As
filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 9, 2008 Registration
No. 333-
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
S-3
REGISTRATION
STATEMENT
UNDER
THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
GRAN
TIERRA ENERGY INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Nevada
(State
or other jurisdiction of
incorporation
or organization)
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98-0479924
(I.R.S.
Employer
Identification
Number)
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300,
611-10th Avenue
S.W.
Calgary,
Alberta T2R 0B2
Canada
(403) 265-3221
(Address,
including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s
principal executive offices)
Dana
Coffield
President
& Chief Executive Officer
300,
611-10th
Avenue S.W.
Calgary,
Alberta T2R 0B2
Canada
(403) 265-3221
(Name,
address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of
agent
for service)
Copy
to:
Nancy
Wojtas, Esq.
Brett
White, Esq.
Cooley
Godward Kronish llp
Five
Palo Alto Square, 4th Floor
3000
El Camino Real
Palo
Alto, CA 94306-2155
(650) 843-5000
Approximate
date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From
time
to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If
the
only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to
dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following
box. ¨
If
any of
the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed
or
continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other
than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest
reinvestment plans, check the following box. R
If
this
Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to
Rule
462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the
Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If
this
Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the
Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration
statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. ¨
If
this
Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a
post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with
the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the
following box. ¨
If
this
Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant
to
General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional
classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check
the following box. ¨
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.
See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller
reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large
accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated
filer R
Non-accelerated
filer ¨
(Do not
check if a smaller reporting
company)
Smaller
reporting company ¨
____________________
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Each Class of Securities To Be Registered
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Amount to be
Registered(1)
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Proposed
Maximum
Offering Price
Per Share(2)
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Proposed
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(2)
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Amount of
Registration
Fee(3)
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|
Common
Stock, par value $0.001 per share
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|
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131,363,112
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$
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4.205
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$
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552,381,886
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$
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22,041
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(1)
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Represents
(i) up to 124,217,174 shares of common stock that may be issued upon
exchange or redemption of up to 124,217,174 exchangeable
shares that may be issued by Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc. (“Exchangeco”), a
subsidiary of Gran Tierra Energy Inc. (“Gran Tierra”), and up to 7,145,938
shares that may be issued upon exercise of warrants to purchase common
stock assumed by Gran Tierra in connection with the combination (the
“Transaction”) of the registrant and Solana Resources Limited (“Solana”).
Also includes, pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, any additional securities that may be offered or
issued
to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock dividends,
recapitalizations or similar transactions. For purposes of determining
the
fee payable in connection with this registration statement, the registrant
has assumed that 124,217,174 exchangeable shares of Exchangeco will
be issued in the Transaction and 7,145,938
Gran Tierra shares will be issuable upon exercise of warrants assumed
by
Gran Tierra in the Transaction. Under all circumstances the maximum
aggregate number of shares of common stock registered hereby that
may be
issued is 131,363,112 (and any additional securities that may be
offered
or issued to prevent dilution resulting from stock splits, stock
dividends, recapitalizations or similar transactions). Accordingly,
the
maximum aggregate offering price and the amount of the registration
fee
are based on this maximum aggregate number of shares that may be
issued.
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(2)
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Estimated
solely for purposes of calculating the registration fee pursuant
to Rule
457(c) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, based on the average
high and low per share prices of Gran Tierra common stock on September
3,
2008, as reported on the American Stock Exchange ($4.205
per share).
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(3)
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In
accordance with Rule 457(b), the total registration fee is reduced by
$20,136 which was the fee paid by the registrant to the Securities
and
Exchange Commission with respect to the Joint
Management Information Circular and Proxy Statement filed
by
Gran Tierra on Schedule 14A with
the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 9, 2008, with
respect
to the Transaction (Commission File Number
001-34018).
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___________________
The
Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates
as
may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file
a
further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement
shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the
Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become
effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting
pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed.
We may
not sell these securities until the registration statement filed
with the
Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus
is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer
to buy
these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not
permitted.
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Subject
to Completion, Dated September 9, 2008
PRELIMINARY
PROSPECTUS
131,363,112
Shares
Common
Stock
This
prospectus relates to the issuance from time to time of:
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·
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up
to 124,217,174 shares of our common stock that may be issued upon
the
exchange of the exchangeable shares of Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc.,
an
indirect wholly-owned Canadian subsidiary of ours, which we refer
to as
Exchangeco in this prospectus, and
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·
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up
to 7,145,938 shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the
exercise of warrants assumed by us in the consolidation of Gran Tierra
with Solana Resources Limited, an Alberta corporation.
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Our
consolidation with Solana, in which Solana will become an indirect wholly-owned
subsidiary of Gran Tierra, and in which we will issue to the holders of Solana
common stock shares of our common stock, or exchangeable shares, and we will
assume warrants to purchase shares of Solana common stock which will then become
warrants to purchase our common stock, is referred to in this document as the
“Solana transaction.” The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon
exchange of the exchangeable shares assumes that the maximum number of
exchangeable shares that can be issued in the Solana transaction will be issued.
The shares of common stock covered by this prospectus will not be issued until
after the Solana transaction has been completed. Except as otherwise indicated,
all of the information presented in this prospectus assumes that the Solana
transaction will be completed. The Solana transaction is described under the
caption entitled “The Solana Transaction” beginning on page 1.
Because
the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus to be issued in
exchange for, or upon the redemption of, the exchangeable shares, we will not
receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of shares of our common stock upon
exchange of exchangeable shares in connection with this offering. We will
receive up to approximately Cdn.$15,000,000, or approximately Cdn.$2.10 per
share, upon exercise of the warrants assumed by us. We are paying all expenses
of registration incurred in connection with this offering.
Our
common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “GTE” and
on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol “GTE”. On September 5, 2008, the
closing price of our common stock was US$4.45 per share on the American Stock
Exchange and Cdn$4.74 per share on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
_______________________
Investing
in our common stock involves risks. Before making any investment in our
securities, you should read and carefully consider risks described in “Risk
Factors” beginning on page 4 of this prospectus.
_______________________
Neither
the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission
has
approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or
adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
_______________________
The
date of this prospectus is
, 2008.
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
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1
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Risk
Factors
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4
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Special
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
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4
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Use
Of Proceeds
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5
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Plan
Of Distribution
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5
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Income
Tax Consequences
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8
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Legal
Matters
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14
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14
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Where
You Can Find More Information
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15
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ABOUT
THIS PROSPECTUS
You
should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any
free-writing prospectus that we authorize to be distributed to you. We have
not
authorized anyone to provide you with information different from or in addition
to that contained in this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus.
If
anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should
not
rely on it. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as
of
the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this
prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial
conditions, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that
date.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This
summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus but might
not contain all of the information that is important to you. Before investing
in
our common stock, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including
“Risk Factors” and our financial statements and the notes thereto included
elsewhere in this prospectus and in our filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission and incorporated into this document by
reference.
For
purposes of this prospectus, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise
requires, all references herein to “Gran Tierra,” “we,” “us,” and “our,” refer
to Gran Tierra Energy Inc., a Nevada corporation, and our
subsidiaries.
Our
Company
Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. is an international oil and gas exploration and production
company operating in South America, headquartered in Calgary, Canada,
incorporated in the United States. We hold interests in producing and
prospective properties in Argentina, Colombia and Peru. We have a strategy
that
focuses on growing a portfolio of producing properties, plus production
enhancement and exploration opportunities to provide a base for future growth.
Recent
Developments
Reserves
Update
In
July
2008, we announced our estimates of reserves of the Costayaco oil field, located
in Colombia, as of the end of June 2008. We now estimate proved reserves of
the
Costayaco oil field of 20.54 million barrels of oil, with net of royalty
reserves of the Costayaco oil field now being 6.67 million barrels of
oil.
The
Solana Transaction
On
July
28, 2008, Gran Tierra entered into an arrangement agreement with Solana
Resources Limited and Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc., an indirect wholly-owned
Canadian subsidiary of ours, which we refer to as Exchangeco in this prospectus.
The arrangement agreement provides for the acquisition of all of the outstanding
shares of Solana common stock through the execution of a statutory plan of
arrangement under Canadian law, whereby Exchangeco would acquire the common
shares of Solana and Solana would become an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary
of
Gran Tierra.
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·
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Under
the terms of the arrangement agreement, in exchange for each share
of
Solana common stock held, Solana shareholders will receive either
(i) 0.9527918
of a share of Gran Tierra common stock or (ii) 0.9527918 of a share
of the common stock of a Canadian subsidiary of Gran Tierra,
an exchangeable share that may be exchanged for one share of Gran
Tierra
common stock at the election of the holder for a period of five
years.
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·
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Warrants
to purchase 7,500,000 shares of Solana common stock at an exercise
price
of Cdn$2.00 per share are currently outstanding. Such warrants will,
after
the effective time of the arrangement, if not exercised or acquired
for
cash in or prior to the Solana transaction, represent the right to
purchase shares of our common stock. Under the arrangement, the number
of
shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants
after
the effective time of the arrangement will be equal to 7,145,938
(or
such lesser number of shares if a portion of the warrants have been
exercised or acquired for cash to the effective time of the
arrangement)
multiplied by the exchange ratio, and the exercise price for such
warrants
will be approximately Cdn$2.10.
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·
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Options
to purchase up to approximately 3,945,000 shares of Solana common
stock at
a weighted average exercise price of Cdn$1.89 per share are currently
outstanding. The plan of arrangement provides that the options can
be
converted to cash or Solana common shares pursuant to a formula set
forth
in the plan of arrangement or, if the optionholder will be a director,
officer, employee or consultant of Gran Tierra or a subsidiary of
Gran
Tierra immediately subsequent to the consummation of the Solana
transaction, the optionholder can elect to cause the Solana options
to
become options to purchase shares of Gran Tierra common stock based
on a
formula set forth in the plan of arrangement.
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·
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As
an inducement for each party to enter into the arrangement agreement,
contemporaneously with the execution of the arrangement agreement,
certain
directors and officers of Solana and Gran Tierra, entered into additional
agreements (that would become terminable upon any termination of
the
arrangement agreement in accordance with its terms) whereby each
of the
parties agreed, among other things, to vote all of her or his shares
of
common stock held in the respective company: (i) in favor of the
adoption of the arrangement agreement; and (ii) generally against any
action or agreement that is intended, or would reasonably be expected,
to
delay, prevent or adversely affect the Solana
transaction.
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·
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The
Solana transaction, which is expected to close prior to November
15, 2008,
is subject to United States and foreign regulatory approvals, approval
by
holders of stock of both companies and other customary conditions.
The
arrangement agreement also contains mutual representations and warranties
of the parties covering customary matters. Each of the parties also
makes
various covenants in the arrangement agreement, including those requiring
the parties to use reasonable efforts to consummate the transaction
and
prohibiting the parties from taking certain actions that would impede
the
consummation of the transaction.
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·
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The
arrangement agreement may be terminated by either Gran Tierra or
Solana
under certain circumstances set forth in the arrangement agreement,
including, among other circumstances, the failure of the plan of
arrangement to be consummated on or before November 15, 2008, the
failure
of Solana shareholders to approve the plan of arrangement, the failure
of
the Gran Tierra stockholders to approve the issuance of shares
contemplated by the plan of arrangement and the failure to obtain
the
necessary regulatory approvals. If the arrangement agreement is terminated
(i) in certain circumstances following the receipt by Solana of a
superior
proposal or (ii) as a result of Solana’s board of directors changing its
recommendation in favor of the plan of arrangement, the arrangement
agreement or the transactions contemplated by the arrangement agreement,
Solana will be obligated to pay a termination fee to Gran Tierra
in the
amount of $21 million. If the arrangement agreement is terminated
as a
result of Gran Tierra’s board of directors changing its approval or
recommendation of the arrangement agreement, the plan of arrangement
and
the other transactions contemplated by the arrangement agreement,
Gran
Tierra will be obligated to pay a termination fee to Solana in the
amount
of $21 million. A party to the arrangement agreement may recover
up to
$1.5 million of its expenses in the event of a failure to satisfy
a
certain condition in the arrangement
agreement.
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Colombian
Participation Agreement
Gran
Tierra is party to a Colombian Participation Agreement, dated June 22, 2006,
between Argosy Energy International, Gran Tierra Energy Inc. and Crosby Capital,
LLC, as amended, the “Colombian
Participation Agreement”,
entered into in connection with Gran Tierra’s original acquisition of its
interests in Colombia, pursuant to which Gran Tierra is obligated to pay
specified amounts based on production from the properties acquired. In July
2008, Gran Tierra negotiated an amendment to the Colombian Participation
Agreement to provide that, in the event that the Arrangement is consummated,
Gran Tierra will issue two million shares of Gran Tierra common stock to
the
holders of the rights to receive payments under that agreement, in consideration
for the holders agreeing that their rights to receive payments on production
from the properties Gran Tierra acquired would not apply to Solana’s interests
in the properties in which Solana and Gran Tierra have joint working interests,
even after the combination of the two companies. In the event that combination
of Gran Tierra and Solana does not occur, then Gran Tierra would not be
obligated to issue the two million shares, and the rights of the royalty
holders
under the Colombian Participation Agreement would not be
affected.
Corporate
Information
Gran
Tierra Energy Inc. was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on
June 6, 2003, under the name of Goldstrike Inc. Our principal executive offices
are located at 300, 611 - 10th Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2R 0B2, Canada.
The telephone number at our principal executive offices is (403) 265-3221.
Our
website address is www.grantierra.com. Information contained on our website
is
not deemed part of this prospectus.
The
Offering
The
following is a brief summary of the offering. You should read the entire
prospectus carefully, including “Risk Factors” and the information, including
financial information relating to Gran Tierra, included in our filings with
the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and incorporated in this document
by
reference.
Securities
Offered
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131,363,112
shares of our common stock. (1)
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Use
of Proceeds
|
We
will not receive any cash proceeds from the shares of our common
stock
that will be issued in exchange for or upon redemption of the exchangeable
shares.
We
may receive up to Cdn$15,000,000 (approximately US$14,101,720
assuming a Canadian/US dollar exchange rate of US$0.94 per one Canadian
dollar, the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York
on
September 5, 2008) in net cash proceeds in connection with the exercise
of
the Solana warrants if no warrants have been exercised or acquired
for
cash to the effective time of the arrangement. If received, we will
use
any of the proceeds for general corporate purposes.
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Trading
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Our
common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol
“GTE” and on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol
“GTE.”
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Dividend
Policy
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We
do not intend to declare dividends for the foreseeable future, as
we
anticipate that we will reinvest any future earnings in the development
and growth of our business.
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Risk
Factors
|
See
“Risk Factors” and the other information in this prospectus for a
discussion of the factors you should carefully consider before deciding
to
invest in the shares of our common stock being offered by us in this
document.
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(1) |
The
number of shares reflects:
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·
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up
to 124,217,174 shares of our common stock that may be issued upon
the
exchange of the exchangeable shares of Exchangeco,
and
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·
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up
to 7,145,938 shares of our common stock that may be issued upon the
exercise of warrants assumed by us in the Solana transaction.
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Solana
shareholders will either receive shares of our common stock or exchangeable
shares in the Solana transaction. Solana optionholders may elect to convert
their Solana options into Solana common shares immediately prior to the Solana
transaction, in which case they would become Solana shareholders, or may elect
to receive a cash payment for their Solana stock options. The number of shares
of our common stock issuable upon exchange of exchangeable shares, as reflected
above, assumes that all Solana stockholders receive exchangeable shares in
the
Solana transaction and that all Solana optionholders elect to receive Solana
common shares in exchange for their Solana stock options immediately prior
to
the completion of the Solana transaction. The number of shares actually issuable
upon exchange of exchangeable shares will be reduced by the number of shares
of
our common stock issued directly to Solana stockholders in the Solana
transaction, as well as to the extent that Solana optionholders do not elect
to
convert their Solana stock options into Solana common shares immediately prior
to the completion of the Solana transaction.
Warrants
to purchase 7,145,938 shares of Solana common stock, if not exercised or
acquired for cash in or prior to the Solana transaction, will, after the
completion of the Solana transaction, represent warrants to purchase shares
of
our common stock. We refer to these warrants as the Solana warrants. The Solana
warrants will represent the right to purchase up to 7,145,938 shares of our
common stock, and will be exerciseable for approximately Cdn$2.10 per share,
or
up to a maximum of Cdn$15 million, if no warrants to purchase Solana shares
are
exercised or acquired for cash in or prior to the Solana transaction and all
Solana warrants are exercised.
RISK
FACTORS
Investing
in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In
addition to the risk factors described in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,
filed with the SEC on August 11, 2008, and the risk factors set forth in our
preliminary Joint Proxy Statement filed with the SEC on September 9, 2008,
each
of which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus, and the other
information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, you
should carefully consider the risk factors described below before making an
investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below and
incorporated by reference are not the only risks we face. Additional risks
and
uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial
may
impair our future business operations.
Our
business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially
adversely affected by any of these risks. In such case, the trading price of
our
common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your
investment.
The
Exchange of Your Exchangeable Shares is Generally
Taxable.
Based
on
the tax laws as of the date of this prospectus, the exchange of exchangeable
shares
for
shares of Gran Tierra common stock is generally a taxable event in Canada and
may be a taxable event in the United States. A holder's tax consequences can
vary depending on a number of factors, including the residency of the holder,
the method of the exchange and the length of time that the exchangeable shares
were held prior to the exchange. Canadian and United States federal income
tax
consequences will vary depending on your particular circumstances. We strongly
urge you to consult your tax advisor as to the tax consequences of exchanging
your exchangeable shares for Gran Tierra common stock. See “Income Tax
Consequences.”
The
Market Price of Our Common Stock May Be Less Than the Market Price of the
Exchangeable Shares.
Gran
Tierra common stock is listed on the American Stock Exchange and on the Toronto
Stock Exchange, and the exchangeable shares are to be listed on the Toronto
Stock Exchange. We do not intend to list the exchangeable shares or Gran Tierra
common stock on any other stock exchange in Canada or in the United States.
As a
result, the price at which the exchangeable shares trade is expected to be
based
upon the market for such shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the price
at
which the shares of Gran Tierra common stock trade is based upon the market
for
such shares on the American Stock Exchange and/or on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
Although Gran Tierra believes that the market price of the exchangeable shares
on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the market price of the Gran Tierra common
stock on the American Stock Exchange and/or on the Toronto Stock Exchange should
reflect essentially equivalent values, there can be no assurance that the market
price of the Gran Tierra common stock will be identical, or even similar, to
the
market price of the exchangeable shares.
SPECIAL
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This
prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section
27A
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section
21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act.
This prospectus includes statements regarding our plans, goals, strategies,
intent, beliefs or current expectations. These statements are expressed in
good
faith and based upon a reasonable basis when made, but there can be no assurance
that these expectations will be achieved or accomplished. These forward looking
statements can be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “believe,”
“plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate,” “expect,” and the like,
and/or future-tense or conditional constructions “may,” “could,” “should,” etc.
Items contemplating or making assumptions about, actual or potential future
sales, market size, collaborations, and trends or operating results also
constitute such forward-looking statements.
Although
forward-looking statements in this prospectus reflect the good faith judgment
of
our management, forward-looking statements are inherently subject to known
and
unknown risks, business, economic and other risks and uncertainties that may
cause actual results to be materially different from those discussed in these
forward-looking statements. Readers are urged not to place undue reliance on
these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this
prospectus. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements
in
order to reflect any event or circumstance that may arise after the date of
this
prospectus, other than as may be required by applicable law or regulation.
Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures
made
by us in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission which
attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect
our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. If
one
or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if the underlying
assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from those
expected or projected.
USE
OF PROCEEDS
Upon
completion of the plan of arrangement, the Solana warrants will be exercisable,
at an exercise price of approximately Cdn$2.10 per share of our common stock,
for up to 7,145,938 shares of our common stock, assuming none of the warrants
held by holders of Solana warrants elect to exercise their warrants prior to
the
Solana transaction, or have their warrants acquired for cash in the Solana
transaction. As
a
result, we may receive up to Cdn$15 million (approximately US$14,101,720
assuming a Canadian/US dollar exchange rate of US$0.94 per one Canadian dollar,
the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on September 5,
2008) in net cash proceeds in connection with the exercise of the Solana
warrants if all such warrants are exercised, based on the assumption stated
immediately above. If received, we will use any such proceeds for general
corporate purposes.
This
offering is not being conducted for capital raising purposes, but rather to
facilitate the completion of the Solana transaction.
PLAN
OF DISTRIBUTION
We
will
distribute the shares of our common stock covered by this prospectus only
upon:
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· |
exchange
or redemption of the exchangeable shares of Exchangeco, or
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|
· |
exercise
of the Solana warrants,
|
each
as
described below, and no broker, dealer or underwriter has been engaged in
connection with the exchange, redemption or exercise of Solana warrants.
Exchangeable
Shares
The
exchangeable shares will be issued by Exchangeco in connection with the Solana
transaction. If you become a holder of exchangeable shares, you will be entitled
at any time to require Exchangeco to redeem, subject to the overriding
retraction call right of another of our Canadian subsidiaries (“Callco”), any or
all of your exchangeable shares for a price per exchangeable share equal to
one
share of our common stock and (provided that you hold the exchangeable share
on
the applicable dividend record date), on the payment date for any declared
and
unpaid dividends, an amount in cash equal to such dividends on that exchangeable
share.
In
order
to exercise this right, you must deliver to Exchangeco at its registered office
or at an office of Exchangeco’s transfer agent, among other things, a written
retraction request and the certificates representing the exchangeable shares
to
be redeemed. You must state in your request the business day on which you desire
Exchangeco to redeem your exchangeable shares, which business day must be 10
to
15 business days after your request is received by Exchangeco. If you fail
to
specify a business day in your request, the retraction date will be the 15th
business day after your request is received by Exchangeco.
If
you
exercise this retraction right to require that Exchangeco redeem any of your
exchangeable shares, Callco will have an overriding retraction call right,
which
is Callco’s right to purchase all but not less than all of those exchangeable
shares for a price per exchangeable share equal
to
one share
of
corresponding Gran Tierra common stock and (provided that you hold the
exchangeable share on the applicable dividend record date), on the payment
date
for any declared and unpaid dividends, an amount in cash equal to such dividends
on that exchangeable share. Upon receipt of your retraction request, Exchangeco
will immediately notify Callco, which must then advise Exchangeco within five
business days as to whether it will exercise its retraction call right. If
Callco does not so advise, Exchangeco will notify you as soon as possible
thereafter that Callco will not exercise its retraction call right. If Callco
advises Exchangeco that Callco will exercise its retraction call right within
the five business day period, then the retraction request will be considered
only to be an offer by you to sell the shares identified in your retraction
request to Callco in accordance with Callco’s retraction call right.
You
may
revoke your retraction request, in writing, at any time prior to the close
of
business one business day before the contemplated date of retraction, in which
case the exchangeable shares identified in the retraction request will not
be
purchased by Callco or redeemed by Exchangeco. Unless you revoke your retraction
request, the shares identified in the retraction request will be redeemed by
Exchangeco or purchased by Callco, as the case may be, and Exchangeco or Callco,
as the case may be, will send you (i) a certificate representing the
aggregate number of corresponding shares of our common stock, and (ii) on
the payment date therefor, a check in an amount equal to the amount of the
declared and unpaid dividends, if any, on the retracted or purchased
exchangeable shares with a record date prior to the date of retraction or
purchase (as the case may be), less any amounts withheld on account of tax.
If,
as a
result of solvency requirements or applicable law, Exchangeco is not permitted
to redeem all exchangeable shares identified in a retraction request, and Callco
has not exercised its retraction call right, Exchangeco will redeem only those
exchangeable shares tendered by you (rounded down to a whole number of shares)
as would be permissible. In addition, if you do not revoke your retraction
request, the retraction request will constitute notice from you to the trustee
to exercise your exchange right under the voting and exchange trust agreement
entered into by Gran Tierra, Exchangeco and a trustee in connection with the
completion of the Solana transaction, which we refer to in this document as
the
“voting and exchange trust agreement,” and the trustee, on your behalf, will
require Gran Tierra to purchase any exchangeable shares on the retraction date
set forth in the retraction request
On
the
redemption date for exchangeable shares, Exchangeco will, subject to Callco’s
redemption call right, redeem all of its then outstanding exchangeable shares
for a price per exchangeable share equal to one share of Gran Tierra common
stock and (provided you hold the exchangeable share on the applicable dividend
record date) on the payment date for any declared and unpaid dividends, an
amount in cash equal to such dividends on that exchangeable share. Exchangeco
will provide the registered holders of its exchangeable shares with at least
60 days prior written notice of the proposed redemption of the exchangeable
shares by Exchangeco or the purchase of its exchangeable shares by Callco under
the redemption call right described below.
Callco
has an overriding right to purchase on the redemption date all of the
outstanding exchangeable shares being redeemed (other than those held by Gran
Tierra and its affiliates) for a price per exchangeable share equal to one
share
of corresponding Gran Tierra common stock and an amount in cash equal to the
declared and unpaid dividends, if any, on that exchangeable share held by a
holder on any dividend record date that occurred prior to the date of purchase
of the share by Callco.
To
exercise this redemption call right, Callco must notify the transfer agent
and
Exchangeco of Callco’s intention to exercise this right at least 60 days
before the redemption date. The transfer agent will notify the holders of the
exchangeable shares as to whether or not Callco has exercised its redemption
call right after the expiry of the period during which Callco can exercise
its
redemption call right. If Callco exercises its redemption call right, it will
purchase on the redemption date all of the exchangeable shares then outstanding
(other than those held by Gran Tierra and its affiliates).
The
“redemption date” is a date, if any, fixed by the Exchangeco board of directors
after the date that is no earlier than the fifth anniversary of the date of
the
completion of the consolidation of Gran Tierra and Solana. If at any time (i)
fewer than 25,285,358 exchangeable shares (other than exchangeable shares held
by Gran Tierra or its affiliates) issued as a result of the Solana transaction
are outstanding or (ii) the board of directors, in connection with certain
actions described in the arrangement agreement, shall have determined that
it is
reasonable and practicable to redeem the exchangeable shares, the board of
directors may elect to have Exchangeco redeem all but not less than all of
the
outstanding exchangeable shares.
On
or
after the redemption date, upon your delivery of the certificates representing
the exchangeable shares and the other documents as may be required to an office
of the transfer agent or the registered office of Gran Tierra, Exchangeco or
Callco will deliver, for each exchangeable share, one share of Gran Tierra
common stock and, on the payment date therefor, a check in an amount equal
to
the amount of the declared and unpaid dividends, if any, on the redeemed
exchangeable shares, less any amounts withheld on account of tax.
Subject
to applicable law, Exchangeco may at any time and from time to time purchase
for
cancellation all or any part of the outstanding exchangeable shares.
Liquidation
Rights with Respect to Exchangeco
In
the
event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Exchangeco or other
distribution of the assets of Exchangeco for the purpose of liquidating its
affairs, you will have, subject to applicable law and Callco’s overriding
liquidation call right, preferential rights to receive from Exchangeco for
each
exchangeable share you hold one share of Gran Tierra common stock, and (provided
you hold the exchangeable share on the applicable dividend record date) on
the
applicable payment date an amount in cash equal to the declared and unpaid
dividends, if any, on that exchangeable share, less any amount withheld on
account of tax. Upon the occurrence of a liquidation, dissolution or winding
up,
Callco will have an overriding liquidation call right to purchase all of the
outstanding exchangeable shares (other than exchangeable shares held by Gran
Tierra and its affiliates) from you on the liquidation date for the same
consideration per share.
Upon
the
occurrence and during the continuance of an “insolvency event” (as defined in
the following paragraph), you will be entitled to instruct the trustee under
the
voting and exchange trust agreement to exercise the exchange right with respect
to any or all of the exchangeable shares you hold and require Gran Tierra to
purchase these shares. As soon as practicable following the occurrence of an
insolvency event or any event which may, with the passage of time and/or the
giving of notice, become an insolvency event, Exchangeco and Gran Tierra must,
under the voting and exchange trust agreement, give written notice to the
trustee. As soon as practicable after receiving notice, the trustee will notify
you of the insolvency event and will advise you of your rights with respect
to
the exchange right. The purchase price payable by Gran Tierra for each
exchangeable share purchased under the exchange right will be equal to one
corresponding share of Gran Tierra common stock and (provided you hold the
exchangeable share on the applicable dividend record date) the amount of all
declared and unpaid dividends, if any, on that exchangeable share, less any
amount withheld on account of tax.
An
“insolvency event” means:
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·
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the
institution by Exchangeco of any proceeding to be adjudicated a bankrupt
or insolvent or to be wound up, or the consent of Exchangeco to the
institution of bankruptcy, insolvency or winding-up proceedings against
it;
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·
|
the
filing of a petition, answer or consent seeking dissolution or winding-up
under any bankruptcy, insolvency or analogous laws, including the
Companies
Creditors’ Arrangement Act
(Canada) and the Bankruptcy
and Insolvency Act
(Canada), and the failure by Exchangeco to contest in good faith
any such
proceedings commenced in respect of Exchangeco within 30 days of
becoming
aware thereof, or the consent by Exchangeco to the filing of any
such
petition or to the appointment of a receiver;
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|
·
|
the
making by Exchangeco of a general assignment for the benefit of creditors,
or the admission in writing by Exchangeco of its inability to pay
its
debts generally as they become due; or
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·
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Exchangeco
not being permitted, under solvency requirements of applicable law,
to
redeem any retracted exchangeable shares under the provisions attaching
to
the exchangeable shares.
|
In
addition, if, as a result of solvency requirements or applicable law, Exchangeco
is not permitted to redeem all exchangeable shares identified in a retraction
request, and Callco has not exercised its retraction call right, then the
retraction request will constitute notice from you to the trustee to exercise
your exchange right under the voting and exchange trust agreement and the
trustee, on your behalf, will require Gran Tierra to purchase any exchangeable
shares on the retraction date set forth in the retraction request.
In
order
for the holders of exchangeable shares to participate on a pro rata basis with
the holders of corresponding shares of Gran Tierra common stock, on the fifth
business day prior to the effective date of a Gran Tierra liquidation event
(a
specified event relating to the voluntary or involuntary liquidation,
dissolution, winding up or other distribution of the assets of Gran Tierra
among
its shareholders for the purpose of winding up its affairs), each exchangeable
share (other than those held by Gran Tierra and its affiliates) will
automatically be exchanged for one share of Gran Tierra common stock and
(provided you hold the exchangeable share on the applicable dividend record
date), on the applicable payment date an amount in cash equal to the declared
and unpaid dividends, if any, on that exchangeable share, less any amount
withheld on account of tax. Upon your request and surrender of exchangeable
share certificates, duly endorsed in blank and accompanied by those instruments
of transfer that Gran Tierra may reasonably require, Gran Tierra will deliver
to
you certificates representing an equivalent number of corresponding shares
of
Gran Tierra common stock, plus (provided you hold the exchangeable share on
the
applicable dividend record date) a check for the amount of those dividends,
if
any, for the exchangeable shares exchanged by you under the automatic exchange
right, less any amount withheld on account of tax.
As
of
September 5, 2008, warrants to purchase 7,500,000 shares of Solana common stock
at an exercise price per share of Solana common stock of Cdn$2.00 were
outstanding. Such warrants expire on April 2, 2010. The warrants may be
exercised in whole or in part at any time prior to the expiration date of the
warrants. All of these warrants that are not exercised or acquired for cash
in
or prior to the Solana transaction, will, after the completion of the Solana
transaction, represent warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. We
refer
to these warrants as the Solana warrants.
Upon
the
closing of the Solana transaction, we will assume Solana’s obligations under all
of the Solana warrants. After the closing, each warrant will be exercisable
for
a number of shares of our common stock equal to the product obtained by
multiplying the number of shares of Solana common stock subject to such warrant
by the exchange ratio (rounded down to a whole number of shares). The exercise
price of each such warrant per share of our common stock will be equal to the
exercise price per share of Solana common stock of such warrant immediately
prior to the consummation of the plan of arrangement, divided by the exchange
ratio. As a result, the exercise price of the Solana warrants will be
approximately Cdn$2.10. The term to expiry, conditions to and the manner of
exercising, vesting schedule and all other terms and conditions of such warrants
are otherwise unchanged, and any document or agreement previously evidencing
a
Solana warrant evidences and is deemed to evidence the assumed warrant.
Assuming
no warrants are exercised or acquired for cash in or prior to the Solana
transaction, the Solana warrants will be exercisable for 7,145,938 shares of
our
common stock, subject to adjustment. The number of shares of our common stock
issuable upon exercise of each Solana warrant is subject to adjustment if we
subdivide, redivide or change our outstanding common stock into a greater number
of shares or if we reduce, combine or consolidate our outstanding common stock
into a smaller number of shares. In addition, if we otherwise reclassify our
common stock or if we effect a capital reorganization, merger, amalgamation,
consolidation or sell all or substantially all of our assets, each Solana
warrant will, after the effective time of any such action or transaction, be
exercisable for the number and type of shares, other securities or property
that
the holder of the Solana warrant would have been entitled to receive had the
holder of the Solana warrant been the registered holder of the number of shares
of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Solana warrant on the record
date or the effective date of any such transaction.
If
we fix
a record date for making a distribution or dividend of cash, Gran Tierra’s
shares of any class, rights options or warrants, evidence of indebtedness,
or
assets (including shares of other corporations) to all or substantially all
the
holders of our outstanding common stock, the holder of a Solana warrant shall
be
entitled to receive, upon exercise of such warrant, the amount of cash or the
number and kind of shares, other securities or property the holder of the Solana
warrant would have been entitled to receive had the holder of the Solana warrant
been the registered holder of the number of shares of our common stock issuable
upon exercise of the Solana warrant on such record date.
Additional
Information
For
a
more detailed description of the exchangeable shares and Solana warrants, please
see “Description
of the Arrangement - Transaction
Mechanics and Description of GTE-Solana Exchangeable Shares” and “Description of
the Arrangement – Treatment of Warrants in the Joint Management Information
Circular and Proxy Statement filed by Gran Tierra with the SEC on
Schedule 14A on September 9, 2008, which is incorporated by reference in
this prospectus. The terms on which shares of Gran Tierra common stock may
be
issued upon exchange or redemption of the exchangeable shares or upon exercise
of the Solana warrants are set forth in the plan of arrangement, including
the
provisions attaching to the exchangeable shares as set forth in Exhibit A to
the
plan of arrangement, and certain provisions of the form of voting and exchange
trust agreement, each of which is included as an exhibit to the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. The description above of the
terms
on which shares of Gran Tierra common stock may be issued upon exchange or
redemption of the exchangeable shares or upon exercise of the Solana warrants
is
qualified by reference to the plan of arrangement (including the provisions
attaching to the exchangeable shares) and the form of voting and exchange trust
agreement.
The
support agreement entered into by Gran Tierra, Callco and Exchangeco provides,
among other things, that we will take all actions and do all things reasonably
necessary or desirable to enable and permit Exchangeco, in accordance with
applicable law, to perform its obligations arising upon the liquidation,
dissolution or winding-up of any other distribution of the assets of Exchangeco
among its shareholders for the purpose of winding-up its affairs or in the
event
of a retraction demand by a holder of exchangeable shares or a redemption of
exchangeable shares on the redemption date, as the case may be (including those
obligations of Exchangeco described above). The form of the support agreement
is
included as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus
is
a part, and its description is qualified in its entirety by reference thereto.
We
will
pay all expenses incurred in connection with the distribution described in
this
prospectus.
INCOME
TAX CONSEQUENCES
CANADIAN
FEDERAL
INCOME
TAX
CONSEQUENCES
In
the
opinion of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP, Canadian counsel to Gran Tierra,
the following summary fairly describes the principal Canadian federal income
tax
considerations pursuant to the Tax Act generally applicable to holders of
exchangeable shares who exchange their exchangeable shares for shares of Gran
Tierra common stock in a retraction (a voluntary exchange initiated by a holder
of exchangeable shares), redemption (an exchange initiated by Exchangeco to
redeem the exchangeable shares) or purchase (a purchase of exchangeable shares
by Exchangeco for cancellation) pursuant to the terms set forth in the
Provisions Attaching to the Exchangeable Shares (Schedule A in the Plan of
Arrangement), and who, at all relevant times for the purposes of the Tax Act,
are, for the purposes of the Tax Act and any applicable income tax treaty or
convention, resident or deemed to be resident in Canada, hold such shares as
capital property and deal at arm's length with each of Exchangeco and Gran
Tierra ("Resident Shareholders"). Generally, such shares will
constitute capital property to a holder provided such holder does not hold
such
property in the course of carrying on a business and has not acquired such
property in one or more transactions considered to be an adventure or concern
in
the nature of trade. Shareholders who do not hold their exchangeable shares
or
shares of Gran Tierra common stock as capital property, as the case may be,
should consult their own tax advisors with respect to their particular
circumstances.
This
summary is not applicable to a holder that is a "financial institution" for
purposes of the mark-to-market rules contained in the Tax Act, a holder that
is
a "specified financial institution", a holder an interest in which is a "tax
shelter" or a "tax shelter investment", or a holder with respect to whom Gran
Tierra is a "foreign affiliate", each as defined in the Tax Act, a holder who
is
exempt from paying tax under Part I of the Tax Act, or a holder to whom the
functional currency reporting rules contained in subsection 261(4) of the Tax
Act would apply. Any such holders should consult their own tax advisors.
This
summary is based upon the provisions of the Tax Act in force as of the date
hereof, all specific proposals to amend the Tax Act that have been publicly
announced by or on behalf of the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the
date
hereof (the "Proposed
Amendments"),
and
counsel's understanding, based on publicly available published materials, of
the
current administrative policies and assessing practices of the Canada Revenue
Agency ("CRA").
This
summary is not exhaustive of all possible Canadian federal income tax
considerations and, except for the Proposed Amendments, does not take into
account any changes in the law, whether by legislative, regulatory or judicial
action, or any changes in the administrative policies and assessing practices
of
the CRA, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign tax
legislation or considerations, which may differ significantly from those
discussed herein.
This
discussion is of a general nature only. Therefore, holders should consult their
own tax advisors with respect to their particular circumstances.
For
purposes of the Tax Act, all amounts relating to the acquisition, holding or
disposition of shares of Gran Tierra common stock, including the receipt of
dividends and the calculation of any adjusted cost base amounts and proceeds
of
disposition, must be converted into Canadian dollars based on the prevailing
United States dollar exchange rate at the time such amounts arise.
Redemption,
Retraction or Purchase of Exchangeable Shares
On
the
redemption (retraction or purchase) of an exchangeable share by Exchangeco,
the
holder of such exchangeable share will be deemed to have received a dividend
equal to the amount, if any, by which the redemption, retraction or
purchase proceeds exceed the paid-up capital at the time of the
exchangeable share so redeemed. For these purposes, the redemption proceeds
will
be the fair market value of the shares of Gran Tierra common stock (or other
consideration) received from Exchangeco at the time of the redemption,
retraction or purchase plus the amount, if any, of all then accrued but
unpaid dividends on the exchangeable shares paid on the redemption, retraction
or purchase. Such
deemed dividend will be included in computing the shareholder's income, and
will
be generally be subject to the gross-up and dividend tax credit rules normally
applicable to taxable dividends received from taxable Canadian corporations
under the Tax Act. In the case of a Resident Shareholder that is a corporation,
such deemed dividend normally would be included in the corporation's income
and
would be deductible in computing its taxable income. A Resident Shareholder
that
is a "private corporation", as defined in the Tax Act, or any other corporation
resident in Canada and controlled or deemed to be controlled by or for the
benefit of an individual or a related group of individuals may be liable under
Part IV of the Tax Act to pay a refundable tax of 331/3%
of such deemed dividend to the extent that such dividend is deductible in
computing the shareholder's taxable income. A Resident Shareholder that is
throughout the relevant taxation year a "Canadian-controlled private
corporation", as defined in the Tax Act, may be liable to pay an additional
refundable tax of 62/3% on its "aggregate investment
income" for the year which will include deemed dividends that are not deductible
in computing taxable income.
On
a
redemption, retraction or purchase, the holder of an exchangeable share will
also be considered to have disposed of the exchangeable share, but the amount
of
the deemed dividend will be excluded in computing the holder's proceeds of
disposition for purposes of computing any capital gain or capital loss arising
on the disposition. In the case of a Resident Shareholder that is a corporation,
in some circumstances, the amount of any such deemed dividend may be treated
as
proceeds of disposition and not as a dividend. The taxation of capital gains
and
capital losses is described below.
Exchange
of Exchangeable Shares
On
the
exchange by a Resident Shareholder of an exchangeable share with Gran Tierra
or
Callco for a share of Gran Tierra common stock, the shareholder will generally
realize a capital gain (or a capital loss) equal to the amount by which the
proceeds of disposition of the exchangeable share, net of any reasonable costs
of disposition, exceed (or are less than) the adjusted cost base to the holder
of the exchangeable share immediately before the exchange. For these purposes,
the proceeds of disposition will be the fair market value at the time of
exchange of the share of Gran Tierra common stock plus any other amount received
by the holder from Gran Tierra or a subsidiary of Gran Tierra as part of the
exchange consideration other than amounts required to be included in income
as a
dividend. The taxation of capital gains and capital losses is described
below.
Dividends
on Gran Tierra Common Stock
Dividends
on shares of Gran Tierra common stock will be included in the recipient's income
for the purposes of the Tax Act. Such dividends received by an individual
shareholder will not be subject to the gross-up and dividend tax credit rules
in
the Tax Act. A Resident Shareholder that is a corporation will include such
dividends in computing its income and generally will not be entitled to deduct
the amount of such dividends in computing its taxable income. A shareholder
that
is throughout the relevant taxation year a "Canadian-controlled private
corporation", as defined in the Tax Act, may be liable to pay an additional
refundable tax of 6⅔% on its "aggregate investment income" for the year which
will include such dividends. United States non-resident withholding tax on
such
dividends received by Canadian residents will be generally eligible for foreign
tax credit or deduction treatment, where applicable, under the Tax Act.
Disposition
of Gran Tierra Shares
The
cost
of shares of Gran Tierra common stock received on a retraction, redemption
or
exchange of exchangeable shares will be equal to the fair market value of such
shares at the time of such event. The adjusted cost base to a holder of shares
of Gran Tierra common stock acquired on a retraction, redemption or exchange
of
exchangeable shares will be determined by averaging the cost of such shares
with
the adjusted cost base of all other shares of Gran Tierra common stock held
by
such holder as capital property immediately before the retraction, redemption
or
exchange, as the case may be. A disposition or deemed disposition of shares
of
Gran Tierra common stock by a holder will generally result in a capital gain
(or
a capital loss) equal to the amount by which the proceeds of disposition, net
of
any reasonable costs of disposition, exceed (or are less than) the adjusted
cost
base to the holder of such shares immediately before the disposition. The
taxation of capital gains and capital losses is described below.
Taxation
of Capital Gains and Capital Losses
One-half
of any capital gain (a taxable capital gain) realized on a disposition of shares
must be included in a Resident Shareholder's income for the year of disposition.
One-half of any capital loss (an allowable capital loss) generally may be
deducted by the Resident Shareholder against taxable capital gains for the
year
of disposition. Any allowable capital losses in excess of taxable capital gains
for the year of disposition generally may be carried back up to three taxation
years or carried forward indefinitely and deducted against taxable capital
gains
in such other years to the extent and under the circumstances described in
the
Tax Act.
Capital
gains realized by an individual or trust, other than certain specified trusts,
may give rise to alternative minimum tax under the Tax Act.
A
Resident Shareholder that is throughout the relevant taxation year a
"Canadian-controlled private corporation", as defined in the Tax Act, may be
liable to pay an additional refundable tax of 6⅔% on its "aggregate investment
income" for the year which will include an amount in respect of taxable capital
gains.
If
a
Resident Shareholder is a corporation, the amount of any capital loss arising
from a disposition or deemed disposition of shares may be reduced by the amount
of dividends received or deemed to have been received by it on such shares
to
the extent and under circumstances prescribed by the Tax Act. Similar rules
may
apply where a corporation is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of
a
trust that owns shares or where a trust or partnership of which a corporation
is
a beneficiary or a member is a member of a partnership or a beneficiary of
a
trust that owns shares. Resident Shareholders to whom these rules may be
relevant should consult their own tax advisors.
Foreign
Property Information Reporting
A
Resident Shareholder that is a "specified Canadian entity" for a taxation year
or a fiscal period and whose total cost amount of "specified foreign property"
at any time in the year or fiscal period exceeds Cdn$100,000 will be required
to
file an information return for the year or period disclosing prescribed
information in respect of such property, such as the cost amount of such
property and the amount of any dividends, interest and gains or losses realized
in the year in respect of such property. Subject to certain exceptions, a
taxpayer resident in Canada in the year will be a specified Canadian entity.
Specified foreign property is defined in the Tax Act to include shares of the
capital stock of a non-resident corporation and property that, under the terms
or conditions thereof or any agreement related thereto, is convertible into,
exchangeable for or confers a right to acquire, property that is a share of
the
capital stock of a non-resident corporation.
The
exchangeable shares and shares of Gran Tierra common stock will be/are specified
foreign property. As a result, if the aggregate cost amount of any specified
foreign property held by a Resident Shareholder (including any exchangeable
shares and shares of Gran Tierra common stock) at any time in a taxation year
or
fiscal period exceeds Cdn$100,000, the Resident Shareholder will be required
to
file an information return for the year as described above. Resident
Shareholders are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors as to whether
they
must file an information return under these rules.
Foreign
Investment Entity Status
Bill
C-10, which received second reading in the Senate and was referred to the
Banking, Trade and Commerce Committee on December 4, 2007, will amend the Tax
Act (if passed by the Senate and enacted in their current form) in relation
to
the income tax treatment of investments by Canadian residents in non-resident
entities that constitute "foreign investment entities" (each, a "FIE")
applicable for taxation years commencing after 2006 (the "FIE
Tax Rules").
In
general terms, the FIE Tax Rules, as currently drafted, would apply to require
a
Shareholder that holds a "participating interest" (that is not an "exempt
interest") in a non-resident entity that is a FIE at the entity’s taxation
year-end to take into account in computing the Shareholder’s income for the
Shareholder’s taxation year that includes such taxation year-end: (i) an amount
based on a prescribed rate of return on the "designated cost" of such
participating interest held by the Shareholder at the end of each month ending
in the Shareholder’s taxation year at which time the participating interest is
held by the Shareholder; (ii) in certain limited circumstances, any gains or
losses accrued on such participating interest for the year; or (iii) in certain
limited circumstances, the Shareholder’s proportionate share of the FIE’s income
(or loss) for the year calculated using Canadian tax rules.
The
shares of Gran Tierra common stock would constitute an “exempt interest” to a
Resident Shareholder so long as (i) they qualified as an “arm’s length interest”
(as defined under the FIE Tax Rules) to the Resident Shareholder (ii) they
are
listed on a designated stock exchange and (iii) it is reasonable to conclude
that the Resident Shareholder has no tax avoidance motive. The determination
of
whether a Resident Shareholder will have a tax avoidance motive in respect
of
the shares of Gran Tierra common stock within the meaning of the FIE Tax Rules
will depend on the particular circumstances of the Resident Shareholder.
Resident Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the
determination of whether they have such a tax avoidance motive. The shares
of
Gran Tierra common stock will generally qualify as an “arm’s length interest” at
any time for the purposes of the FIE Tax Rules if (i) it is reasonable to
conclude that there are at least 150 persons each of which holds at that time
shares of Gran Tierra common stock having a total market value of at least
$500
(ii) it is reasonable to conclude that the shares of Gran Tierra common stock
can normally be acquired and sold by members of the public in the open market
and (iii) the aggregate fair market value at that time of the shares of Gran
Tierra common stock that are held by the Resident Shareholder, or an entity
or
individual with whom the Resident Shareholder does not deal at arm’s length,
does not exceed 10% of the aggregate fair market value of all of the shares
of
Gran Tierra common stock at that time.
The
FIE
Tax Rules are complex and have been subject to extensive amendments. No
assurances can be given that these provisions will be enacted in the form
proposed. Resident Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding
the application of the FIE Tax Rules to their particular circumstances.
MATERIAL
U.S.
FEDERAL
INCOME
TAX
CONSEQUENCES
OF THE RETRACTION,
REDEMPTION
OR PURCHASE
OF EXCHANGEABLE
SHARES
In
the
opinion of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP, the following discussion constitutes
a
fair and accurate summary of the anticipated material U.S. federal income tax
consequences to U.S. Holders of exchangeable shares who exchange their
exchangeable shares for shares of Gran Tierra common stock in a retraction
(a
voluntary exchange initiated by a holder of exchangeable shares), redemption
(an
exchange initiated by Exchangeco to redeem the exchangeable shares) or purchase
(a purchase of exchangeable shares by Exchangeco for cancellation) pursuant
to
the terms set forth in the Provisions Attaching to the Exchangeable Shares
(Schedule A in the Plan of Arrangement). This discussion does not address any
tax consequences arising under the income or other tax laws of any state, local
or foreign jurisdiction or any tax treaties. It is based on the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, applicable Treasury Regulations, and
administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, each as in effect as of
the
date hereof, all of which may change, possibly with retroactive effect. Any
such
change could affect the accuracy of the statements and conclusions discussed
below and the tax consequences of a retraction, redemption or purchase
transaction.
This
discussion assumes that holders of exchangeable shares hold their shares as
capital assets. Except as expressly indicated below (see the section below
entitled “Consequences of a Retraction, Redemption or Purchase Transaction for
non-U.S. Holders”), this discussion does not address the consequences of a
retraction, or redemption or purchase transaction to any person that is not
a
U.S. Holder as defined below. This discussion does not address all tax
consequences that may be relevant to particular holders in light of their
individual circumstances, or the tax consequences to holders subject to special
tax rules, including, without limitation:
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banks,
insurance companies and other financial
institutions;
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tax-exempt
organizations;
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·
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persons
who are or will be subject to the alternative minimum
tax;
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persons
who will hold exchangeable shares as a position in a “straddle” or as part
of a hedging,” “conversion” or other risk reduction
transaction;
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·
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persons
that have a functional currency other than the U.S.
dollar;
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·
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persons
who own, or are deemed to own, 10% or more, determined by voting
power or
value, of the exchangeable shares;
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·
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persons
who acquire their exchangeable shares in exchange for Solano common
shares
that were acquired through share option or share purchase programs
or
other compensation arrangements;
and
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·
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any
person that will hold its exchangeable shares through a partnership
or
other pass-through entity.
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No
ruling
has been or will be sought from the Internal Revenue Service as to the tax
consequences of a retraction, redemption or purchase transaction, and the
following discussion is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the
courts. As a result, the Internal Revenue Service could adopt a contrary
position, and a contrary position could be sustained by a court.
We
urge
each person who will become a holder of exchangeable shares to consult his
or
her own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income and other tax consequences
of a retraction, redemption or purchase transaction to such holder.
For
purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” means a person who will become a
holder of exchangeable shares that is:
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a
citizen or resident of the United
States;
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a
corporation (or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal
income
tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United
States or any State or the District of
Columbia;
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·
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an
estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation
regardless of its source; or
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a
trust if it has validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person for
U.S.
federal income tax purposes or if a U.S. court can exercise primary
supervision over its administration, and one or more U.S. persons
have the
authority to control all of its substantial
decisions.
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A
“Non-U.S. Holder” is a holder other than a U.S. Holder.
If
a
partnership or other pass-through entity holds exchangeable shares, the tax
treatment of a member of the partnership or other pass-through entity will
generally depend upon the status of the member and the activities of the
partnership or other entity. Partnerships and other pass-through entities
holding exchangeable shares and their owners, should consult their tax advisors
regarding the tax consequences of a retraction, redemption or purchase
transaction to them.
Consequences
of a Retraction, Redemption or Purchase Transaction for U.S.
Holders
The
U.S.
federal income tax consequences of a retraction, redemption or purchase
transaction to U.S. Holders will depend on whether the exchangeable shares
together with their ancillary rights are treated as shares of Exchangeco stock
or shares of Gran Tierra common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The
exchangeable shares and their ancillary rights will be substantially equivalent
to shares of Gran Tierra common stock because the exchangeable shares will
(i)
have economic rights (e.g., the right to dividends and liquidating
distributions) and legal rights (e.g., voting rights) that are substantially
similar to the economic and legal rights of shares of Gran Tierra common stock,
and (ii) be allowed to convert, or forced to convert under certain circumstances
(e.g., the liquidation of Exchangeco or the passage of five years from the
closing of the arrangement) into shares of Gran Tierra common stock at a price
that will result in a holder receiving the same number of shares of Gran Tierra
common stock (adjusted for stock splits and stock dividends) that the holder
would have received at the time the arrangement was closed had the holder
exchanged Solano Shares for shares of Gran Tierra common stock in accordance
with terms of the arrangement agreement.
There
is
no direct authority addressing the proper characterization of financial
instruments with characteristics similar to the exchangeable shares and their
ancillary rights for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a consequence, it
is
not possible to determine whether the exchangeable shares will be treated as
shares of Exchangeco stock or shares of Gran Tierra common stock for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, and, accordingly, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP is
unable to express an opinion with respect to such treatment. Because the U.S.
federal income tax consequences of a retraction, redemption or purchase
transaction will depend on such treatment, it is only possible to describe
such
consequences in the alternative.
If
the
exchangeable shares and their ancillary rights are treated as shares of Gran
Tierra common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a retraction,
redemption or purchase transaction (in which exchangeable shares are exchanged
for shares of Gran Tierra common stock) should not be a taxable event.
If
the
exchangeable shares and their ancillary rights are not
treated
as shares of Gran Tierra common stock for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
then
subject to the discussion below in the section entitled “Passive Foreign
Investment Companies”, a retraction, redemption or purchase transaction will
generally have the following tax consequences:
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The
U.S. Holder will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference
between (i) the fair market value of the shares of Gran Tierra common
stock received and (ii) the holder’s adjusted tax basis in the
exchangeable shares surrendered;
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·
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The
aggregate tax basis in the shares of Gran Tierra common stock received
by
the U.S. Holder will generally equal the fair market value of such
shares;
and
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·
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The
holding period in the shares of Gran Tierra common stock received
by the
U.S. Holder will begin the day after the retraction, redemption or
purchase transaction.
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Gain
or
loss recognized will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder’s holding
period for the exchangeable shares surrendered exceeds one year on the day
of
the retraction, redemption or purchase transaction. The recognition and the
deductibility of capital losses are subject to limitations. U.S. Holders who
acquired multiple blocks of exchangeable shares at different prices or different
times should consult their tax advisors concerning the allocation of basis
and
holding period among such shares.
Passive
Foreign Investment Companies
In
general, if exchangeable shares held by a U.S. Holder are treated as shares
of
Exchangeco stock and as shares of a “passive foreign investment company”, gain
recognized on the retraction, redemption or purchase of exchangeable shares
will
be taxed under the passive foreign investment company “excess distribution
regime,” unless the U.S. Holder made a timely “qualified electing fund” election
or “mark-to-market” election. Under the excess distribution regime, federal
income tax on gain recognized would be calculated by allocating the gain ratably
to each day in the U.S. Holder’s holding period. Gain allocated to years
preceding the first year in which Exchangeco was a passive foreign investment
company in the U.S. Holder’s holding period and gain allocated to the year in
which the retraction, redemption or purchase of the shares occurred, would
be
treated as gain arising in the such year and taxed as ordinary income. Gain
allocated to all other years would be taxed at the highest ordinary income
tax
rate in effect for each of those years. Interest would be calculated and added
to the tax due as if the tax was due and payable with the tax returns filed
by
the U.S. Holder for those years.
Exchangeco
will be classified as a passive foreign investment company for any taxable
year
in which either: (a) 75 percent or more of its gross income was passive income;
or (b) 50 percent or more of the value of its average assets consisted of assets
that produced, or were held for the production of, passive income (passive
assets for this purpose includes cash and cash equivalents held as working
capital). Subject to certain limited exceptions, exchangeable shares held by
a
U.S. Holder at any time during a taxable year in which Exchangeco is a passive
foreign investment company will be treated as shares of a passive foreign
investment company in the hands of the holder for all subsequent years even
though Exchangeco does not meet the gross income or passive asset thresholds
necessary to be classified as a passive foreign investment company in a
subsequent year. Based on current estimates of Exchangeco’s gross income and
gross assets and the nature of its business, Exchangeco believes it will not
be
classified as a passive foreign investment company in the current year. The
status of Exchangeco in future years however, will depend on its income, assets
and activities in those years.
The
passive foreign investment company rules are extremely complex and could, if
they apply, have significant adverse effects on the taxation of gains recognized
by a U.S. Holder. Accordingly, U.S. Holders are strongly urged to consult their
tax advisors to determine the potential application of the passive foreign
investment company rules to their particular circumstances and any elections
available for alternative treatment under such rules.
Consequences
of a Retraction, Redemption or Purchase Transaction for Non-U.S.
Holders
If
the
exchangeable shares are treated as shares of Gran Tierra common stock for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, a retraction, redemption or purchase transaction
should not be a taxable transaction.
If
the
exchangeable shares are treated as shares of Exchangeco stock for U.S. federal
income tax purposes, gain or loss will be recognized on a retraction, redemption
or purchase transaction. A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to
U.S.
federal income tax on gain recognized on the exchange of exchangeable shares
for
shares of Gran Tierra common stock unless (i) the gain is effectively connected
with a trade or business conducted by such holder in the United States, or
(ii)
in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder who is a non resident alien individual, such
individual is present in the United States for 183 or more days in the taxable
year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met.
If
you
are a Non-U.S. Holder with gain described in (i) above, you may be required
to
pay tax on the net gain derived from the exchange at regular graduated U.S.
federal income tax rates, and corporate Non-U.S. Holders with gain described
in
(i) above may be subject to the branch profits tax at a statutory rate of 30%.
If you are an individual Non-U.S. Holder described in (ii) above, you may be
required to pay a flat 30% tax on gain derived from the exchange.
Information
Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
Pursuant
to tax treaties or certain other agreements, the U.S. Internal Revenue Service
may make its reports available to tax authorities in the recipient’s country of
residence.
Certain
noncorporate holders of exchangeable shares may be subject to backup
withholding, currently at a 28% rate, on amounts received pursuant to a
retraction, redemption or purchase transaction. Backup withholding generally
will not apply, however, to a holder of exchangeable shares who:
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furnishes
a correct taxpayer identification number and certifies that he, she
or it
is not subject to backup withholding on the substitute Internal Revenue
Service Form W-9 (or successor form) included in the letter of transmittal
to be delivered to the holders of exchangeable shares following a
retraction, redemption or purchase
transaction;
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provides
a certification of foreign status on Internal Revenue Service Form
W-8BEN
or other appropriate form; or
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is
otherwise exempt from backup
withholding.
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Any
amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be eligible for a refund
or allowed as a credit against a holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability,
provided the holder furnishes the required information to the Internal Revenue
Service.
EACH
HOLDER OF EXCHANGEABLE SHARES IS ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR
AS TO
PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES OF A RETRACTION, REDEMPTION OR PURCHASE TRANSACTION,
INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL OR NON-U.S. TAX
LAWS,
AND OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGES IN APPLICABLE LAWS.
The
validity of the securities being offered hereby will be passed upon by
Kummer
Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw & Ferrario.
EXPERTS
The
financial statements of Argosy Energy International, LP as of December 31,
2005 and 2004, and for each of the years then ended, have been incorporated
by
reference in this Prospectus herein in reliance upon the report of KPMG Ltda.,
independent public accountants, also incorporated by reference in this
Prospectus, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and
auditing. The studies to estimated proved oil reserves for the years 2003,
2004
and 2005 referred to therein were prepared by Huddleston & Co.,
Inc.
The
information regarding Gran Tierra’s oil and gas reserves incorporated by
reference in this Prospectus has been reviewed by Gaffney, Cline &
Associates, independent consultants.
The
consolidated financial statements of Solana Resources Limited incorporated
in
this Prospectus by reference to the Joint
Management Information Circular and Proxy Statement filed
by
Gran Tierra on Schedule 14A on September 9,
2008,
have
been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, independent registered chartered
accountants, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by
reference. Such financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance
upon
the report of of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting
and auditing.
The
information regarding Solana’s oil and gas reserves incorporated by reference in
this Prospectus has been reviewed by DeGolyer and MacNaughton Canada
Limited.
WHERE
YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We
file
annual and quarterly reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. You may read and obtain copies
of
this information by mail from the Public Reference Room of the SEC, 100 F
Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates.
Further information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room in
Washington, D.C. can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Our
Internet website is www.grantierra.com.
On the
Investor Relations page of that website, we provide access to all of our reports
and amendments to these reports that we furnish or file with the SEC free of
charge as soon as reasonably practicable after filing with the SEC.
Additionally, our SEC filings are available at the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov).
Our
common stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol GTE
and
on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol GTE. In addition, reports, proxy
statements and other information concerning our company can be inspected at
our
offices at 300, 611-10th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0B2. Our
Internet website at www.grantierra.com
contains
information concerning us. The information at our Internet website is not
incorporated in this prospectus by reference, and you should not consider it
a
part of this prospectus.
The
SEC
allows us to ‘incorporate by reference’ the information contained in documents
that we file with them, which means that we can disclose important information
to you by referring to those documents. The information incorporated by
reference is considered to be part of this prospectus. Information in this
prospectus modifies or supersedes information incorporated by reference that
we
filed with the SEC prior to the date of this prospectus, and information that
we
file later with the SEC also will automatically update and supersede this
information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, any filings
we will make with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the
Exchange Act after the date we filed the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part and before the effective date of the registration statement
and any future filings we will make with the SEC under those
sections.
We
incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any documents that
we
file in the future with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13 (c), 14 or 15(d) of
the
Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and before the completion of
the
offering (other than current reports furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01
of
Form 8-K):
|
1.
|
Our
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007,
filed
with the SEC on March 14, 2008, as amended by Form 10-K/A, filed
with the
SEC on May 12, 2008;
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|
2.
|
Our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008,
filed
with the SEC on May 12, 2008, as amended by Form 10-Q/A, filed with
the
SEC on May 13, 2008;
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|
3.
|
Our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2008,
filed
with the SEC on August 11, 2008;
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|
4.
|
Our
Current Reports on Form 8-K and Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on
January
15, 2008, January 22, 2008, January 30, 2008, February 28, 2008,
March 5,
2008, March 6, 2008, March 11, 2008, March 27, 2008, March 28, 2008,
April
7, 2008, April 8, 2008, April 11, 2008, April 24, 2008, May 12, 2008,
June
17, 2008, July 8, 2008, July 10, 2008, July 29, 2008 (reflecting
disclosures under Items 8.01 and 9.01), August 1, 2008, and August
22,
2008;
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5.
|
Our
Preliminary Joint Management Information Circular and Proxy Statement
filed
by Gran Tierra on Schedule 14A,
filed with the SEC on September 9, 2008;
and
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6.
|
The
description of our capital stock set forth in our Form 8-K filed
with the
SEC on April 7, 2008, as updated by the description under “Description of
Capital Stock” set forth in Post-Effective Amendment Number 3 to
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-140171)
filed
with the SEC on May 21, 2008.
|
We
will
furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or
all
of the documents incorporated by reference, including exhibits to these
documents. You should direct any requests for documents to Martin Eden,
Secretary, 300,
611-10th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2R 0B2. telephone number
(403) 265-3221.
PART
II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item
14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The
expenses to be paid by us in connection with the distribution of the securities
being registered are as set forth in the following table. All amounts shown
are
estimates except for the Securities and Exchange Commission registration
fee.
SEC
registration fee
|
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$
|
22,041
|
|
Legal
fees and expenses
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10,000
|
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Accounting
fees and expenses
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10,000
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|
Trustee
fees and expenses
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|
5,000
|
|
Miscellaneous
expenses
|
|
|
2,959
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
50,000
|
|
Item
15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under
Nevada law, a corporation shall indemnify a director or officer against
expenses, including attorneys’ fees, actually and reasonably incurred by him, to
the extent the director or officer has been successful on the merits or
otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding. A corporation may
indemnify a director or officer who was or is a party or is threatened to be
made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding,
whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, against expenses,
including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement
actually and reasonably incurred by him/her in connection with the action,
suit
or proceeding. Excepted from that immunity are:
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•
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|
a
willful failure to deal fairly with the company or its stockholders
in
connection with a matter in which the director has a material conflict
of
interest;
|
|
•
|
|
a
violation of criminal law (unless the director had reasonable cause
to
believe that his or her conduct was lawful or no reasonable cause
to
believe that his or her conduct was unlawful);
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|
•
|
|
a
transaction from which the director derived an improper personal
profit;
and
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|
•
|
|
willful
misconduct.
|
Our
bylaws include an indemnification provision under which we have the power to
indemnify our directors, officers, employees and former officers, directors
and
employees (including heirs and personal representatives) to the fullest extent
permitted under Nevada law.
Item
16. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
|
Description
|
|
|
2.1
|
Arrangement
Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2008, by and among Gran Tierra Energy
Inc., Solana Resources Limited and Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc.
(incorporated
by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed
with
the SEC on August 1, 2008).*
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2.2
|
Plan
of Arrangement, including appendices (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit
A to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the
SEC on
August 1, 2008).
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5.1
|
Opinion
of Kummer
Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw & Ferrario with
respect to the legality of the securities registered
hereunder.
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8.1
|
Opinion
of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP
with respect to material United States federal income tax consequences
of
the securities registered hereunder.
|
8.2
|
Opinion
of Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP with respect to material Canadian
federal income tax consequences relating to the securities registered
hereunder.
|
23.1
|
Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
|
23.2
|
Consent
of Kummer
Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw & Ferrario(included
in Exhibit 5.1).
|
23.3
|
Consent
of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.
(included in Exhibit 8.1).
|
23.4
|
Consent
of Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP. (included in Exhibit
8.2).
|
23.5
|
Consent
of Gaffney, Cline and Associates
|
23.6
|
Consent
of KPMG Ltda
|
23.7
|
Consent
of Huddleston & Co. Inc.
|
23.8
|
Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP
|
23.9
|
Consent
of DeGolyer and MacNaughton Canada Limited.
|
23.10
|
Consent
of GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd.
|
24.1
|
Powers
of Attorney (included on signature page to Registration
Statement)
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|
Schedules
have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K.
Gran Tierra undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the
omitted schedules upon request by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
|
Item
17. Undertakings
The
undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:
(a) To
file,
during any period in which offers or sale are being made, a post-effective
amendment to this Registration Statement:
(i) to
include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of Securities Act of
1933;
(ii) to
reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date
of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment
thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the Registration Statement. Notwithstanding
the
foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the
total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was
registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum
offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate,
the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20% change in the
maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration
Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
(iii) to
include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to
such information in the Registration Statement;
Provided,
however, that paragraph (a)(i) and (a)(ii) do not apply if the information
required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is
contained in periodic reports filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13
or
Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated
by
reference in the Registration Statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus
filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration
statement.
(b) That,
for
the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such
post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide
offering
thereof.
(c) To
remove
from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities
being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the
offering.
(d) That,
for
the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any
purchaser:
(i) Each
prospectus filed by a Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed
to
be part of the Registration Statement as of the date the filed prospectus was
deemed part of and included in the Registration Statement; and
(ii) Each
prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7)
as
part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an
offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii) or (x) for the purpose of
providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of
1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement
as
of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after
effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the
offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability
purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter,
such
date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the Registration Statement
relating to the securities in the Registration Statement to which the prospectus
relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to
be
the initial bona
fide
offering
thereof. Provided,
however,
that no
statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
Registration Statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated
by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of
the
Registration Statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale
prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made
in
the Registration Statement or prospectus that was part of the Registration
Statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective
date.
(e) That,
for
the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the Securities
Act
of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the
Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the Registrant
pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method
used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered
or
sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the
Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer
or
sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) Any
preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the Registrant relating to the offering
required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) Any
free
writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the
Registrant or used or referred to by the Registrant;
(iii) The
portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing
material information about an undersigned Registrant or its securities provided
by or on behalf of an undersigned Registrant; and
(iv) Any
other
communication that is an offer in the offering made by an undersigned Registrant
to the purchaser.
(f) That,
for
purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each
filing of the Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) off
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of
an
employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the
registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities
at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona
fide
offering
thereof.
(g) Insofar
as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933
may
be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant
pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such
indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act
of
1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the
Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or
proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in
connection with the securities being registered, that the Registrant will,
unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling
precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question of whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such
issue.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly
caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Calgary, Province of
Alberta, Canada on the 3rd
day of
September, 2008.
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Gran
Tierra Energy Inc.
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By:
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/s/
Dana Coffield
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Name:
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Dana
Coffield
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Title:
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President
and Chief Executive Officer
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POWER
OF ATTORNEY
KNOW
ALL
PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below
constitutes and appoints Dana Coffield and Martin Eden, and each of them, as
his
or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of
substitution and re-substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place
and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including
post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement, and to sign any
registration statement for the same offering covered by the Registration
Statement that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b)
promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933 and to file the same, with all
exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and
agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and
every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith
and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might
or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said
attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their, his or her substitute
or
substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has
been
signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
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Title
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Date
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/s/
Dana Coffield
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President,
Chief Executive Officer, Director
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September
3, 2008
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Dana
Coffield
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(Principal
Executive Officer)
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/s/
Martin Eden
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Chief
Financial Officer
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September
3, 2008
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Martin
Eden
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(Principal
Financial Officer and Accounting
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Officer)
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/s/
Jeffrey Scott
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Chairman
of the Board of Directors
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September
3, 2008
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Jeffrey
Scott
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/s/
Walter Dawson
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Director
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September
3, 2008
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Walter
Dawson
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/s/
Verne Johnson
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Director
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September
3, 2008
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Verne
Johnson
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/s/
Nicholas G. Kirton
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Director
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September
3, 2008
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Nicholas
G. Kirton
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INDEX
TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
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Description
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2.1
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Arrangement
Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2008, by and among Gran Tierra Energy
Inc., Solana Resources Limited and Gran Tierra Exchangeco Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on
Form
8-K, filed with the SEC on August 1, 2008).*
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2.2
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Plan
of Arrangement, including appendices (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit
A to Exhibit 2.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the
SEC on
August 1, 2008).
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5.1
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Opinion
of Kummer Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw & Ferrario with respect to the
legality of the securities registered hereunder.
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8.1
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Opinion
of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP with respect to material United States
federal income tax consequences of the securities registered
hereunder.
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8.2
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Opinion
of Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP with respect to material Canadian
federal income tax consequences relating to the securities registered
hereunder.
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23.1
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Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP.
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23.2
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Consent
of Kummer Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw & Ferrario(included in Exhibit
5.1).
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23.3
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Consent
of Cooley Godward Kronish LLP. (included in Exhibit
8.1).
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23.4
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Consent
of Blake Cassels & Graydon LLP. (included in Exhibit
8.2).
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23.5
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Consent
of Gaffney, Cline and Associates
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23.6
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Consent
of KPMG Ltda
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23.7
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Consent
of Huddleston & Co. Inc.
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23.8
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Consent
of Deloitte & Touche LLP
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23.9
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Consent
of DeGolyer and MacNaughton Canada Limited.
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23.10
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GLJ
Petroleum Consultants Ltd.
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24.1
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Consent
of Powers of Attorney (included on signature page to Registration
Statement)
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*
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Schedules
have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K.
Gran Tierra undertakes to furnish supplemental copies of any of the
omitted schedules upon request by the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
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