e6vk
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the month of September, 2010
PRUDENTIAL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
(Translation of registrants name into English)
LAURENCE POUNTNEY HILL,
LONDON, EC4R 0HH, ENGLAND
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover
Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F þ Form 40-F o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form
is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes o No þ
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with
Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
September 7, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRUDENTIAL PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Clive Burns
|
|
|
|
Clive Burns |
|
|
|
Head of Group Secretariat |
|
|
2010 Half Year Financial Report
THERES MORE TO PRUDENTIAL
HK Stock Code: 2378
Contents
OVERVIEW
3 Results summary
4 Group Chief Executives report
BUSINESS REVIEW
8 Chief Financial Officers overview
26 Risk and capital management
30 Business unit review:
Insurance operations: Asia, US, UK
Asset management: M&G, Asia, US
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
45 European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results
50 Notes on the EEV basis results
79 Total insurance and investment products new business
81 International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
basis results
89 Notes on the IFRS basis results
147 Statement of directors responsibilities
148 Combined IFRS basis results and EEV basis results report
Independent review report to Prudential plc
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
150 Risk factors
154 Corporate governance
154 Significant shareholdings
155 Option schemes
157 Disclosure of interests of directors
161 Shareholder information
163 How to contact us
For further information please visit www.prudentialreports.com/2010hy
OVERVIEW
Theres more to Prudential
In the first half of 2010 we continued to deliver a strong performance,
achieving high levels of sales growth and new business profits. Our strategy of
consistently allocating capital to the geographies and products that deliver the
highest returns is continuing to deliver positive results. Our rates of return
in Asia remain high, we are driving profitable growth in the US, our focused
strategy in the UK continues to deliver amongst the highest margins in the
sector, as well as being cash generative, and our asset management businesses
continue to perform very well.
We expect the momentum that we have seen in our businesses during the first half
to be sustained during the rest of the year. As we look further ahead, beyond
the second half, we are well positioned to continue to deliver strong growth and
generate strong returns for our shareholders, thanks to our operational focus
and strong market positions.
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Annual premium equivalent new business premiums1
+28%
Half year 2010 £1,655m Half year 2009 £1,292m
European Embedded Value operating profit
+35%
Half year 2010 £1,677m Half year 2009 £1,246m
European Embedded Value new business profit1
+27%
Half year 2010 £892m Half year 2009 £700m
International Financial Reporting Standards operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns2
+41%
Half year 2010 £968m Half year 2009 £688m
External funds under management
+33%
Half year 2010 £96bn Half year 2009 £72bn
2009 comparatives are at Actual Exchange Rates (AER).
Notes
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
2 The Group IFRS operating profit of £968 million includes £123
million of net equity hedging gains (2009: £23 million losses) representing
the movement in fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating
profit and the movement in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons
variable and fixed index annuity products, a significant proportion of which are
not fair valued, net of related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable
in nature, Group IFRS operating profit increased by 19 per cent as compared to
half year 2009.
1
Results summary
*Basis of preparation
Results bases
The EEV basis results have been prepared in accordance with the European
Embedded Value Principles issued by the CFO Forum of European Insurance
Companies in May 2004. Life insurance products are, by their nature, long-term
and the profit on this business is generated over a significant number of years.
Accounting under IFRS alone does not, in Prudentials opinion, fully
reflect the value of future profit streams. Prudential considers that embedded
value reporting provides investors with a measure of the future profit streams
of the Groups in-force long-term businesses and is a valuable supplement
to statutory accounts. With the exception of the presentation of the new
business results of the Japan life operation which ceased writing new business
in February 2010 there has been no change to the basis of presentation of the
EEV results from the 2009 results and financial statements.
With the exception of the adoption of IFRS 3 (Revised) on business combinations,
the basis of preparation of the statutory IFRS basis results and supplementary
IFRS basis information is consistent with that applied for the 2009 results and
financial statements.
Exchange translation
The comparative results have been prepared using previously reported exchange
rates, except where otherwise stated.
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
Consistent with previous reporting practice, the Group analyses its EEV basis
results and provides supplementary analysis of IFRS profit before tax
attributable to shareholders, so as to distinguish operating profit based on
longer-term investment returns from other elements of total profit. On both the
EEV and IFRS bases, operating earnings per share are calculated using operating
profits based on longer-term investment returns, after related tax and
non-controlling interests.
These profits exclude short-term fluctuations in investment returns and the
shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes. The operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
for 2010 also excludes the costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction.
In addition, similarly and consistently with the presentation in 2009, the
effect of disposal and the results of the Taiwan agency business are shown
separate from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns for half
year 2009 and full year 2009.
Under the EEV basis, where additional profit and loss effects arise, operating
profit based on longer-term investment returns also excludes the mark-to-market
value movements on core borrowings and the effect of changes in economic
assumptions and changes in the time value of cost of options and guarantees
arising from changes in economic factors.
After adjusting for related tax and non-controlling interests, the amounts
excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns are
included in the calculation of basic earnings per share.
Insurance Groups Directive capital surplus (as adjusted)
The estimated surpluses shown for half year 2010 and half year 2009 are before
allowing for the interim dividends for 2010 and 2009 respectively. The surplus
for full year 2009 is before the 2009 second interim dividend.
2 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
OVERVIEW
Results summary
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results*
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Asian operations 669 417 1,154
US operations 682 503 1,237
UK operations:
UK insurance operations 472 433 921
M&G 143 102 238
Other income and expenditure (262) (195) (433)
Restructuring and Solvency II implementation costs (27) (14) (27)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns* 1,677 1,246 3,090
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (227) (707) 351
Mark-to-market value movements on core borrowings (42) (108) (795)
Shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes (25) (71) (84)
Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost
of options and guarantees (52) (384) (910)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (377) - -
Profit on sale and results of Taiwan agency business - 91 91
Profit from continuing operations before tax
(including actual investment returns) 954 67 1,743
Operating earnings per share* (reflecting operating profit based
on longer-term investment returns after related tax and
non-controlling interests) 48.0p 35.4p 88.8p
Shareholders equity, excluding non-controlling interests £16.7bn £13.7bn £15.3bn
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results*
Statutory IFRS basis results
2010 2009
Half year Half year Full year
Profit/(loss) after tax attributable to equity holders of the Company £442m £(254)m £676m
Basic earnings per share 17.5p (10.2)p 27.0p
Shareholders equity, excluding non-controlling interests £7.2bn £4.7bn £6.3bn
Supplementary IFRS basis information
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns* 9681 688 1,405
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business 26 (80) 36
Shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined
benefit pension schemes (24) (63) (74)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (377) - -
Loss on sale and results of Taiwan agency business - (621) (621)
Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax attributable to
shareholders 593 (76) 746
Operating earnings per share* (reflecting operating profit based
on longer-term investment returns after related tax and
non-controlling interests) 28.6p 20.5p 43.4p
2010 2009
Half year Half year Full year
Dividends per share declared and paid in reporting period 13.56p 12.91p 19.20p
Dividends per share relating to reporting period 6.61p 6.29p 19.85p
Funds under management £309bn £245bn £290bn
Insurance Groups Directive capital surplus (as adjusted)* £3.4bn £2.5bn £3.4bn
* See page 2.
Note
1 The Group IFRS operating profit of £968 million includes £123
million of net equity hedging gains (half year 2009: £23 million losses;
full year 2009: £159 million losses) representing the movement in fair
value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the movement
in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons variable and fixed index
annuity products, a significant proportion of which are not fair valued, net of
related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable in nature, Group IFRS
operating profit increased by 19 per cent as compared to half year 2009.
3
Group Chief Executives report
Tidjane Thiam
Group Chief Executive
GROUP CHIEF EXECUTIVEs
REPORT
I am pleased to report that Prudential continued to perform strongly in the
first half of 2010, achieving high levels of sales growth and new business
profits.
Our determination to consistently allocate capital to the geographies and
products that deliver the highest returns for our shareholders is continuing to
deliver positive results. Our rates of return in Asia remain high, we are
driving profitable growth in the US, our focused strategy in the UK continues to
deliver amongst the highest margins in the sector, as well as being cash
generative, and our asset management businesses continue to perform very well.
The results we are reporting today show considerable growth on the first half of
2009, a period of marked economic dislocation. To better assess the long-term
progress of the business, it is also useful to compare our performance during
the first half of 2010 with our results in the first half of 2008, a period of
relatively favourable economic and market conditions. Since the first half of
2008, new business profits have grown by 59 per cent1, EEV operating profit
before tax by 24 per cent and IFRS operating profit before tax by 37 per cent,
excluding US hedging gains in both periods.
The first half of this year has also seen us maintain our robust capital
position of £3.4 billion (31 December 2009: £3.4 billion) despite the
payment of the 2009 final dividend and the AIA transaction costs.
AIA transaction
Alongside the strong performance of the business, the first half of 2010 was
dominated by our proposed acquisition of AIA, the Asian arm of AIG. The Board
unanimously believed that this acquisition represented a unique opportunity to
significantly amplify and accelerate our successful strategy in Asia. It was an
opportunity which was available to us only because of the quality and standing
of the Group.
On 1 March 2010 we announced we had reached agreement with AIG to acquire AIA.
We subsequently re-negotiated a lower price with the AIG management in May. This
revised bid was supported by AIGs executive management. However, the Board
of AIG decided not to sell AIA to us and as a result the agreement was
terminated on 3 June 2010. We very much regret that this transaction did not
proceed and that costs were incurred.
Note
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
4 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
OVERVIEW
ACCELERATING
Asia Pages 30-33
THEREs MORE TO PRUDENTIAL
Our strategy of consistently allocating capital to the geographies and products
that deliver the highest returns is continuing to deliver positive results.
Our rates of return in Asia remain high, we are driving profitable growth in the US,
our focused strategy in the UK continues to deliver amongst the highest margins
in the sector, as well as being cash generative, and our asset management
businesses continue to perform very well.
The total cost to the Group from terminating the agreement, including the
associated US dollar hedging programme, was £377 million pre-tax, and
£284 million post expected tax relief. These costs comprised: the break fee
of £153 million paid to AIG; foreign exchange hedge cost of £100
million; underwriting fees of £58 million; and adviser fees of £66
million, less expected tax relief of £93 million. Our prudent initial
estimate that the pre-tax costs would be £450 million was reduced as we
closed the foreign exchange hedging positions and worked with our suppliers and
advisers to minimise costs. The costs associated with the transaction will not
impact the Groups dividend policy.
While the proposed AIA transaction was high profile and attracted a great deal
of interest, the Group continued to perform strongly. I would like to take this
opportunity to thank our employees across the Group for their hard work and
continued commitment to our customers throughout this challenging period.
Group performance
We continue to manage the Group with a balance across the three metrics of
Embedded Value, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and cash, as
we believe this is the best way to generate value for our shareholders over the
long-term.
On the European Embedded Value (EEV) basis, Group operating profit
before tax increased by 35 per cent over 2009, to £1,677 million (2009:
£1,246 million). New business profit for the period was £892 million,
an increase of 27 per cent (2009: £700 million), and the average margin
across the Group was maintained at 54 per cent (2009: 54 per cent), excluding
Japan where we stopped writing new business this year.
In achieving this growth in new business profit, our absolute investment in new
business remained broadly flat compared to the first half of 2009 at £337
million (2009: £319 million). This demonstrates a marked increase in our
capital efficiency as our sales grew significantly during the same period. We
continued to focus on the opportunities with the highest returns, lowest capital
requirements and shortest payback periods.
Our IFRS operating profit before tax from continuing operations increased by 41
per cent in the first half of 2010 to £968 million (2009: £688
million). These results include £123 million of variable equity hedge gains
in our US operations (2009: equity hedge losses of £23 million). Excluding
these variable hedge gains, there was an increase of 19 per cent in the first
half of 2010 to £845 million (2009: £711 million), which is a better
reflection of our underlying performance over the previous year and constitutes
excellent progress.
Asset management net inflows were £4.4 billion (2009: £10.1 billion).
Although this is down against the same period last year, which saw exceptional
inflows into M&Gs bond funds as a result of the financial crisis,
this remains a leading performance driven by continuing strong inflows into
M&Gs retail funds.
As a key indicator of our ability to generate cash and capital, the free
surplus in the life and asset management operations increased to
£3.2 billion, up from £2.5 billion at the end of 2009 and
£0.9 billion at the end of 2008. Embedded value shareholders funds
increased nine per cent to £16.7 billion (2009: £15.3 billion) and
IFRS shareholders funds rose 14 per cent to £7.2 billion (2009: £6.3
billion).
Capital and risk management
As a consequence of our actions and ongoing operational performance, the capital
position of the Group remains robust. Using the regulatory measure of the
Insurance Groups Directive (IGD), the Groups capital surplus was estimated
at £3.4 billion at 30 June 2010 (before any allowance for the 2010 interim
dividend). The Groups required capital is covered 2.7 times by available
capital. This positions us as one of the best capitalised insurers.
Interim dividend
Given the sound financial position of the Group, and our continuing strong
financial performance, the Board has agreed an increase of five per cent in the
interim dividend to 6.61 pence per share (2009: 6.29 pence). The Board remains
committed to a growing dividend policy, with the level of dividend determined
after taking into account the Groups financial requirements, including
opportunities to invest in the business at attractive returns. As previously
stated, the Board believes that in the medium-term a dividend cover of around
two times is appropriate.
Group Chief Executives report continued
STRENGTHENING
United States Pages 34-35
FOCUSING
United Kingdom Pages 36-37
Hong Kong and Singapore listings
On 25 May 2010, we announced the listing of our ordinary shares on the main
board of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited as a dual primary listing
alongside our primary listing of ordinary shares in London. In addition, we also
listed our ordinary shares on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited.
The listings were by way of introduction, with no new shares being issued or
sold to the public or investors, and over the longer-term will offer a wider
range of investors the opportunity to invest in Prudential. These listings
further underline the Groups long-term commitment to Asia, deepening our
presence in the regions dynamic business environment and raising our
profile with governments, local business communities and our customers and
staff.
Our strategy
We have managed the Group to a clear and consistent strategy, applying rigorous
operating principles. We have continued to (i) prioritise our highly profitable
growth in Asia, (ii) put an emphasis on growth and cash generation in the US,
(iii) focus on sustainable cash generation in the UK ahead of growth and (iv),
in our asset management businesses, focus on generating strong investment
performance, which is the foundation of our ability to attract flows and
increase assets under management.
By maintaining our discipline in the implementation of this strategy, allocating
capital to the most attractive markets and products, and managing proactively
risk and capital, we believe we can continue to generate sustainable and
differentiated value for our shareholders. Over the past two years our strategy
has proven its worth under the most testing conditions, and it has continued to
deliver a very good performance amid the improving global conditions experienced
in the first half of 2010.
Many of the highest return opportunities are in Asia. We find the emerging
markets of South-East Asia - such as Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore and Malaysia,
together with Hong Kong - particularly attractive. These remain the priority
destination for our marginal capital investment. Even within Asia, we remain
committed to focusing our capital on the areas with the highest returns. This
disciplined and pragmatic approach led us to decide to stop writing new business
in Japan at the start of 2010. In a sector where distribution is key, we have
been growing and diversifying our distribution, including increasing our agency
workforce and completing a long-term strategic bancassurance partnership with
United Overseas Bank Limited (UOB).
In the US, the worlds largest retirement market, we continue
to see opportunities for high returns. During the first half of 2010,
the US financial services industry remained under pressure.
This created opportunities for us, with our strong financial ratings and product
set. We have established a reputation as a high-quality and reliable business
partner. We remain focused on increasing volumes profitably in variable
annuities, whilst managing fixed annuity sales in line with our strategy of
capital efficiency.
The UK is a mature market with lower growth and lower returns than are available
to us elsewhere in the Groups portfolio. By maintaining a balance between
writing profitable new business and generating surplus cash, the Group is able
to invest the surplus cash we generate in the UK into markets with higher
returns. Our financial performance in the UK provides strong support to our
credit rating at a Group level and continues to be a significant contributor to
our overall performance.
Our asset management businesses provide high quality profits and cash,
have limited capital requirements and are central to the successful
delivery of our strategy, as investment returns are at the core of
our value proposition to our customers.
Our operating performance
Our operating model enables each of our businesses to stay close to their
customers, by identifying and developing the specific product and distribution
mix most suited to their particular market and customer base. Our aim in all our
markets is to have a suite of savings, income and protection products that
deliver good value and meet customers needs in a profitable and capital
efficient manner.
Looking at the operating performance of each of our business units, I am pleased
to report a strong performance in the first half of 2010.
Prudential Corporation Asia
The Asia life insurance sector has done well during the first half as the region
recovered from the economic downturn. Our approach remains to expand our
distribution reach via our proprietary agency distribution and through
partnerships, together with a continued focus on improving our productivity.
Agency remains the main distribution channel and agent numbers continue to grow.
Bank distribution has performed well and is growing, with our new partnership
with UOB already generating significant sales. This is important for the future,
as the banking distribution channel will grow, as the region becomes wealthier
and banking penetration increases.
6 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
OVERVIEW
OPTIMISING
Asset mangament Pages 38-42
For further information please visit www.prudentialreports.com/2010hy
In line with the Groups strategy, we continue to manage proactively and
rigorously our investment in new business, focusing on value creation,
particularly with high margin regular premium business. New business written in
the period has an average internal rate of return (IRR) in excess of 20 per cent
and an average payback period of three years.
Jackson National Life
We continue to benefit from the market observed in the US in 2008 and 2009. Our
focus remains on increasing volumes profitably in variable annuities whilst
managing proactively the level of our fixed annuity sales and maintaining
pricing discipline. In light of the continued volatility in US equity markets
and low interest rates, customers continue to seek to mitigate equity risk while
receiving an acceptable return through the purchase of variable and fixed
annuities with guaranteed benefits. We have continued to expand the number of
advisers appointed to sell our products, building on the 35 per cent increase in
adviser numbers in 2009. We have also continued to invest in the bancassurance
channel, which has been expanded recently through agreements with new
distribution partners including Merrill Lynch.
As expected, new business margins reduced to 64 per cent from the exceptional
level of 74 per cent in the same period in 2009. This was anticipated as the
corporate bond market recovered, the abnormally high spreads in 2009 normalised
and our competitors progressively recovered from the 2008/2009 market
dislocation. Nevertheless, business conditions remain favourable and we continue
to write new business at an IRR in excess of 20 per cent with an average payback
of two years.
Prudential UK and Europe
Our UK business is a valuable part of the Group and a market leader in both
individual annuities and with-profits. In the first half we maintained a focus
on balancing writing new business, with cash and capital generation,
successfully delivering attractive returns on capital employed. Our business in
the UK is disciplined, generating very attractive returns relative to the
market.
During the first half of 2010, we continued to actively manage sales
volumes to control capital consumption, with new business concentrated in the
retail markets. We have maintained a strict focus on value in the bulk annuity
and back-book markets and wrote no new business in this area during the period.
The weighted average post-tax IRR on the shareholder capital allocated to new
business growth was in excess of 15 per cent and the average free surplus
undiscounted payback period was five years.
Asset Management
Our asset management businesses have continued to capitalise on their leading
market positions and strong track records in investment performance. In the UK,
M&G has been the leading net seller of retail funds for six consecutive
quarters, driven by excellent investment performance. Over the three years
ending 30 June 2010, 34 per cent of M&Gs retail funds ranked in the
top quartile and 66 per cent in the top half. M&G continues to add value to
the Group by generating attractive returns on internal funds as well as growing
profits from the management of third-party assets.
In Asia, the first half performance of our asset management business has been
very strong, with a significant increase in profitability. Given the increasing
wealth in the region, we see asset management as a very attractive opportunity.
Outlook
We have significant opportunities for profitable growth and the financial
strength to take advantage of those opportunities. We are cautious about the
outlook for the western economies. However, our Asian business gives us a
material and powerful presence in the most attractive markets in our industry,
and one that will continue to underpin our growth.
So we view the future with confidence. We expect the momentum that we have seen
in our businesses during the first half to be sustained during the rest of the
year. As we look further ahead, beyond the second half, we are well positioned
to continue to deliver strong growth and generate strong returns for our
shareholders, thanks to our operational focus and strong market positions.
7
Chief Financial Officers overview
Nic Nicandrou
Chief Financial Officer
CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERs OVERVIEW
Prudentials strong performance in the first six months of 2010, as shown
in our results below, reflects the successful execution of the Groups
strategy and builds on the momentum seen in 2009. We have continued to balance
profitable growth, capital conservation and cash generation to both preserve our
financial strength and improve our long-term profitability.
The 2010 half year results underline our value focus with all of our business
operations reporting profitability improvements. In line with our disciplined
approach of investing our capital in those markets and products with the highest
return and shortest payback periods, we focused our efforts on the Asian region
(particularly South-East Asia) and the US variable annuity business. New
business APE sales1 rose 28 per cent compared with the same period last year,
with new business sales in Asia1 and the US rising by 36 per cent and 43 per
cent respectively. EEV new business profits rose by 27 per cent in the first six
months of 2010 with the capital being invested in new business increasing by
only six per cent. This sustained focus on new business cash and capital coupled
with strong management of our in-force book has seen us improve our operating
free surplus generated by 63 per cent and maintain a strong IGD solvency capital
position.
We remain cautious on the global economic outlook, in particular for the mature
western economies where continuing levels of consumer and government debt and
unemployment threaten the prospects for a return to higher growth. However, Asia
appears to be more resilient and in the first six months of 2010 Prudential has
benefited from the recovery in markets in the region and our strong Asian
franchise. Against this backdrop, we are confident that our disciplined approach
to value and capital, coupled with our advantaged product and geographic
business footprint, will continue to deliver relative outperformance for our
shareholders.
Note
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
8 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Performance and key metrics
AER CER AER
Half year Half year Half year Full year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change 2009
£m £m % £m % £m
New business excluding Japan note 1
Annual premium equivalent (APE) sales:
- Asia 713 524 36 555 28 1,209
- US 560 392 43 383 46 912
- UK 382 376 2 376 2 723
- Total APE sales 1,655 1,292 28 1,314 26 2,844
EEV new business profit (NBP) 892 700 27 711 25 1,619
NBP margin (% APE) 54% 54% 54% 57%
Net investment flows 4,376 10,069 (56) 10,179 (57) 15,417
External funds under management 96,015 72,336 33 74,751 28 89,780
EEV basis operating profit
On long-term business notes 2, 3 1,749 1,303 34 1,309 34 3,202
Total 1,677 1,246 35 1,252 34 3,090
IFRS operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns note 3 968* 688 41* 695 39 1,405
Balance sheet and capital
EEV basis shareholders funds 16.7bn 13.7bn 22 14.7bn 14 15.3bn
EEV basis shareholders funds per share 657p 544p 21 583p 13 603p
Annualised return on embedded value note 6 16% 12% 15%
IFRS shareholders funds 7.2bn 4.7bn 53 5.0bn 44 6.3bn
IGD capital surplus (as adjusted) note 4 3.4bn 2.5bn 36 3.4bn
Free surplus- Investment in new business,
excluding Japan notes 1, 5 337m 319m 6 319m 6 660m
Operating free surplus generated note 7 947m 581m 63 584m 62 1,414m
Operating holding company cash flow 24m 22m 9 38m
Dividend per share relating to the reporting year 6.61p 6.29p 5 6.29p 5 19.85p
* The Group IFRS operating profit of £968 million includes £123
million of net equity hedging gains (half year 2009: £23 million losses;
full year 2009: £159 million losses) representing the movement in fair
value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the movement
in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons variable and fixed index
annuity products, a significant proportion of which are not fair valued, net of
related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable in nature, Group IFRS
operating profit increased by 19 per cent as compared to half year 2009.
Notes
1 New business sales, profits and free surplus invested in new business exclude
the results of the Japanese life operation which ceased writing new business in
February 2010, and the results of the Taiwan agency business for which the sale
process was completed in June 2009.
2 Long-term business profits after deducting Asia development expenses and
before restructuring and Solvency II implementation costs.
3 Operating profits are determined on the basis of including longer-term
investment returns. EEV and IFRS operating profits are stated after excluding
the effect of short-term fluctuations in investment returns against long-term
assumptions, the shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on
defined benefit pension schemes, transaction costs arising from business
combinations in the period, costs associated with the terminated AIA
transaction, and the effect of disposal and results of the Taiwan agency
business, for which the sale process was completed in June 2009. In addition for
EEV basis results, operating profit excludes the effect of changes in economic
assumptions and the time value of cost of options and guarantees, and the market
value movement on core borrowings. In half year 2010 the IFRS operating profits
of Jackson National Life, the Groups US life operation included the
benefit of an unusually high level of net equity hedge gains of £123
million.
4 Insurance Groups Directive capital surplus (as adjusted). The estimated
surpluses shown for half year 2010 and half year 2009 are before allowing for
the interim dividends for 2010 and 2009 respectively. The surplus for full year
2009 is before the 2009 second interim dividend.
5 Free surplus - investment in new business represents the reduction in EEV net
worth together with EEV required capital to support the new business acquired.
6 Annualised return on embedded value is based on EEV operating profit after tax
and non-controlling interests as a percentage of opening EEV basis shareholders
funds. Half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two.
7 Operating free surplus generated comprises underlying free surplus generated
in the period from the Groups insurance and asset management operations
less investment in new business.
8 Actual Exchange Rate (AER) and Constant Exchange Rate (CER). In this review,
comparisons of financial performance are on an actual exchange rate (AER) basis,
unless otherwise stated.
9
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
In the first six months of 2010 Prudential has maintained the momentum seen in
2009, and delivered another strong performance thanks to a continued focus on
its core disciplines of value creation and capital conservation. This approach
delivered a step change in our new business profitability during 2009 whilst
modestly increasing sales. In the first six months of 2010, we have held on to
the 2009 margin gains while significantly growing our new business sales.
Central to this achievement is the active management of our portfolio of
products and businesses which, in 2010, saw us close to new business in Japan,
withdraw from selling new business in the lifetime mortgage market in the UK,
reduce our appetite for sales of fixed annuities in the US and target, instead,
sales in the highly profitable markets of South-East Asia (including Hong Kong)
and variable annuities in the US. Group APE new business sales1 were £1,655
million for half year 2010, 28 per cent higher than for half year 2009 on a
comparable basis. In Asia, sales were £713 million, up 36 per cent,
representing the strongest half year sales performance in our history, with
sales in our strategic area of focus of South-East Asia up 46 per cent to
£452 million. In the US, Jackson continued to focus on low capital
intensive variable annuity sales and its positive position in this market led to
a 43 per cent increase in retail sales at £560 million. In the UK, our
value focus delivered sales of £382 million, up two per cent relative to
2009 at improved margins.
We continue to see robust positive flows into our asset management businesses
with net investment flows of £4.4 billion year to date (2009: £10.1
billion) driven by strong retail flows for M&G. The exceptional net flows
in our M&G institutional fixed income funds and our Asian money market
funds observed in 2009 were not repeated in 2010. With these contributions and
recovering investment markets, external funds under management have increased by
£6.2 billion to £96.0 billion during the six months ended 30 June
2010.
In half year 2010, total EEV basis operating profits based on longer-term
investment returns of £1,677 million were up 35 per cent from half year
2009, with profitability from the Groups long-term business operations
increasing 34 per cent to £1,749 million, and asset management operating
profit being 55 per cent higher at £194 million reflecting higher funds
under management. Operating profit from long-term operations comprised new
business profit of £892 million, up 27 per cent compared to the same period
last year, in-force profits of £861 million, up 40 per cent, and negative
£4 million of other items including development expenses. Growth in new
business profits has tracked the higher sales volumes delivered at an overall
unchanged new business margin1 of 54 per cent.
Higher in-force profits reflect the growing maturity of the book and
improvements in experience, principally from Asia and the US. The unwind in
discount and expected returns was higher by £92 million to £773
million, while the combined effect of experience variances and operating
assumption changes was a contribution to profits of £88 million,
representing a £152 million improvement from the combined loss of £64
million last year.
Higher interest costs on core structural borrowings have led to an increase in
the charge from other income and expenditure in the period up £67 million
to £262 million. We also commenced the implementation of Solvency II across
the Group in the first half of 2010, incurring additional costs of £22
million in the period.
The total EEV profit before tax for half year 2010 of £954 million
compares to a profit of £67 million for half year 2009.
The falls in global equity markets and reduction in government yields during the
first six months of 2010 resulted in adverse investment related variances, which
were nevertheless, less severe than the equivalent period of 2009. The half year
2010 results are after £377 million (£284 million post-tax) of costs
incurred in connection with the terminated AIA transaction.
Our IFRS operating profit2 has increased by 41 per cent to £968 million.
This result was driven by higher profits from all of our life businesses with
long-term business operating profit up 40 per cent to £1,016 million, with
strong contributions from Asia and the US. In the US, the half year 2010
operating profits included the benefit of hedge gains, which are variable in
nature, arising from our management of equity exposure (net of related
amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) of £123 million. Excluding this
and the value of corresponding equivalent items in 2009, Group IFRS operating
profits increased by 19 per cent. Contributions from our asset management and
other non-long-term businesses increased by 43 per cent to £217 million
reflecting the continuing growth in funds under management and the market
improvement.
Operating holding company cash flow during the period was positive at £24
million. Net remittances from business operations were higher than last year at
£460 million (2009: £375 million), exceeding Group operating
expenditure of £118 million (2009: £127 million) and external
dividends paid net of scrip of £318 million (2009: £226 million). At
30 June 2010 holding company cash resources and short-term investments amounted
to £1,023 million. Furthermore, we have maintained the strong capital
position with an unchanged IGD surplus relative to end-2009 of £3.4
billion, equivalent to a cover of 270 per cent.
In view of the strong operational performance and in line with our dividend
policy, the Board has declared an interim dividend of 6.61 pence per share, five
per cent higher than the 2009 interim dividend. Hong Kong shareholders on the
Hong Kong branch register will receive a dividend of HK$0.8038, which equates to
the sterling value as translated at the exchange rate ruling at the close of
business on 11 August 20103.
Notes
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
2 The Group IFRS operating profit of £968 million includes £123
million of net equity hedging gains (2009: £23 million losses) representing
the movement in fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating
profit and the movement in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons
variable and fixed index annuity products, a significant proportion of which are
not fair valued, net of related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable
in nature, Group IFRS operating profit increased by 19 per cent as compared to
half year 2009.
3 The exchange rate at which the dividend payable to shareholders with shares in
Central Depository securities accounts will be translated into Singapore dollars
will be determined by the Central Depository.
10 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
EEV results
EEV basis operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
Insurance business
Asia 636 401 59 418 52
US 667 501 33 490 36
UK 449 406 11 406 11
Development expenses (3) (5) 40 (5) 40
Long-term business profit 1,749 1,303 34 1,309 34
UK general insurance commission 23 27 (15) 27 (15)
Asset management business:
M&G 143 102 40 102 40
Asia asset management 36 21 71 21 71
Curian 2 (3) 167 (3) 167
US broker dealer and asset management 13 5 160 5 160
1,966 1,455 35 1,461 35
Other income and expenditure (262) (195) 34 (195) 34
Solvency II implementation costs (22) - -
Restructuring costs (5) (14) (64) (14) (64)
Total EEV basis operating profit 1,677 1,246 35 1,252 34
In the first six months of 2010, Prudential Groups total EEV basis operating
profit based on longer-term investment returns was £1,677 million, an increase
of 35 per cent from the same period in 2009.
Long-term business profits generated by the Group increased by 34 per cent to
£1,749 million. These profits comprise:
New business profits1 of £892 million (2009: £700 million);
In-force profits of £861 million (2009: £617 million); and
Negative £4 million of other items including development expenses (2009: negative £14 million).
New business profits1 at £892 million, were 27 per cent higher than last year,
reflecting a 28 per cent increase in sales volumes as compared to 2009. The
average Group new business profit margin on these sales was 54 per cent (2009:
54 per cent) on an APE basis and 7.5 per cent (2009: 7.4 per cent) on a PVNBP
basis. Overall, we have maintained the high new business APE profit margin
achieved in the first half of 2009, with the effect of improvements in Asia (up
one per cent to 56 per cent) and the UK (up three per cent to 35 per cent) being
offset by the expected reduction in the US (down 10 per cent to 64 per cent) as
spreads returned to more normal market levels.
The contribution from in-force operating profit increased by £244 million to
£861 million, including unwind of discount and other expected returns that
increased by £92 million to £773 million, primarily reflecting the growth of the
portfolio in Asia and US. In-force profit in 2010 also includes the effects of
operating assumption changes and experience variances and other items which
aggregated positive £88 million, principally reflecting positive experience in
the US, offset by negative experience in Asia.
Operating profit from the asset management business and other non-long-term
businesses increased to £217 million, up 43 per cent from £152 million in half
year 2009.
Other income and expenditure totalled a net expense of £262 million compared
with £195 million in half year 2009, a negative impact of £67 million,
principally reflecting an increase in interest payable on core structural
borrowings.
Note
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
11
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
EEV basis profit after tax and non-controlling interests
AER8
Half year Half year
2010 2009
£m £m
EEV basis operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 1,677 1,246
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns:
- Insurance operations (239) (566)
- IGD hedge costs - (216)
- Other operations 12 75
(227) (707)
Mark to market value movements on core borrowings (42) (108)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes (25) (71)
Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and guarantees (52) (384)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (377) -
Profit on sale and results of Taiwan agency business - 91
Profit before tax from continuing operations 954 67
Tax attributable to shareholders' profit (140) (52)
Non-controlling interests (2) (1)
Profit after non-controlling interests 812 14
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
EEV operating profit is based on longer-term investment return assumptions
rather than actual investment returns achieved. Short-term fluctuations
represent the difference between the actual investment return and those assumed
in arriving at the reported operating profit.
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns for insurance operations of
negative £239 million comprise a negative £21 million for Asia, negative £140
million for our US operations and negative £78 million in the UK.
For our Asian business, short-term fluctuations of negative £21 million (2009:
positive £101 million) primarily reflected a deterioration in equity markets in
the first half of 2010 partially offset by unrealised gains on the bond
portfolio.
For our US business, short-term fluctuations in investment returns were negative
£140 million (2009: negative £304 million), the reduction primarily reflecting
substantially lower impairments and other realised losses for fixed income
securities incurred in the period.
For our UK business, the short-term fluctuations in investment returns were
negative £78 million (2009: negative £363 million), principally due to the
return on the with-profits business of positive 2.6 per cent being lower than
the long-term assumed return of 3.3 per cent for the half year 2010.
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns for other operations were positive
£12 million, and mainly represent unrealised appreciation on Prudential
Capitals debt securities portfolio. The half year 2009 result included £216
million costs incurred in respect of the hedge temporarily put in place during
the first quarter to protect the IGD capital position in exceptional market
conditions.
Mark-to-market movement on core borrowings
The mark-to-market movement on core borrowings was a negative £42 million, as
credit spreads continued to narrow to more normal levels.
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes
The shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined
benefit pension schemes of a negative £25 million mainly reflects the impact of
a reduced discount rate offset by lower inflation assumptions of the liabilities
of the Scottish Amicable and M&G schemes.
Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and
guarantees
The effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options
and guarantees of negative £52 million comprises negative £56 million for the
effect of changes in economic assumptions and positive £4 million for the change
in the time value of cost of options and guarantees arising from changes in
economic factors.
In our Asian business, economic assumption changes were negative £61 million
mainly reflecting the impact of falls in interest rates and the derisking of the
portfolios in Hong Kong and Singapore.
In our US business, economic assumption changes were negative £20 million,
primarily reflecting a fall in the separate account return and the impact of
lower investment return assumptions, offset by the beneficial effect arising
from the decrease in the risk discount rate following a reduction of 0.9 per
cent in the US 10-year Treasury rate during the period.
In our UK business, economic assumption changes were positive £25 million, where
the impact of the lower risk discount rate more than offset the effect of lower
expected long-term rates of return following a reduction in UK Gilt rates of 0.4
per cent during the first six months of 2010.
Costs of terminated AIA transaction
During the period the Group incurred costs in relation to the AIA transaction of
£377 million. This comprises the termination break fee of £153 million, the
costs associated with foreign exchange hedging of £100 million and underwriting
and other fees totalling £124 million. After expected tax relief, the post tax
cost is £284 million.
Effective tax rates
The effective tax rate at an operating level was 28 per cent (2009: 29 per cent)
and the effective tax rate at a total EEV level was 15 per cent (2009: 78 per
cent), with 2009 being adversely impacted by a reduction in the deferred tax
credit relating to Jackson losses on fixed income securities and 2010 benefiting
from a reduction in US deferred tax liabilities following changes to variable
annuity reserving in accordance with revised statutory guidance.
12 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
IFRS results
IFRS basis operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
Insurance business
Long-term business:
Asia 262 212 24 224 17
US 4501 217 107 1 212 112
UK 307 303 1 303 1
Development expenses (3) (5) (40) (5) (40)
Long-term business profit 1,016 727 40 734 38
UK general insurance commission 23 27 (15) 27 (15)
Asset management business:
M&G 143 102 40 102 40
Asia asset management 36 21 71 21 71
Curian 2 (3) 167 (3) 167
US broker-dealer and asset management 13 5 160 5 160
217 152 43 152 43
Other income and expenditure (240) (179) 34 (179) 34
Solvency II implementation costs (22) - (100) - (100)
Restructuring costs (3) (12) 75 (12) 75
Total IFRS basis operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 9681 688 41 1 695 39
Group IFRS operating profit before tax based on longer-term investment returns
after restructuring costs was £968 million, an increase of 41 per cent on 2009.
In half year 2010, the operating profits of our US life operation included the
benefit of net equity hedge gains of £123 million (2009: £ 23 million losses).
These variable gains/losses arise from the difference between the fair value of
the derivatives held to manage equity risk and the movement in the associated
guarantee liabilities of which a substantial proportion are not fair valued
under US GAAP, the grandfathered accounting basis under IFRS 4. Excluding the
net equity hedge results, the Groups operating profit increased by 19 per cent
from £711 million to £845 million.
In Asia, IFRS operating profit for long-term business increased by 24 per cent
from £212 million in half year 2009 to £262 million in half year 2010. This
increase reflects both underlying growth as we build our in-force book and
improvement in new business strain from a charge of £47 million in half year
2009 to a charge of £43 million in half year 2010. This improvement compares to
an increase in APE new business sales2 of 36 per cent demonstrating the Groups
disciplined approach to capital. The £212 million in half year 2009 is inclusive
of a £63 million one-off credit relating to the Malaysia reserving basis.
There was a strong performance across the Asian region. Hong Kong, Singapore,
Malaysia and Indonesia account for 76 per cent or £198 million of operating
profits (2009: £213 million, including the impact of the exceptional credit
recorded in Malaysia). Strong underlying improvements were reported in Indonesia
with operating profits higher by 66 per cent to £70 million reflecting the
strong business growth and growing maturity of this business. Malaysia operating
profits, excluding the exceptional credit in 2009, were also higher by 41 per
cent to £45 million reflecting the growing policyholder liabilities of this
business. The contribution to IFRS profits from the other Asian businesses is
also improving. The closure of Japan to new business has substantially reduced
the IFRS losses of this business, while Taiwan broke even in the period as it
refocused on bancassurance business. Korea benefited from reduced new business
strain in the period and Vietnam was up 50 per cent to £21 million. Changes to
reserving bases in India and China contributed a £19 million profit, with both
countries showing improvement in their underlying results excluding this change.
Notes
1 The US IFRS operating profit of £450 million includes £123 million of net
equity hedging gains (2009: £23 million losses) representing the movement in
fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the
movement in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons variable and fixed
index annuity products, a significant proportion of which are not fair valued,
net of related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable in nature, Group
IFRS operating profit increased by 19 per cent and US operating profit by 36 per
cent as compared to half year 2009.
2 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
13
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
IFRS basis results - Analysis of life insurance pre-tax IFRS operating profit
based on longer-term investment returns by driver
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
Investment spread 571 514 11 509 12
Asset management fees 321 203 58 203 58
Net expense margin (205) (209) 2 (211) 3
DAC amortisation* (Jackson only):
Underlying (199) (148) (34) (145) (37)
Acceleration (67) (12) (458) (12) (458)
Net insurance margin 309 217 42 221 40
With-profits business 171 158 8 159 8
Non-recurrent release of reserves for Malaysian life operation- 63 (100) 67 (100)
Other (8) (36) 78 (33) 76
Net equity hedge gains (losses) within Jackson 123 (23) 635 (24) 613
Total 1,016 727 40 734 38
* Excluding amounts for equity hedge and related effects.
In the US, the long-term business operating profit increased by 107 per cent
from £217 million in half year 2009 to £450 million in half year 2010. The 2010
result includes equity hedge gains (net of related DAC amortisation) of £123
million (2009: losses of £23 million). These gains and losses, which are
variable in nature, reflect the difference between the value movement included
in operating profit on free standing derivatives held to manage equity risk, and
the accounting charge for movements in liabilities for guarantees in Jacksons
variable and fixed index annuity products. For Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit
(GMDB) and 'for-life' Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) features the
liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are reported
pursuant to the US GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS reporting. Over the
longer-term it is anticipated that the variable gains and losses arising will
substantially reverse. The total cumulative impact of these equity hedge
results, net of related deferred acquisition costs, for the 30 months ended 30
June 2010 is a small gain of £35 million.
Excluding the net equity hedge result, Jacksons operating profit increased by
36 per cent from £240 million in half year 2009 to £327 million, reflecting
strong underlying performance driven by improved spread and fee income, up £88
million and £98 million respectively. These positive inflows have been offset by
increases in expenses and DAC amortisation primarily reflecting Jacksons
increased profitability and an increased charge for accelerated variable annuity
DAC amortisation which increased from £12 million in half year 2009 to £67
million in half year 2010 arising from lower than projected levels of market
returns in the period.
In our UK business, total IFRS operating profit was in
line with last year at £330 million. The long-term business IFRS operating
profit was slightly ahead at £307 million (2009: £303 million). Our value focus
saw us continue the strong profit contribution from annuities. Profits from the
with-profits business were £7 million higher at £154 million. Profit from UK
general insurance commission decreased by £4 million to £23 million in 2010 in
line with the decline in the in-force policy numbers as the business matures.
M&Gs operating profit for 2010 was £143 million, an increase of 40 per cent
from £102 million in 2009. This record level of interim profits for M&G reflects
higher equity market levels, the continuation of exceptionally strong net
inflows, particularly in the Retail Business, and increased sales of more
profitable equity products.
The Asian asset management operations reported operating profits of £36 million,
up by 71 per cent from £21 million in 2009. This reflects higher funds under
management during the period and the benefits of cost cutting actions taken in
2009. Profit in 2009 was adversely impacted by a one-off loss in India of £6
million.
The £61 million increase in the charge for other income and expenditure to £240
million primarily reflects an increase in interest payable on core structural
borrowings.
IFRS basis results - Analysis of life insurance pre-tax IFRS operating profit
based on longer-term investment returns by driver
Investment spread has increased by 11 per cent to £571 million for the first
half of 2010. This has been driven by an improvement in US spread income, which
has increased by £88 million, following both higher investment income and lower
amounts credited to policyholders. Investment income changes reflect higher
invested assets, higher amortisation of interest related gains and the impact of
changes to the portfolio to lengthen duration. The increase in the US has been
offset by a fall in UK spread income from shareholder annuity business.
Asset management fees have increased by 58 per cent to £321 million in 2010,
with growth arising principally in our US business where improved equity markets
in the latter part of 2009 and early part of 2010 and strong net flows into
variable annuities have led to a 69 per cent increase in average separate
account balances and an equivalent rise in fee income in the US.
14 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
IFRS basis profit after tax
AER8
Half year Half year
2010 2009
£m £m
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 968 688
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns:
- Insurance operations 14 61
- IGD hedge costs - (216)
- Other operations 12 75
26 (80)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes (24) (63)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (377) -
Loss on sale and results of Taiwan agency business - (621)
Profit (loss) before tax from continuing operations attributable to shareholders 593 (76)
Tax charge attributable to shareholders' profit (149) (182)
Non-controlling interests (2) 4
Profit (loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the Company 442 (254)
The net expense margin has narrowed marginally from negative £209 million in
2009 to negative £205 million in 2010. Improvements of £49 million in Asia and
the UK have been offset by higher expenses in the US of £45 million, following
higher non-deferrable commission payments as policyholder asset values increased
in line with strong sales growth.
The increase in Jacksons underlying DAC amortisation of £51 million principally
reflects the improvement in spread income and asset management fees in the
period. The increase in the charge for accelerated amortisation arising from
adverse market returns increased by £55 million from £12 million in half year to
£67 million in half year 2010.
Net insurance margin has grown by 42 per cent to £309 million in 2010
principally reflecting growth in our Asian in-force book and increased guarantee
fees from our growing variable annuity book in the US.
Net equity hedge gains (losses) within Jackson, being the movement in operating
derivatives in the period and associated DAC and policyholder liability
movements, was £123 million positive in the first half of 2010, compared with
£23 million negative in the first half of 2009. These gains and losses, which
are variable in nature, reflect the difference between the value movement
included in operating profit on free standing derivatives held to manage equity
risk, and the accounting charge for movements in liabilities for guarantees in
Jacksons variable and fixed index annuity products. For Guaranteed Minimum
Death Benefit (GMDB) and 'for-life' Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB)
features the liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are
reported pursuant to the US GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS reporting.
Excluding these amounts the total long-term business profit was £893 million, an
increase of 19 per cent on the prior period.
IFRS basis profit after tax
The total profit before tax from continuing operations attributable to
shareholders was £593 million in 2010, compared with a loss of £76 million in
2009. The improvement reflects the increase in operating profit based on
longer-term investment returns and the impact of one-off items. The profit in
half year 2010 was reduced by the terminated AIA transaction costs of £377
million, whereas half year 2009 was adversely impacted by the £621 million loss
recorded as part of the disposal of the Taiwan Agency business and IGD hedge
costs of £216 million.
In calculating the IFRS operating profit, we use longer-term investment return
assumptions rather than actual investment returns arising in the year. The
difference between actual investment returns recorded in the income statement
and longer-term returns is shown in the analysis of profits as short-term
fluctuations in investment returns.
IFRS short-term fluctuations in investment returns
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns for our insurance operations of
positive £14 million comprise positive £41 million for Asia, negative £120
million for US operations and positive £93 million in the UK.
The positive short-term fluctuations of £41 million for our Asian operations
primarily reflect unrealised gains on the shareholder debt portfolio.
15
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
The negative short-term fluctuations of £120 million for our US operations
principally arise on derivative and embedded derivative value movements. The
negative fluctuations from longer-term levels arising in the period from the
implied equity volatilities and interest rates used in valuing equity related
derivatives and embedded derivatives are only partially offset by the positive
market movements of non-equity related derivatives.
The positive short-term fluctuations of £93 million for
our UK operations reflect principally value movements on the assets
backing the capital of the shareholder-backed annuity business.
Short-term fluctuations for other operations was positive £12 million,
and mainly represent unrealised appreciation on Prudential Capitals debt
securities portfolio.
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes
The shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined
benefit pension schemes of a negative £24 million reflects the impact of a
reduced discount rate and offset by lower inflation assumptions of the
liabilities of the Scottish Amicable and M&G schemes.
Costs of terminated AIA transaction
As previously discussed, the Group incurred costs of £377 million (£284 million
post-tax) related to the terminated AIA transaction.
Effective tax rates
The effective rate of tax on operating profits, based on longer-term investment
returns, was 25 per cent (2009: 26 per cent). The effective rate of tax at the
total IFRS profit level for continuing operations was 25 per cent (2009:
negative 239 per cent) with 2009 being adversely impacted by the loss on
disposal of the Taiwan agency business receiving no tax relief and a restriction
on the level of deferred tax asset that could be recognised within Jackson.
Earnings and dividend per share
Earnings per share
2010 2009
Half year Half year
pence pence
Basic EPS based on operating profit
after tax and non-controlling interest
EEV 48.0 35.4
IFRS 28.6 20.5
Basic EPS based on total profit/(loss)
after non-controlling interests
EEV 32.2 0.6
IFRS 17.5 (10.2)
Dividend per share
The 2010 interim dividend of 6.61 pence per ordinary share will be paid on 23
September 2010 in sterling to shareholders on the principal and Irish branch
registers at 6.00 pm BST on Friday 20 August 2010 (the Record Date), on 24
September 2010 in Hong Kong dollars to shareholders on the Hong Kong branch
register at 4.30 pm Hong Kong time on the Record Date (HK Shareholders), and on
or about 30 September 2010 in Singapore dollars to shareholders with shares
standing to the credit of their securities accounts with The Central Depository
(Pte.) Limited (CDP) at 5.00 pm Singapore time on the Record Date (SG
Shareholders). The dividend payable to the HK Shareholders will be HK$0.8038 per
ordinary share, which equates to the sterling value translated at the exchange
rate ruling at the close of business on 11 August 2010. The exchange rate at
which the dividend payable to the SG Shareholders will be translated into SG$
will be determined by CDP.
It is intended that shareholders will be able to elect to receive ordinary
shares credited as fully paid instead of the interim cash dividend under the
terms of the Companys scrip dividend scheme.
The Board will maintain its focus on delivering a growing dividend, which will
continue to be determined after taking into account our Groups financial
flexibility and our assessment of opportunities to generate attractive returns
by investing in specific areas of the business. The Board believes that in the
medium-term a dividend cover of around two times is appropriate.
16 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Movement on shareholders funds
EEV IFRS
Half year Half year Full year Half year Half year Full year
2010 2009 2009 2010 2009 2009
AER8 AER8 AER8 AER8
£m £m £m £m £m £m
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 1,677 1,246 3,090 968 688 1,405
Items excluded from operating profit (723) (1,179) (1,347) (375) (764) (659)
Total profit (loss) before tax 954 67 1,743 593 (76) 746
Tax, discontinued operations and
non-controlling interests (142) (53) (498) (151) (178) (70)
Profit (loss) for the period 812 14 1,245 442 (254) 676
Exchange movements, net of related tax 798 (1,104) (750) 307 (298) (195)
Unrealised gains and losses on Jackson
securities classified as available for sale note 1 - - - 419 423 1,043
Dividends (344) (322) (481) (344) (322) (481)
New share capital subscribed 39 96 141 39 96 141
Other 94 80 162 27 17 29
Net increase (decrease) in shareholders' funds 1,399 (1,236) 317 890 (338) 1,213
Shareholders' funds at beginning of period 15,273 14,956 14,956 6,271 5,058 5,058
Shareholders' funds at end of period 16,672 13,720 15,273 7,161 4,720 6,271
Comprising
Long-term business
Free surplus note 2 2,737 1,365 2,065
Required capital 3,249 2,799 2,994
Net worth note 3 5,986 4,164 5,059
Value of in-force 11,176 9,510 10,283
Total 17,162 13,674 15,342
Other business note 4 (490) 46 (69)
Total 16,672 13,720 15,273
Notes
1 Net of related change to deferred acquisition costs and tax.
2 The increase in free surplus of £672 million from full year 2009 arises
primarily from £849 million being generated by the long-term business, offset by
cash paid to the holding company and other items.
3 The increase in net worth in the period principally reflects the free surplus
generated in the period, offset by cash paid to the holding company and other
items.
4 Shareholders' funds for other than long-term business of negative £490 million
comprises £1,711 million for asset management operations, including goodwill of
£1,230 million, holding company net borrowings of £2,343 million and net other
shareholders' funds of £142 million.
EEV
On an EEV basis, which recognises the shareholders' interest in long-term
business, shareholder funds at 30 June 2010 were £16.7 billion, an increase of
£1.4 billion from the full year 2009 level, equivalent to nine per cent. This
increased level of shareholders' funds primarily reflects the profit after tax
of £0.8 billion, the positive effects of exchange movements of £0.8 billion
offset by the dividend payments of £0.3 billion.
The shareholders funds at 30 June 2010 relating to long-term
business of £17.2 billion comprise £6.7 billion
(up 16 per cent from end-2009) for our Asian long-term business operations, £5.0
billion (up 21 per cent from end-2009) for our US long-term business operations
and £5.5 billion (consistent with end-2009) for our UK long-term business
operations.
At 30 June 2010, the embedded value for our Asian long-term business operations
was £6.7 billion, with £5.4 billion (up 17 per cent from end-2009) being in the
South-East Asia countries of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam together with Hong Kong. For Prudentials other Asian markets,
the embedded value was £1.3 billion (up eight per cent from end-2009) in
aggregate.
IFR
Statutory IFRS basis shareholders funds at 30 June 2010 were £7.2 billion. This
compares to the £6.3 billion at 31 December 2009, an increase of £0.9 billion,
equivalent to 14 per cent.
The movement reflects the profit for the year after tax of £0.4 billion,
exchange translation gains of £0.3 billion, the improvement
in the level of net unrealised gains on Jacksons debt securities of £0.4
billion from the position at 31 December 2009 and other items of £0.1 billion,
offset by dividend payments of £0.3 billion.
17
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
Free surplus and holding company cash flow
AER8
Half year Half year Full year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
Free surplus generation
Expected in-force cash flows (including expected return on net assets) 1,115 949 1,914
Changes in operating assumptions and variances 171 (37) 175
Underlying free surplus generated in the period 1,286 912 2,089
Market related items 52 (502) (198)
Investment in new business:
Excluding Japan (337) (319) (660)
Japan (2) (12) (15)
Total investment in new business (339) (331) (675)
Free surplus generated in the period from retained businesses 999 79 1,216
Effect of disposal and trading results of Taiwan agency business - 987 987
Net cash remitted by the business units (460) (375) (688)
Other movements and timing differences 165 241 157
Total movement during the period 704 932 1,672
Free surplus at 1 January 2,531 859 859
Free surplus at end of period 3,235 1,791 2,531
Comprised of:
Free surplus relating to long-term insurance business 2,737 1,365 2,065
Free surplus of other insurance business 17 19 37
IFRS net assets of asset management businesses excluding goodwill 481 407 429
Total free surplus 3,235 1,791 2,531
Free surplus generation
Sources and uses of free surplus generation from the Groups insurance and asset
management operations
Group free surplus at the end of the period comprises free surplus for the
insurance businesses, representing the excess of the net worth over the required
capital included in the EEV results, and IFRS net assets for the asset
management businesses excluding goodwill. The free surplus generated during the
period comprises the movement in this balance excluding foreign exchange,
capital movements, and other reserve movements. Specifically, it includes
amounts maturing from the in-force operations during the period less the
investment in new business, the effect of market movements and other one-off
items.
For asset management operations we have defined free surplus generation to be
total post-tax IFRS profit for the period. Group free surplus generated also
includes the general insurance commission earned during the period and excludes
shareholders' other income and expenditure, and centrally arising restructuring
and Solvency II implementation costs.
During the first six months of 2010 we generated total free surplus from the
retained businesses of £999 million (2009: £79 million). Underlying free surplus
generated from the in-force book increased 41 per cent from £912 million in 2009
to £1,286 million in 2010, principally reflecting the underlying growth of the
portfolio, and positive changes in operating assumptions and variances of £171
million for our life businesses (2009: negative £37 million). These positive
changes include £110 million arising in the UK (2009: negative £60 million) and
£96 million in the US principally reflecting favourable spread experience (2009:
positive £56 million), and were offset by the negative changes in Asia of £35
million (2009: negative £33 million).
Underlying free surplus generated has been used by our life businesses to invest
in new business. Investment in new business1 has risen by six per cent to £337
million in 2010. This compares to a 28 per cent increase in sales and this
improved capital efficiency is primarily the result of continuing the active
management of the product mix of the new business sold to achieve the Groups
disciplined approach to capital usage.
Market related movements have improved from negative £502 million in 2009 to
positive £52 million in 2010, of which £36 million relates to the US.
Note
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
18 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Value created through investment in new business by life operations
Half year
2010
Group Group
Asian operations UK total total
Excluding US insurance excluding including
Japan Japan Total operations operations Japan Japan
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m
Free surplus invested in new business (123) (2) (125) (179) (35) (337) (339)
Increase in required capital 39 - 39 146 38 223 223
Net worth invested in new business (84) (2) (86) (33) 3 (114) (116)
Value of in-force created by new
business 382 1 383 268 94 744 745
Post tax new business profit for the
year 298 (1) 297 235 97 630 629
Tax 98 - 98 126 38 262 262
Pre-tax new business profit for the year396 (1) 395 361 135 892 891
New business sales (APE) 713 720 560 382
New business margins (% APE) 56% 55% 64% 35%
Internal rate of return* 20% 20% 20% 15%
AER8 Half year 2009
Group Group
Asian operations UK total total
Excluding US insurance excluding including
Japan Japan Total operations operations Japan Japan
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m
Free surplus invested in new business (106) (12) (118) (168) (45) (319) (331)
Increase in required capital 29 - 29 149 42 220 220
Net worth invested in new business (77) (12) (89) (19) (3) (99) (111)
Value of in-force created by new
business 289 3 292 209 89 587 590
Post tax new business profit for the
year 212 (9) 203 190 86 488 479
Tax 74 - 74 102 36 212 212
Pre-tax new business profit for the year286 (9) 277 292 122 700 691
New business sales (APE) 524 553 392 376
New business margins (% APE) 55% 50% 74% 32%
Internal rate of return* 20% 20% 20% 15%
CER8 Half year 2009
Group Group
Asian operations UK total total
Excluding US insurance excluding including
Japan Japan Total operations operations Japan Japan
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m
Free surplus invested in new business (110) (13) (123) (164) (45) (319) (332)
Increase in required capital 30 - 30 146 42 218 218
Net worth invested in new business (80) (13) (93) (18) (3) (101) (114)
Value of in-force created by new business 305 3 308 204 89 598 601
Post tax new business profit for the year 225 (10) 215 186 86 497 487
Tax 78 - 78 100 36 214 214
Pre-tax new business profit for the year 303 (10) 293 286 122 711 701
New business sales (APE) 555 585 383 376
New business margins (% APE) 55% 50% 74% 32%
Internal rate of return* 20% 20% 20% 15%
* The internal rate of return is equivalent to the discount rate at which the
present value of the post-tax cash flows expected to be earned over the lifetime
of the business written in shareholder-backed life funds is equal to the total
invested capital to support the writing of the business. The capital included in
the calculation of the IRR is equal to the amount required to pay acquisition
costs and set up statutory reserves less premiums received, plus encumbered
capital. The impact of the time value of options and guarantees is included in
the calculation.
19
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
Overall, the Group wrote £1,655 million of sales on an APE basis1 in 2010 (2009:
£1,292 million) generating a post-tax new business contribution to embedded
value of £630 million (2009: £488 million). To support these sales, we invested
£337 million of capital (2009: £319 million). We estimate the Groups internal
rate of return for the six months ended 30 June 2010 to be greater than 20 per
cent. The amount of capital invested covers both new business strain, including
commissions, of £114 million (2009: £99 million) and the required capital of
£223 million (2009: £220 million). Managements focus continued to be on capital
preservation and so capital investment was focused on those areas which added
most value to the Group. While overall investment in new business has risen, the
amount of post-tax new business profit contribution (excluding Japan) to
embedded value per £1 million of free surplus invested increased by 27 per cent
to £1.9 million (2009: £1.5 million) as a result of this strategy.
In Asia, investment in new business1 was £123 million, which was up 12 per cent
compared to 2009 on a CER basis (£110 million). This compares to a 28 per cent
increase in new business sales (APE) on a CER basis. For each £1 million of free
surplus invested we generated £2.4 million of post-tax new business contribution
to embedded value (excluding Japan) (2009: £2.0 million). This increase arises
both from a shift in business mix to the high margin territories of South-East
Asia and Hong Kong and a lower capital strain as a result of a change in the
product mix to more efficient participating and linked products. The reduced
strain is offset by negative changes principally arising from the adoption of
higher new business required capital levels in a number of businesses in the
second half of 2009. The average free surplus undiscounted payback period for
business written in the six months to 30 June 2010 was three years (2009: four
years).
In the US, investment in new business was £179 million, nine per cent higher
than 2009 on a CER basis (£164 million) considerably lower than the 46 per cent
increase in APE new business sales on a CER basis. For each £1 million of free
surplus invested we generated £1.3 million of post-tax new business contribution
to embedded value (2009: £1.1 million). This higher return reflects a change in
business mix with a higher proportion of capital light variable annuity business
and a reduced proportion of more capital intensive fixed annuities. The average
free surplus undiscounted payback period for business written in the six months
to 30 June 2010 was two years (2009: two years).
In the UK, investment in new business decreased by 22 per cent from £45 million
in 2009 to £35 million in 2010. This decrease compares with a two per cent
increase in APE new business sales in the period. For each £1 million of free
surplus invested we generated £2.8 million of post-tax new business contribution
to embedded value (2009: £1.9 million) reflecting our value focus. The average
free surplus undiscounted payback period for business written in the six months
to 30 June 2010 was five years (2009: five years).
Note
1 Excludes Japan which ceased writing new business in 2010.
20 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Holding company cash flow
2010 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Net cash remitted by business units:
UK Life fund paid to Group 202 284 284
Shareholder-backed business:
Other UK paid to Group 67 - 189
Group invested in UK (6) (16) (39)
Total shareholder-backed business 61 (16) 150
UK net 263 268 434
US paid to Group - - 39
Group invested in US - - -
US net - - 39
Asia paid to Group
Long-term business 99 80 181
Other operations 16 31 46
115 111 227
Group invested in Asia
Long-term business (18) (34) (101)
Other operations (30) (56) (86)
(48) (90) (187)
Asia net 67 21 40
M&G paid to Group 80 44 93
PruCap paid to Group 50 42 82
Net remittances to Group from Business Units 460 375 688
Net interest paid (110) (92) (214)
Tax received 55 30 71
Corporate activities (63) (65) (163)
Total central outflows (118) (127) (306)
Operating holding company* cash flow before dividend 342 248 382
Dividend paid net of scrip (318) (226) (344)
Operating holding company* cash flow after dividend 24 22 38
Exceptional Items:
Cash flow arising from sale of Taiwan agency business - (125) (125)
Acquisition of UOB Life and related distribution agreements (244) - -
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (261) - -
IGD hedge costs - - (235)
Other cash movements:
Issue of hybrid debt, net of costs - 380 822
Repayment of maturing debt - (249) (249)
Receipts arising from foreign exchange movements on US$
hedging instruments - 58 60
Total holding company cash flow (481) 86 311
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of period 1,486 1,165 1,165
Foreign exchange movements 18 1 10
Cash and short-term investments at end of period 1,023 1,252 1,486
* Including central finance subsidiaries.
21
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
Holding company cash flow
We continue to manage cash flows across the Group with a view to achieving a
balance between ensuring sufficient net remittances from the businesses to cover
the progressive dividend (after corporate costs) and maximising value for
shareholders through the retention and the reinvestment of the free surplus
generated at business unit level in the particularly profitable opportunities
available to the Group given its established position in key life insurance
markets. On this basis, the holding company cash flow statement at an operating
level should generally balance to close to zero before exceptional cash flows.
Operating holding company cash flow for the first half of 2010 before dividend
was £342 million, £94 million higher than 2009. After dividend, the operating
holding company cash flow was positive £24 million, in line with last year.
The holding company received £460 million net remittances from business units in
the first half of 2010, (including £344 million from long-term business
operations up from £314 million in 2009), with increased contributions from the
Asia, M&G and PruCap businesses. Contributions from UK with-profits were lower
reflecting the bonus reductions effected at the start of 2009, culminating in a
lower share for shareholders in that year and lower remittances in 2010. Our
focused strategy in the UK has delivered positive net remittances to Group of
£61 million from our shareholder-backed business.
Capital invested in business units in the first half of 2010 was £54 million
compared to £106 million for 2009. Injections into Asia and the UK were both
down from 2009 levels, reflecting reduced regulatory needs and our disciplined
approach to investment.
Net interest paid in 2010 increased from £92 million to
£110 million, following the additional debt raised in 2009.
Tax received in 2010 was £55 million, up from £30 million in 2009 reflecting
higher UK taxable profits available for offset, and payments for corporate
activities were £63 million (2009: £65 million).
After central costs, there was a net cash inflow before dividend of £342 million
in 2010 compared to £248 million for 2009. The dividend paid net of scrip, was
£318 million in 2010 compared to £226 million in 2009. The take-up of scrip
dividends in 2010 was £26 million compared to £96 million for 2009.
In the first half of 2010, central cash resources funded the acquisition of UOB
Life and related distribution agreements. In addition, £261 million relating to
costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction were also funded from our
central resources.
As a result of the transactions above, together with an £18 million foreign
exchange revaluation gain, the overall holding company cash and short-term
investment balances at 30 June 2010 decreased by £463 million to £1,023 million
from the £1,486 million at 31 December 2009.
22 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Balance sheet
Summary
AER8
Half year Half year Full year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
Investments 222,599 179,457 208,722
Holding company cash and short-term investments 1,023 1,252 1,486
Other 19,790 18,677 17,546
Total assets 243,412 199,386 227,754
Less: Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities 198,913 165,047 186,398
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds 10,066 7,061 10,019
208,979 172,108 196,417
Less: shareholders accrued interest in the long-term business (9,511) (9,000) (9,002)
199,468 163,108 187,415
Core structural borrowings of shareholders financed operations (IFRS book value
basis) 3,482 2,899 3,394
Other liabilities including non-controlling interest 23,790 19,659 21,672
Total liabilities and non-controlling interest 226,740 185,666 212,481
EEV basis net assets 16,672 13,720 15,273
Share capital and premium 1,983 1,966 1,970
IFRS basis shareholders reserves 5,178 2,754 4,301
IFRS basis shareholders equity 7,161 4,720 6,271
Additional EEV basis retained profit 9,511 9,000 9,002
EEV basis shareholders equity (excluding non-controlling interest) 16,672 13,720 15,273
The following sections focus on key areas of interest in the balance sheet.
Investments
Half year 2010 Full year 2009
Unit-Linked
Participating and variable Shareholder- Total Total
Funds annuities backed Group Group
£m £m £m £m £m
Debt securities 51,888 8,325 53,121 113,334 101,751
Equity 27,119 43,875 781 71,775 69,354
Property investments 9,169 717 1,474 11,360 10,905
Commercial mortgage loans 197 - 4,985 5,182 4,634
Other loans 1,875 - 2,530 4,405 4,120
Deposits 6,703 807 2,256 9,766 12,820
Other investments 4,153 90 2,534 6,777 5,138
Total 101,104 53,814 67,681 222,599 208,722
Total investments held by the Group at 30 June 2010 were £223 billion, of which
£101 billion were held by participating funds, £54 billion by unit-linked funds
and £68 billion by shareholder-backed operations. Shareholders are not directly
exposed to value movements on assets backing participating or unit-linked
operations, with sensitivity mainly related to shareholder-backed operations.
Of the £68 billion investments related to shareholder-backed operations, £5.4
billion was held by Asia long-term business, £34.3 billion by Jackson and £24.5
billion by the UK long-term business respectively. In addition, £3.5 billion is
held by our asset management and other operations.
The investments held by the shareholder-backed operations are predominantly debt
securities, totalling £3.7 billion, £27.4 billion and £20.5 billion for Asia,
the US and the UK long-term businesses respectively, of which 79 per cent, 95
per cent and 97 per cent are rated, either externally or internally, as
investment grade. Included within debt securities of shareholder-backed
operations are Tier 1 and Tier 2 bank holdings of £3.2 billion, of which Tier 1
holdings of UK bank securities is £114 million, with exposure being wholly
within the UK long-term business. Within Tier 2, our exposure to UK banks is
£0.8 billion, with exposure being £0.6 billion, £0.1 billion, and £0.1 billion
for the UK long-term business, the US and other operations respectively.
In addition, £1.5 billion of debt securities was held by asset management and
other operations, substantially all of which was managed by Prudential Capital.
23
Chief Financial Officers overview continued
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
Shareholder-backed business
Half year 2010 Half year 2009
Asia US UK Total Total
£m £m £m £m £m
At 1 January 13,050 48,311 38,700 100,061 92,189
Premiums 1,588 5,656 1,735 8,979 6,969
Surrenders (621) (1,767) (632) (3,020) (3,362)
Maturities/Deaths (58) (418) (1,055) (1,531) (1,385)
Net cash flows 909 3,471 48 4,428 2,222
Investment related items and other movements (203) (424) 1,896 1,269 2,446
Acquisition of UOB Life 464 - - 464 -
Assumption changes - - (64) (64) (63)
Disposal of Taiwan agency business - - - - (3,508)
Foreign exchange translation difference 1,150 3,895 (30) 5,015 (7,530)
At 30 June 15,370 55,253 40,550 111,173 85,756
With-profits funds
- Policyholder liabilities 87,740 79,291
- Unallocated surplus 10,066 7,061
Total at 30 June 97,806 86,352
Total policyholder liabilities including unallocated surplus at 30 June 208,979 172,108
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
Policyholder liabilities related to shareholder-backed business grew by £11.1
billion from £100.1 billion at 31 December 2009 to £111.2 billion at 30 June
2010.
The increase reflects positive net cash flows (premiums less surrenders and
maturities/deaths) of £4.4 billion in 2010 (2009: £2.2 billion), predominantly
driven by strong inflows in the US (£3.5 billion) and Asia (£0.9 billion), as
well as positive investment-related and other items of £1.3 billion (2009: £2.4
billion), primarily reflecting the growth in bond and property markets during
the year.
Other movements include foreign exchange movements of £5.0 billion (2009:
negative £7.5 billion) and an increase following the acquisition of UOB Life of
£464 million.
During 2010, the unallocated surplus, which represents the excess of assets over
policyholder liabilities for the Groups with-profit funds on a statutory basis
remained flat from December 2009 to 30 June 2010 at £10.1 billion.
Shareholders' net borrowings and ratings
The Groups core structural borrowings at 30 June 2010 totalled £3.5 billion on
an IFRS basis, compared with £3.4 billion at 31 December 2009. The movement of
£0.1 billion mainly reflects foreign exchange movements in the period.
After adjusting for holding company cash and short-term investments of £1,023
million, net core structural borrowings at 30 June 2010 were £2.5 billion
compared with £1.9 billion at 31 December 2009. The movement of £0.6 billion
includes the movement in borrowings of £0.1 billion mentioned above and the use
of £505 million of central resources to fund the acquisition of UOB Life and
related distribution agreements and the terminated AIA transaction costs.
The Group operates a central treasury function, which has overall responsibility
for managing our capital funding programme as well as our central cash and
liquidity positions.
In addition to our core structural borrowings set out
above, we also have in place an unlimited global commercial paper programme. As
at 30 June 2010, we had issued commercial paper under this programme totalling
£110 million, US$2,412 million, and EUR 721 million. The central treasury
function also manages our £5,000 million medium-term note (MTN) programme
covering both core and non-core borrowings. During January 2010, we raised
non-core borrowings of £250 million from this programme. In April 2010 we
refinanced an existing internal £200 million issue under the same programme. In
total at 30 June 2010 the outstanding subordinated debt under the programme was
£1,085 million, US$750 million and EUR 520 million, while the senior debt
outstanding was £450 million and US$5 million. In addition, our holding company
has access to £1.7 billion of committed revolving credit facilities, provided by
16 major international banks, expiring between 2011 and 2013; and an annually
renewable £500 million committed securities lending liquidity facility. Apart
from small drawdowns to test the process, these facilities have never been
drawn, and there were no amounts outstanding at 30 June 2010. The commercial
paper programme, the MTN programme, the committed revolving credit facilities
and the committed securities lending liquidity facility are all available for
general corporate purposes and to support the liquidity needs of our holding
company and are intended to maintain a strong and flexible funding capacity.
24 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Shareholders net borrowings and ratings
Shareholders net borrowings at 30 June 2010:
AER8 Half year 2010 £m AER8 Full year 2009 £m
Mark-to- Mark-to-
IFRS market EEV IFRS market EEV
basis value basis basis value basis
Perpetual subordinated
Capital securities (Innovative Tier 1) 1,533 (63) 1,470 1,422 (71) 1,351
Subordinated notes (Lower Tier 2) 1,234 89 1,323 1,269 103 1,372
2,767 26 2,793 2,691 32 2,723
Senior debt
2023 300 27 327 300 8 308
2029 249 (3) 246 249 (14) 235
Holding company total 3,316 50 3,366 3,240 26 3,266
Jackson surplus notes (Lower Tier 2) 166 16 182 154 4 158
Total 3,482 66 3,548 3,394 30 3,424
Less: Holding company cash and
short-term investments (1,023) - (1,023) (1,486) - (1,486)
Net core structural borrowings of
shareholder-financed operations 2,459 66 2,525 1,908 30 1,938
We manage the Groups core debt within a target level consistent with our
current debt ratings. At 30 June 2010, the gearing ratio (debt, net of cash and
short-term investments, as a proportion of EEV shareholders funds plus debt)
was 12.9 per cent, compared with 11.1 per cent at 31 December 2009. Prudential
plc has strong debt ratings from Standard & Poors, Moodys and Fitch.
Prudentials long-term senior debt is rated A+ (negative watch), A2 (negative
outlook) and A+ (negative watch) from Standard & Poors, Moodys and Fitch,
while short-term ratings are A-1, P1 and F1+ respectively.
The financial strength of PAC is rated AA (negative watch) by Standard & Poors,
Aa2 (negative outlook) by Moodys and AA+ (negative watch) by Fitch.
Jackson National Lifes financial strength is rated AA (negative watch) by
Standard & Poors, A1 (negative outlook) by Moodys and AA (negative watch) by
Fitch.
Financial position on defined benefit pension schemes
The Group currently operates three defined benefit schemes in the UK, of which
by far the largest is the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS) and two smaller
schemes, Scottish Amicable (SAPS) and M&G.
Defined benefit schemes in the UK are generally required to be subject to a full
actuarial valuation every three years, in order to assess the appropriate level
of funding for schemes in relation to their commitments. The valuations of PSPS
as at 5 April 2008 and SAPS as at 31 March 2008 were finalised in the second
quarter of 2009. The valuation of the M&G pension scheme as at 31 December 2008
was finalised in January 2010. The valuation of PSPS demonstrated the scheme to
be 106 per cent funded by reference to the Scheme Solvency Target that forms the
basis of the schemes funding objective. Accordingly, the total contributions to
be made by the Group into the scheme, representing the annual accrual cost and
deficit funding, has been reduced from the previous arrangement of £75 million
per annum to £50 million per annum including £25 million for deficit funding,
effective from July 2009. Deficit funding for PSPS is apportioned in the ratio
of 70/30 between the PAC with-profits fund and shareholder-backed operations.
The actuarial valuation of SAPS as at 31 March 2008 demonstrated the scheme to
be 91 per cent funded, representing a deficit of £38 million. Based on this
valuation, deficit funding amounts of £7.3 million per annum designed to
eliminate the actuarial deficit over a seven-year period are being made from
July 2009.
The actuarial valuation of the M&G pension scheme as at 31 December 2008
demonstrated the scheme to be 76 per cent funded, representing a deficit of £51
million. Based on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate
the actuarial deficit over a five-year period are being made from January 2010
of £14.1 million per annum for the first two years and £9.3 million per annum
for the subsequent three years.
The valuation basis under IAS 19 for the Group
financial statements differs markedly from the full triennial actuarial
valuation basis. In particular, reflecting the trust deed provisions over
distributions, the underlying surplus of £309 million for PSPS is not
recognised. As at 30 June 2010, on the Group IFRS statement of financial
position, the shareholders share of the liabilities for these UK schemes
amounted to a £101 million liability net of related tax relief. The total share
attributable to the PAC with-profits fund amounted to a liability of £112
million net of related tax relief.
Changes to Group holdings during the period
During the first half of 2010 we completed the acquisition of UOB Life for total
cash consideration, after post-tax completion adjustments currently estimated at
SGD 67 million (£32 million), of SGD 405 million (£220 million), giving rise to
goodwill of £145 million. This acquisition accompanied a long-term strategic
partnership with UOB facilitating distribution of Prudentials life insurance
products through UOBs bank branches in Singapore, Indonesia and Thailand.
We also announced the acquisition of Standard Life Healthcare by our Pru Health
joint venture partner Discovery, and the intention to combine this with the
existing Pru Health business. This leads to a reduction in our shareholding in
the combined businesses from 50 per cent to 25 per cent and is effective from 1
August, the date of the acquisition.
25
Business review Risk and capital management
Risk and capital management
As a provider of financial services, including insurance, we recognise that the
managed acceptance of risk lies at the heart of our business. As a result,
effective risk management capabilities represent a key source of competitive
advantage for our Group.
The Groups risk appetite framework sets out our tolerance to risk exposures as
well as our approach to risk management and return optimisation. Under this
approach, we monitor our risk profile continuously against agreed limits. Our
main strategies for managing and mitigating risk include asset liability
management, using derivatives to hedge relevant market risks, and implementing
reinsurance and corporate insurance programmes.
Our risk exposure and approach to risk management were described in detail in
our 2009 year-end report and remain valid.
1 Financial risks
a Market risk
i Equity risk
In the UK business, most of our equity exposure is incurred in the with-profits
fund, which includes a large inherited estate estimated at £5.9 billion as at 30
June 2010 (30 June 2009: £5.0 billion), which can absorb market fluctuations and
protect the funds solvency. The inherited estate itself is partially protected
against falls in equity markets through an active hedging policy.
In Asia, a high proportion of our in-force book is made up of unit-linked
products with limited shareholder exposure to equities. We have minimal direct
shareholder exposure to Asian equity markets outside our unit-linked holdings.
In the US, where we are a leading provider of variable annuities, there are
well-understood risks associated with the guarantees embedded in our products.
We provide guarantees for minimum death benefits (GMDB) on all policies in this
class, minimum withdrawal benefits (GMWB) on 59 per cent of the book, and
minimum income benefits (GMIB) on only seven per cent. To protect the
shareholders against the volatility induced by these embedded options, we use
both a comprehensive hedging programme and reinsurance. Due to the inability to
economically reinsure or hedge the GMIB, Jackson ceased offering this benefit in
2009.
In our variable annuity sales activities, we focus on meeting the needs of
conservative and risk averse customers who are seeking reliable income in
retirement, and who display little tendency to arbitrage their guarantees. These
customers generally select conservative investment options. We are able to meet
the needs of these customers because our unique and market leading operational
platform allows us to tailor more than 1,700 product combinations.
It is our philosophy not to compete on price. Our individual guarantees tend to
be more expensive than the market average because we seek to sell at a price
capable of funding the cost we incur to hedge or reinsure our risks.
We use a macro approach to hedging that covers the entire risk in the US
business. Within this macro approach we make use of the natural offsets that
exist between the variable annuity guarantees and the fixed index annuity book,
and then use a combination of OTC options and futures to hedge the residual
risk, allowing for significant market shocks and limiting the amount of capital
we are putting at risk. Internal positions are generally netted before any
external hedge positions are considered. The hedging programme also covers the
fees on variable annuity guarantees.
Jackson hedges the economics of its products rather than the accounting result.
Accordingly, while its hedges are effective on an economic basis, due to different
accounting treatment for the hedges and some of the underlying hedged items on an IFRS
basis, the reported income effect is more variable. As previously highlighted this resulted
in recognition of £123 million of equity hedge gains in the period (net of related
DAC amortisation) as compared to £23 million of losses recognised in the first
half of 2009.
ii Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk arises primarily from Prudentials investments in long-term
debt and fixed income securities. Interest rate risk also exists in policies
that carry investment guarantees on early surrender or at maturity, where claim
values can become higher than the value of backing assets as a result of rises
or falls in interest rates.
In the US there is interest rate risk across the portfolio. With its large fixed
annuity and fixed index annuity books, Jackson has natural offsets for its
variable annuity interest rate related risks. Jackson manages fixed annuity
interest rate exposure though a combination of interest rate swaps and interest
rate options, to protect capital against rates rising quickly, and through the
contractual ability to reset crediting rates annually.
In the UK the investment policy for the shareholder-backed annuity business is
to match the cash flow from investments with the annuity payments. As a result,
assets and liabilities are closely matched by duration. The impact on profit of
any residual cash flow mismatching can be adversely affected by changes in
interest rates, therefore the mismatching position is regularly monitored.
The exposure to interest rate risk arising from Asia is at modest levels.
iii Foreign exchange risk
Prudential principally operates in the UK, the US, and in 13 countries in Asia. The
geographical diversity of our businesses means that we are inevitably subject to the
risk of exchange rate fluctuations. Prudentials international operations in the
US and Asia, which represent a significant proportion of our operating profit and
shareholders' funds, generally write policies and invest in assets denominated in
local currency. Although this practice limits the effect of exchange rate fluctuations
on local operating results, it can lead to significant fluctuations in our consolidated
financial statements when results are expressed in pounds sterling.
26 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
We do not generally seek to hedge foreign currency revenues, as these are
substantially retained locally to support the growth of the Groups business and
meet local regulatory and market requirements. However, in cases where a surplus
arising in an overseas operation supports Group capital or shareholders'
interest, this exposure is hedged if it is economically optimal to do so.
Currency borrowings, swaps and other derivatives are used to manage exposures.
b Credit risk
In addition to business unit operational limits on credit risk, we monitor
closely our counterparty exposures at Group level, highlighting those that are
large or of concern. Where appropriate, we will reduce our exposure, purchase
credit protection or make use of collateral arrangements to control our levels
of credit risk.
Debt portfolio
Our debt portfolio on an IFRS basis was £113.3 billion at 30 June 2010. £53.1
billion of these assets backed shareholder business, of which 95 per cent were
investment grade, compared to 93 per cent at 30 June 2009. Sovereign debt
backing shareholder business represented 16.5 per cent of the portfolio, or
£8.75 billion at 30 June 2010. Exposures to sovereign debt have increased since
December due mainly to an enlarged position in US Treasuries, of which 75 per
cent was rated AAA and 93 per cent investment grade. Eurozone sovereign
exposures backing shareholder business were £3.6 billion at 30 June 2010, of
which 98 per cent were AAA rated. Of the remaining two per cent, the highest
exposure was in respect of Italy (£53 million) and Spain (less than £1 million)
whilst there was no exposure to Greece, Portugal or Ireland. In addition,
sovereign exposure to Thailand is £122 million.
Asia
Asias debt portfolio totalled £12.4 billion at 30 June 2010. Of this,
approximately 70 per cent was in unit-linked and with-profits funds with minimal
shareholders' risk. The remaining 30 per cent is shareholder exposure and is
invested predominantly (79 per cent) in investment grade bonds. For Asia, the
portfolio has performed very well, and did not experience any default losses in
the first half of 2010.
UK
The UKs debt portfolio on an IFRS basis is £72.1 billion as at 30 June 2010,
including £45.9 billion within the UK with-profits fund. Shareholders' risk
exposure to the with-profits fund is limited as the solvency is protected by the
large inherited estate. Outside the with-profits fund there is £5.6 billion in
unit-linked funds where the shareholders' risk is limited, with the remaining
£20.5 billion backing the shareholders' annuity business and other non-linked
business (of which 79 per cent is rated AAA to A, 17 per cent BBB and four per
cent non-investment grade).
On a statutory (Pillar 1) basis we have held prudent credit reserves within the
UK shareholder annuity funds of £1.7 billion to allow for future credit risk.
For Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL) this allowance is set at 67bps
at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009: 71bps). This now represents 39 per cent of
the portfolio spread over swaps compared to 41 per cent as at 31 December 2009.
No defaults were reported on the debt portfolio held by the UK
shareholder-backed annuity business in the first half of 2010.
During the first half of 2010 we continued to materially reduce our holdings in
subordinated financial debt backing our annuity business, improving the overall credit
quality of our bond portfolios. This has resulted in gross losses of £85 million
on shareholder-backed business and £37 million on policyholder-backed business
in the period. On a Pillar I basis these losses have been fully offset by a
reduction in long-term default reserves of £85 million shareholder/£31 million
policyholder that arose as a result of the improvement in the quality of our
remaining bond portfolios and a further £6 million policyholder release of
short-term default reserves which were allocated to the assets sold. On an IFRS
basis, the gross costs less the reduction in long-term and short-term default
reserves resulted in a small overall pre-tax loss to the policyholders (£4
million) and had no impact on IFRS pre-tax shareholder operating profit.
US
The most significant area of exposure to credit risk for the shareholders is
Jackson in the US. At 30 June 2010 Jacksons fixed income portfolio totalling
£27.4 billion, comprised £20.5 billion corporate and government debt, £3.3
billion of Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (RMBS), £2.5 billion of
Commercial Mortgage Backed Securities (CMBS) and £1.1 billion of other
instruments.
The US corporate and government debt portfolio of £20.5 billion is
comprised of £17.8 billion of corporate debt and £2.7 billion of government
debt. Of the £17.8 billion of corporate debt, 95 per cent is investment grade.
Concentration risk within the corporate debt portfolio is low, with the top ten
holdings accounting for approximately eight per cent of the portfolio. The
non-investment grade corporate debt portfolio is also well diversified with an
average holding of £8 million. Our largest sector exposures in the investment
grade corporate debt portfolio are Utilities and Energy at 16 per cent and 15
per cent respectively. We actively manage the portfolio and will sell exposures
as events dictate.
Within the RMBS portfolio of £3.3 billion, the agency guaranteed portion is 57
per cent. Another 21 per cent of the portfolio is non-agency prime and Alt-A
investments with pre-2006/2007 vintages, where experience has been much more
positive than later vintages. Our exposure to the 2006/2007 vintages totals £429
million of which £412 million is invested in the senior part of the capital
structure, thereby significantly reducing the risk of defaults and the magnitude
of loss if a shortfall does occur. The actual exposure to non-senior 2006/2007
Prime and Alt-A RMBS is only £17 million. The total RMBS portfolio has an
average fair value price of 87 cents on the dollar.
27
Business review Risk and capital management continued
The CMBS £2.5 billion portfolio is performing strongly, with 33 per cent of the
portfolio rated AAA and less than one per cent rated below investment grade. The
entire portfolio has an average credit enhancement level of 30 per cent. This
level provides significant protection, since it means the bond has to incur a 30
per cent loss, net of recoveries, before we are at risk.
In Jackson, total amounts charged to profits relating to debt securities were £
161 million (2009: £366 million). This is net of recoveries/reversals recognised
in the year of £3 million (2009: £2 million).
In the first half of 2010, Jacksons total defaults were nil (2009: less than
one million). In addition, as part of our active management of the book, we
incurred losses net of recoveries and reversals of £97 million (2009: £42
million) on the sale of impaired bonds.
IFRS write-downs excluding defaults for the half year were £64 million compared to
£324 million in the equivalent period of 2009. Of this amount £39 million
(2009: £239 million) was in respect of RMBS securities.
The impairment process reflects a rigorous review of every single bond and
security in our portfolio. Our accounting policy requires us to book full
mark-to-market losses on impaired securities through our income statement.
However we would expect only a proportion of these losses eventually to turn
into defaults, and some of the impaired securities to recover in price over
time.
Unrealised gains and losses on debt securities in the US Jacksons net unrealised
gains from debt securities has steadily improved from negative £2,897 million at 31
December 2008 to positive £4 million at 31 December 2009 to £1.2 billion at 30
June 2010. The gross unrealised loss position moved from £966 million at 31 December
2009 to £521 million at 30 June 2010. Gross unrealised losses on securities priced at
less than 80 per cent of face value totalled £340 million at 30 June 2010 compared to
£594 million at 31 December 2009.
Asset management
The debt portfolio of the Groups asset management operations of £1.5 billion as
at 30 June 2010 is principally related to Prudential Capital operations. Of this
amount, substantially all were rated AAA to A- by S&P or AAA by Moodys.
Loans
Of the total Group loans of £9.6 billion at 30 June 2010, £7.5 billion are held
by shareholder-backed operations comprised of £5.0 billion commercial mortgage
loans and £2.5 billion of other loans.
Of this total held by shareholder-backed operations, the Asian insurance
operations held £0.5 billion of other loans, the majority of which are
commercial loans held by the Malaysian operation that are rated investment grade
by two local rating agencies. The US insurance operations held £4.5 billion of
loans, comprising £3.9 billion of commercial mortgage loans, all of which are
collateralised by properties, and £0.6 billion of policy loans. The US
commercial mortgage loan portfolio does not include any single-family
residential mortgage loans and therefore is not exposed to the risk of defaults
associated with residential sub-prime mortgage loans. The UK insurance
operations held £1.1 billion of loans, the majority of which are mortgage loans
collateralised by properties.
The balance of the total shareholder loans amounts to £1.4 billion and relates
to bridging loan finance managed by Prudential Capital.
c Insurance risk
The processes of determining the price of our products and reporting the results
of our long-term business operations require us to make a number of assumptions.
In common with other industry players, the profitability of our businesses
depends on a mix of factors including mortality and morbidity trends,
persistency, investment performance, unit cost of administration and new
business acquisition expenses. We continue to conduct rigorous research into
longevity risk using data from our substantial annuitant portfolio. Prudentials
persistency assumptions reflect recent experience for each relevant line of
business, and any expectations of future persistency. Where appropriate,
allowance is also made for the relationship - either assumed or historically
observed - between persistency and investment returns, and for the resulting
additional risk.
d Liquidity risk
The holding company has significant internal sources of liquidity which are
sufficient to meet all of our expected requirements for the foreseeable future
without having to make use of external funding. In aggregate the Group has £2.2
billion of undrawn committed facilities, including £1.7 billion of syndicated
and bilateral committed banking facilities, expiring between 2011 and 2013, and
an annually renewable £500 million committed securities lending facility. In
addition the Group has access to liquidity via the debt capital markets. Recent
issues include two hybrid instruments for approximately £850 million in 2009 and
a £250 million senior three-year MTN in 2010. Prudential also has in place an
unlimited commercial paper programme and has maintained a consistent presence as
an issuer in this market for the last 10 years. Liquidity uses and sources have
been assessed at a business unit level under base case and stressed assumptions.
The liquidity resources available and the subsequent Liquidity Coverage Ratio
(LCR) have been assessed to be sufficient under both sets of assumptions.
2 Non-financial risk
Prudential is exposed to operational, business environment and strategic risk in
the course of running its businesses. We process a large number of complex
transactions across numerous and diverse products, and are subject to a number
of different legal and regulatory, including tax regimes. We also have a
significant number of third-party relationships that are important to the
distribution and processing of our products, both as market counterparties and
as business partners.
We use the qualitative and quantitative analysis of operational risk exposures
material to the Group to support business decisions, to inform overall levels of
capital held and to assess the adequacy of the corporate insurance programme.
3 Risk factors and contingencies
Our disclosures covering risk factors can be found at the end of this document.
Note AC of the IFRS basis condensed consolidated financial statements gives an
update on the position for contingencies of the Group since those published in
the 2009 Annual Report.
28 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Capital management
Regulatory capital (IGD)
Prudential is subject to the capital adequacy requirements of the European Union
(EU) Insurance Groups Directive (IGD) as implemented by the Financial Services
Authority (FSA) in the UK. The IGD capital adequacy requirements involves
aggregating surplus capital held in our regulated subsidiaries, from which Group
borrowings, except those subordinated debt issues that qualify as capital, are
deducted. No credit for the benefit of diversification is permitted under this
approach.
Our capital position remains strong. We have continued to place emphasis on
maintaining the Groups financial strength through optimising the balance
between writing profitable new business, conserving capital and generating cash.
We estimate that our Insurance Groups Directive (IGD) capital surplus was £3.4
billion at 30 June 2010 (before taking into account the 2010 interim dividend),
covering our capital requirements 2.7 times. This compares to a capital surplus
of £3.4 billion at the end of 2009 (before taking into account the 2009 second
interim dividend).
The movements during 2010 mainly comprise:
Net capital generation mainly through operating earnings (inforce releases
less investment in new business) of £0.8 billion;
Foreign exchange movements of £0.2 billion;
Offset by:
Final 2009 dividends, net of scrip, of £0.3 billion;
Inadmissible assets arising on the purchase of UOBs life insurance subsidiary
in Singapore of £0.2 billion;
Impact of costs incurred in relation to the terminated AIA acquisition of £0.3
billion; and
External financing costs and other central costs of £0.2 billion.
We continue to have further options available to us to manage available and
required capital. These could take the form of increasing available capital (for
example, through financial reinsurance) or reducing required capital (for
example, through the mix and level of new business) and the use of other risk
mitigation measures such as hedging and reinsurance.
In addition to our strong capital position, on a statutory (Pillar 1) basis the
total credit reserve for the UK shareholder annuity funds also protects our
capital position in excess of the IGD surplus. This credit reserve as at 30 June
2010 was £1.7 billion. This represents 39 per cent of the portfolio spread over
swaps, compared to the 41 per cent as at 31 December 2009.
Stress testing
As at 30 June 2010 stress testing of our IGD capital position to various events
has the following results:
An instantaneous 20 per cent fall in equity markets from 30 June 2010 levels
would reduce the IGD surplus by £250 million;
A 40 per cent fall in equity markets (comprising an instantaneous 20 per cent
fall followed by a further 20 per cent fall over a four-week period) would
reduce the IGD surplus by £650 million;
A 150bps reduction (subject to a floor of zero) in interest rates would reduce
the IGD surplus by £350 million;
Credit defaults of ten times the expected level would reduce IGD surplus by
£550 million.
We believe that the results of these stress tests, together with our Groups
strong underlying earnings capacity, our established hedging programmes and our
additional areas of financial flexibility, demonstrate that we are in a position
to withstand significant deterioration in market conditions.
We also use an economic capital assessment to monitor our capital requirements
across the Group, allowing for realistic diversification benefits and continue
to maintain a strong position. This assessment provides valuable insights into
our risk profile.
Solvency II
The European Union (EU) is developing a new solvency framework for insurance
companies, referred to as solvency II'. The Solvency II Directive, which sets
out the new solvency framework, was formally approved by the Economic and
Financial Affairs Council in November 2009. The new approach is based on the
concept of three pillars - minimum capital requirements, supervisory review of
firms' assessments of risk, and enhanced disclosure requirements.
Having assessed the high-level requirements of Solvency II, an implementation
programme was initiated with dedicated teams to manage the required work across
the Group. The activity of the local Solvency II teams is being coordinated by
Group Head Office to achieve consistency in the understanding and application of
the requirements.
Over the coming months we will be progressing our implementation plans further
and remaining in regular contact with the FSA as we prepare for the initial
stage of the approval process for the internal model.
29
Business unit review Insurance operations Asia
INSURANCE OPERATIONS ASIA
During the first half of 2010, Asian equity markets were adversely impacted by
concerns over the global economy and the likelihood of a 'double-dip' recession.
However there are few signs of any aggressive downgrading of growth forecasts in
Asia as markets consider that the Asia growth story is far less dependent on the
US than it has been in the past. The expectations for Chinas growth rates
appear to suggest they will moderate rather than stall and hence this will not
destabilise this region. Rapid inflation in India is a concern and the Indian
central bank has responded by increasing interest rates four times so far this
year.
The regions life insurance sector has continued to recover well from the
2008/2009 downturn. During the first quarter 2010 most territories reported
double digit growth in new business premiums compared to the same period in
2009. Local regulatory responses to the economic turmoil are in line with our
expectations and we are seeing increased emphasis on measures to strengthen the
industry. For example, in Korea the new Insurance Act includes new measures to
protect customers from aggressive selling techniques and in Singapore MAS have
proposed that insurers establish risk committees at the board level comprising a
majority of non executive directors. In India, the IRDA has prepared draft
guidelines for the IPO of insurance companies and these are expected to be
discussed with the industry and Stock Exchange over the coming months.
Strategy overview
Prudentials strategy in Asia remains firmly focused on expanding our
distribution reach via tied agency and partnerships together with continuing to
improve distributors' productivity. Our products provide financial solutions to
customers that meet their long-term savings and protection needs while balancing
capital efficiency and delivering excellent returns to shareholders. Although
this strategy is designed to deliver growth rates that exceed the market over
the long-term, we do not pursue headline growth for its own sake and so will not
offer products that we believe have a high risk of adversely impacting
shareholder value.
We are already successfully operating in the regions highest
value markets, however we do continue to keep under review opportunities to
expand into new territories.
Financial performance
During the first half of 2010, Prudential Asia delivered excellent new business
growth, continuing the trend seen in the first quarter this year. This
demonstrates the continued strength of our businesses in Asia and we expect this
strength to be reflected in an outperformance over market average growth in most
countries. At £713 million, new business APE for the first half of the year is
at a record high, exceeding the previous record of first half 2008 (£620
million) and 36 per cent ahead of the same period last year. This growth is
broadly based with all operations, except Korea, having delivered double digit
growth rates.
Agency remained the dominant distribution channel during the first half of 2010
generating 63 per cent of total APE (2009: 62 per cent) and Prudentials success
in managing agency is reflected by average agent numbers (ex India) growing by
15 per cent to 153,000 agents compared to the first half last year and average
APE per agent increasing by 11 per cent. Bank distribution has also performed
very well with APE up 42 per cent over the same period last year. Prudentials
new partnership with UOB has been particularly successful generating APE of £11
million already in Singapore and Thailand; Indonesias start has been slower due
to regulatory approvals for the partnership with UOB needing to be finalised.
Prudentials ongoing focus on higher margin regular premium business is
reflected by its proportion of total APE remaining at 94 per cent, as it was in
the first half of 2009. The proportion of linked business in the product mix for
the first half this year is 42 per cent, marginally higher than 41 per cent for
the same period last year. Although sales of health and protection products have
increased by 31 per cent to £184 million APE, their proportion of the sales mix
has declined marginally, from 27 per cent to 26 per cent reflecting their lower
premium size relative to the savings and protection components. This consistency
in delivering our product strategy is reflected by the stability of the EEV new
business profit margins that at 56 per cent are marginally up on the same period
last year (2009: 55 per cent). New business profits of £396 million are up 38
per cent on the same period last year demonstrating Prudentials success in
delivering top line growth and, importantly, maintaining profitability
discipline.
EEV operating profits of £636 million are up a very strong 59 per cent on the
first half 2009 with significant drivers being the increased new business
profits and increasing size of the in-force book and related profit. Following
the adjustments made to persistency assumptions last year, this half year
assumption changes are small at negative £14 million. Experience variances at
negative £45 million are 25 per cent lower than the same period last year. The
£45 million includes adverse persistency variances of negative £41 million and
other experience variances, including expenses of negative £31 million being
offset by positive claims variances of £28 million. Negative expense variances
arise in the newer operations as these continue to build scale. Given the scale
of EEV shareholder funds of the long-term business at £6.7 billion, these
experience variances and assumption changes remain small.
IFRS operating profits of £262 million are up 24 per cent over the same period
last year. Excluding the exceptional release of RBC related reserves in Malaysia last
year, operating profits are up a significant 76 per cent. The largest contributor to IFRS
profits for the first half this year was Indonesia, which grew by 67 per cent to
£70 million.
Free surplus new business strain excluding Japan was £123 million and total free
surplus generation of £198 million is up 90 per cent on the same period last
year. In total the Asia Life operations remitted a net £81 million of cash to
Group during the first half compared to £46 million last year, an increase of 76
per cent.
We continue to manage our investment in new business, focusing on
value creation. New business written in the period has an average internal rate
of return (IRR) in excess of 20 per cent and an average payback period of three
years.
30 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Asia
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
APE sales (excluding Japan) 713 524 36 555 28
NBP (excluding Japan) 396 286 38 303 31
NBP margin (excluding Japan) (% APE) 56% 55% 55%
NBP margin (% PVNBP) 11.9% 11.2% 11.3%
Total EEV operating profit* 636 401 59 418 52
Total IFRS operating profit* 262 212 24 224 17
* Operating profit from long-term operations excluding asset management
operations, development costs and Asia regional head office expenses and
including Japan.
Looking at developments in each of our major markets:
China
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 27 21 21
Percentage change 29% 29%
In China, Prudentials share of new business volumes for the first half of 2010,
reflecting our 50 per cent ownership, is £27 million up 29 per cent on 2009 and
represents our highest ever first half. CITIC Prudential remains one of the
leading foreign joint ventures in China and operates in 31 cities.
CITIC Prudential is growing multi channel distribution in China; in the first half the
mix of APE by distribution channel was approximately 50:50 agency and bancassurance.
Competition for agents in China is high but although our number declined by 20 per cent
in the first half 2010 compared to the same period last year, our focus on quality and
productivity management is demonstrated by an increase of 48 per cent in average APE per
agent. We work with a number of banks in China but the largest contributor to
APE is CITIC Bank where we have increased by 19 per cent the number of branches
we operate from 294 to a total of 350.
New business profit margins in China, at 44 per cent for the half year, are only
marginally lower than last year (2009: 45 per cent).
Hong Kong
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 130 95 92
Percentage change 37% 41%
Hong Kong continues to perform very well with growth rates closer to an emerging
market rather than those which might be expected from one of Asias more mature
economies. Prudential is well placed in Hong Kong as the market leading producer
of agency business and the exclusive partner in a very successful bancassurance
distribution agreement with Standard Chartered Bank.
First half 2010 APE of £130 million is up 37 per cent over the same period in
2009 with both agency and bank distribution performing very well. Average agent
numbers for the first half 2010 were up 15 per cent and the average APE per
agent was up 29 per cent. In the bank channel Financial Service Consultant
headcount has remained broadly in line with last year with increased production
being driven by higher conversion rates and higher average case sizes.
Production from bank staff has increased significantly over last year.
New business profit margins in Hong Kong remain very strong at 72 per cent with
the slight decline from 76 per cent for the first half last year resulting from
a lower proportion of protection products in the mix as average premiums for the
savings element of policies have increased.
31
Business unit review Insurance operations Asia continued
India
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 119 76 80
Percentage change 57% 49%
In India, ICICI-Prudential has seen resurgence in new business volumes during
the first half following on from the market related decline in 2009. The product
mix in India continues to be predominately unit-linked based. The regulatory
changes effective from this year designed to ensure customers treat investment
linked insurance products as longer term financial solutions did not affect our
performance because this has been the way we have consistently positioned these
products.
Agency remains our dominant distribution channel in India and although
the average number of agents has declined by 13 per cent to 227,000 agents as we
actively manage out non performers, average APE per agent has increased by 55
per cent reflecting the success of productivity related initiatives. We continue
to work with a number of bank partners in India that generated 27 per cent of
total APE and we are also successfully expanding into the broker channel with
APE generated from this channel up 200 per cent over the same period last year
and contributing 20 per cent of total APE. New business profit margins in India
at 20 per cent for the first half have increased by one percentage point over
the same period last year.
Indonesia
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 129 83 98
Percentage change 55% 32%
Growth in Indonesia continues at a fast pace with £129 million of new business
APE up 55 per cent on the first half of 2009. Agency continues to be the
predominant distribution channel and our successful agency management system has
driven an 18 per cent increase in average agency numbers to 82,000 for the half
year 2010 coupled with a 10 per cent increase in the average APE generated per
agent. These results demonstrate that regulatory changes implemented this year
to tighten agency licensing requirements in the industry have not impacted our
business.
New business in Indonesia is mostly protection business and unit-linked, of which within
unit-linked 22 per cent is takaful. New business profit margins in Indonesia remain very
strong at 71 per cent, up from 61 per cent for the first half of last year.
Korea
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 45 66 75
Percentage change (32)% (40)%
As seen during 2009, the market in Korea remains very challenging and a key
contributing factor to the 32 per cent decline in new business volumes over the
first half 2009 to £45 million. The performance in the first half of 2010
continues to be informed by our unwillingness to compete in the low margin, high
capital guaranteed products sector. Our average agent numbers in Korea have
declined by 39 per cent compared to the first half 2009, but we continue to
remain focussed on quality as reflected by a 11 per cent increase in average APE
per agent. Although generating a small proportion of total APE (nine per cent
for first half 2010), the bank channel had a stronger first half with APE up
more than double over prior year with Citibank and SC First Bank generating the
majority of the APE.
Persistency in Korea is on an improving trend, particularly during the first
year of policies' lives, which is significantly higher than the equivalent
cohort last year.
New business profit margins in Korea at 45 per cent have improved significantly
over the 36 per cent reported last year as the proportion of linked business in
the mix has increased from 71 per cent to 80 per cent.
Malaysia
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 77 52 56
Percentage change 48% 38%
Malaysia delivered an excellent first half with new business APE up 48 per cent
over the first half last year. Agency is Prudentials major distribution channel
in Malaysia and the success of our agency management is evidenced by average
agent numbers being up 12 per cent over the same period last year and average
APE per agent being up 25 per cent. Malaysia remains an exemplary operation in
terms of packaging higher margin protection components with core savings
policies and in 2010 we also launched a very popular new par product that
generated 20 per cent of new business APE during the period.
32 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Singapore
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 75 52 54
Percentage change 44% 39%
Singapore also had an exceptionally strong first half in 2010, with new business
volumes up 44 per cent to £75 million. Agency generated 73 per cent of APE
during the first half and although average agent numbers only increased by a
modest four per cent, productivity initiatives boosted average APE per agent by
31 per cent. APE from partnership distribution increased by 66 per cent,
supported by the new relationship with UOB bank that got underway in the first
quarter and is exceeding our performance expectations. To date sales from UOB
have been predominantly from bank staff as we are early in the process of
embedding our Financial Service Consultants.
During the first half, protection business still remains popular in Singapore
and represented 29 per cent of the total APE, and the proportion of linked
business increased to 25 per cent, up from 19 per cent for the same period last
year.
Taiwan
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 70 51 52
Percentage change 37% 35%
Following our exit from the agency channel in 2009, Taiwan is now successfully
focussed on bank distribution principally with partners E.Sun Bank and Standard
Chartered Bank. New business volumes of £70 million for the first half 2010 are
up 37 per cent on the same period last year. E.Sun Bank has delivered a
particularly material increase in activity from both the Financial Service
Consultants and bank staff.
We have increased the proportion of protection business in the product mix from
12 per cent to 16 per cent and this has supported an increase in average new
business profit margins of four percentage points from 15 per cent to 19 per
cent.
Others - Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
APE sales 41 27 27
Percentage change 52% 52%
In the first half Vietnam delivered a solid result with APE sales up 20 per cent
on the prior period. Both Philippines and Thailand have had record first halves
with growth of 150 per cent and 63 per cent respectively. In the Philippines
agent numbers have increased by 30 per cent and a new bancassurance initiative
with HSBC contributed 17 per cent of total APE in the first half. In Thailand
our new relationship with UOB got off to a very encouraging start and generated
38 per cent of new business.
Japan
We announced at the start of 2010 that PCA Life Japan was suspending writing new
business sales with effect from 15 February 2010. Sales for Japan in the first
half of 2010 amounted to £7 million (first half 2009: £29 million). In order to
reflect the results of our ongoing Asian operations, APE sales and NBP metrics
included in this report exclude the contribution from Japan.
33
Business unit review Insurance operations United States
INSURANCE OPERATIONS UNITED STATES
The United States is the worlds largest retirement savings market. Each year as
more of the 78 million baby boomers1 reach retirement age, additional amounts of
retirement assets will shift from asset accumulation to income distribution.
There are already $2 trillion of assets generating retirement income in the US -
and this amount is forecast to rise to some $7.3 trillion by 20292.
During the first half of 2010, the US financial services industry continued to
face many challenges. The continued recovery witnessed in the first quarter -
the S&P 500 index increased five per cent, interest rates remained relatively
steady and AA corporate spreads and volatility declined somewhat from year-end
2009 levels - was reversed in the second quarter - the S&P 500 index ended the
first half of the year down 7.6 per cent, 10-year Treasury rates dropped below
three per cent, swap rates declined to approximate historic lows, AA corporate
spreads increased slightly and volatility increased to levels more consistent
with the end of the first half of 2009.
These unstable market conditions continue to provide a competitive advantage to
companies with strong financial strength ratings and a relatively consistent
product set. Companies that were hardest hit by the market disruption over the
past 24 months are still struggling to regain market share as customers are
increasingly seeking product providers that offer consistency, stability and
financial strength. Jackson has continued to benefit significantly from this
flight to quality. Through its financial stability and innovative products that
provide clear value to the consumer, Jackson has established a reputation as a
high-quality and reliable business partner, with sales increasing as more
advisers have recognised the benefits of working with Jackson.
Jacksons strategy remains focused on increasing volumes in variable annuities
whilst managing fixed annuity sales in line with the goal of capital
preservation. There were no institutional sales during the first half of 2010,
as we directed available capital to support higher-margin variable annuity
sales.
Financial performance
Jackson delivered total APE sales of £560 million in the first half of 2010,
representing a 43 per cent increase over the same period of 2009. APE retail
sales in the first half of 2010 were also £560 million, the highest half-year
total in the companys history. This achievement continues to demonstrate the
resilience of Jacksons business model, as well as high-quality products,
exceptional wholesaling support and consistency demonstrated throughout the
economic downturn.
In light of continued volatility in US equity markets, and historically low
interest rates, customers are increasingly seeking to mitigate equity risk while
receiving an acceptable return through the purchase of fixed index annuities and
variable annuities with guaranteed living benefits. Jackson is a beneficiary of
this trend.
Variable annuity APE sales of £447 million through June 2010 were up
77 per cent from the same period of 2009, with second quarter APE sales of £246
million, up 22 per cent on the first quarter, despite an environment in which
equity markets declined 13 per cent in May and June. In the first quarter of
2010, Jackson ranked fourth in new variable annuity sales in the US with a
market share of 10 per cent, up from eighth and a market share of five per cent
in the first quarter of 20093. With significant sales increases and continued
low surrender rates, Jackson also ranked first in variable annuity net flows in
the first quarter of 2010, up from fifth in the first quarter of 20094.
Fixed annuity APE sales of £42 million were down 40 per cent from the prior
year, as consumer demand for the products fell due to the low interest rate
environment. Jacksons new business opportunities were balanced with the goals
of capital and cash conservation. Jackson ranked ninth in sales of traditional
deferred fixed annuities during the first quarter of 2010, with a market share
of three per cent5.
Fixed index annuity (FIA) APE sales of £60 million in the first half of 2010
were up three per cent over the first half of 2009. Industry FIA sales have
benefited from an increase in customer demand for products with guaranteed rates
of return, coupled with additional upside potential linked to stock market index
performance. Additionally, Jacksons FIA sales have benefited from the companys
strong financial strength ratings and disruptions among some of the top FIA
sellers. Jackson ranked fourth in sales of fixed index annuities during the
first quarter of 2010, with a market share of 6.9 per cent, up from sixth and a
market share of five per cent in the first quarter of 20096.
Retail annuity net flows increased 93 per cent, reflecting the benefit of record
sales and continued low levels of surrender activity.
Jackson has maintained the same financial strength ratings for more than seven
years and, during 2009 and 2010, all four of the major rating agencies affirmed
Jacksons financial strength ratings.
Jackson achieved extraordinary EEV new business margins in 2009, partially as a
result of our ability to take advantage of extreme dislocation in the corporate
bond market. While the recovery in the corporate bond market has led to somewhat
lower EEV new business margins due to lower spreads in 2010, we continue to write
new business at internal rates of return in excess of 20 per cent, with a payback
period of two years.
The abnormally high spread assumptions in 2009 included a provision that
crediting rates and spreads would normalise in the future.
EEV basis new business profits of £361 million were up 24 per cent on the first
half of 2009, reflecting a 43 per cent increase in APE sales offset somewhat by
lower new business margins. Total new business margin was 64 per cent, compared
to 74 per cent achieved in the first half of 2009.
Notes
1 Source: US Census Bureau
2 Source: Tiburon Strategic Advisers, LLC
3 Source: VARDS
4 Source: Morning Star
5 Source: LIMRA
6 Source: The Advantage Group
34 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
United States
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
APE sales 560 392 43 383 46
NBP 361 292 24 286 26
NBP margin (% APE) 64% 74% 74%
NBP margin (% PVNBP) 6.5% 7.5% 7.5%
Total EEV operating profit* 667 501 33 490 36
Total IFRS operating profit* 450 217 107 212 112
* Based on longer-term investment returns excludes broker-dealer, fund
management and Curian
The variable annuity new business margin of 71 per cent in the first half of
2010 held steady with the same period in 2009, as lower spreads on the
guaranteed funds were offset by an increase in the take-up rate on guaranteed
benefits - particularly guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits.
The fixed index annuity new business margin decreased from 85 per cent in the
first half of 2009 to 45 per cent in the first half of 2010 due to decreased
spread assumptions and an increase in the discount rate for short-term credit
risk. These factors also caused the fixed annuity new business margin to
normalise from 77 per cent to 31 per cent. For both products, the spread
assumptions decreased due primarily to abnormally high investment yields during
the first half of 2009.
Total EEV basis operating profit for the long-term business in the first half of
2010 was £667 million, compared to £501 million in the first half of 2009.
In-force EEV profits of £306 million for the first half of 2010 were 46 per cent
higher than the first half 2009 profit of £209 million. Experience variances and
other items were £42 million higher in the first half of 2010 due primarily to
favourable spread and persistency variances that were partially offset by lower
expense and mortality variances.
In the first half of 2010, Jackson invested £179 million of free surplus to
write £560 million of new business, which equated on average to £32 million per
£100 million of APE sales (2009: £43 million). The reduction in capital
consumption year-on-year was caused predominantly by the differing business mix
in the first half of 2010, when Jackson wrote a higher proportion of variable
annuity business while maintaining a very disciplined approach to fixed and
fixed index annuity pricing.
IFRS pre-tax operating profit for the long-term business1 was £450 million in
the first half of 2010, more than double the £217 million in the first half of
2009. This increase was primarily due to higher separate account fee income as
the equity markets rallied throughout the second half of 2009 and first quarter
of 2010, higher spread income and a £123 million benefit from net equity hedging
gains. Jackson hedges the product economics rather than the accounting results
and higher hedge gains were primarily a result of market movements during the first
half of 2010 (S&P 500 down 7.6 per cent in first half 2010, up 1.8 per cent in
first half 2009) and the accounting differences that arise as the liabilities for
certain guaranteed minimum death and withdrawal benefits are not marked to fair value
similarly to the hedging instrument. Hedging results also benefited from Jacksons
separate accounts outperforming the overall market. Jacksons separate accounts
historically outperform in down markets and lag somewhat in rising markets given
the mix of assets in our underlying portfolios.
At 30 June 2010, Jackson had £24 billion in separate account assets. Separate
account assets averaged £9 billion higher than during the same period of 2009,
reflecting the impact of sales and the improved market performance during the
second half of 2009. This increase, combined with the increasing take-up rate on
VA guaranteed benefits, resulted in VA fee income of £342 million during the
first half of 2010, up 68 per cent over the £204 million during the first half
of 2009.
With the improvement in the bond and equity markets throughout the second half
of 2009 and first half of 2010, and active management of the investment
portfolio to reduce certain investment risks in 2010, Jackson had net realised
gains of £8 million in the first half of 2010 compared to net realised losses of
£291 million in the first half of 2009. Jackson incurred losses, net of
recoveries and reversals, on credit related sales of bonds of £97 million
(2009:£42 million). Write downs were £64 million (£324 million in first half of
2009), including £39 million on RMBS and £25 million on ABS. More than
offsetting these losses were interest related gains of £169 million (2009: £75
million), primarily due to sales of lower rated CMBS and corporate debt.
Gross unrealised losses improved from £966 million at 31 December 2009 to £521
million at 30 June 2010. The net unrealised gain position has also improved
significantly, from £4 million at 31 December 2009 to £1,171 million at 30 June
2010 due primarily to a 91bp decline in the US Treasury rates offset somewhat by
slightly higher AA corporate spreads.
Note
1 Jackson IFRS operating profit of £450 million includes £123 million of net
equity hedging gains (2009: £23 million losses) representing the movement in
fair value of free standing derivatives included in operating profit and the
movement in the accounting value of guarantees in Jacksons variable and fixed
index annuity products, a significant proportion of which are not fair valued,
net of related DAC. Excluding these amounts, which are variable in nature,
Jackson IFRS operating profit increased by 36 per cent as compared to half year
2009.
35
Business unit review Insurance operations United Kingdom
INSURANCE
OPERATIONS
UNITED KINGDOM
Prudential UK continues to focus on balancing writing new business with
sustainable cash generation and capital preservation. By competing selectively
in the UKs retirement savings and income markets, it has successfully generated
attractive returns on capital employed.
The business remains a market leader in both individual annuities and
with-profits and has a unique combination of competitive advantages including
longevity experience, multi-asset investment capabilities, strong brand and
financial strength.
Financial performance
Total APE sales for the first half of 2010 of £382 million were two per cent up
on 2009. This performance is entirely consistent with Prudential UKs strategy
of not pursuing top-line sales growth as a business objective but instead
deploying capital to opportunities that play to the core strengths of the
business, which has enabled it to continue writing profitable new business while
maintaining margins.
Prudential UK writes with-profits annuity, with-profits bond and with-profits
corporate pensions business in its life fund, with other products backed by
shareholder capital. The weighted average post-tax IRR on the shareholder
capital allocated to new business growth in Prudential UK was in excess of 15
per cent.
Prudential UK has a strong individual annuity business, built on a robust profit
flow from its internal vestings pipeline from maturing individual and corporate
pension policies. This strong flow of business is supplemented by strategic
partnerships with third parties where Prudential is the recommended annuity
provider for customers vesting their pensions at retirement.
During the first half of 2010, Prudential UK continued to actively manage sales
volumes to control capital consumption. Total individual annuity sales of APE
£112 million were two per cent lower than the first half of 2009. With-profits
sales for the half-year were 22 per cent of total annuity sales, compared with
14 per cent for the corresponding period last year, due to the success of the
innovative new Income Choice Annuity launched in March 2009.
Internal vestings were 12 per cent down on 2009, principally due to lower asset
values in the first quarter and the proportion of customers vesting with Prudential
UK being lower than in the first half of 2009.
Onshore bond sales of APE £69 million were down nine per cent, including
with-profits bond sales of APE £60 million which were 15 per cent down on the
first half of 2009. PruFund made up 77 per cent of total with-profits bonds,
with sales continuing to be driven by customer demand for products offering a
smoothed investment return and optional guarantees. Unit-linked bond sales at
APE £9 million were £4 million (71 per cent) above the first half of 2009,
helped by the launch of Pru Dynamic funds in January 2010.
Within corporate pensions, Prudential UK continues to focus principally on the
opportunities from Additional Voluntary Contribution (AVC) arrangements to the
public sector as well as opportunities from the substantial existing Defined
Contribution book of business. Prudential administers corporate pensions for
over 600,000 members. Prudential UK has been the sole AVC provider to Teachers
Pensions for 20 years and provides AVCs to 65 of the 99 Local Government
Authorities in England and Wales. For the first half of 2010, corporate pension
sales of APE £122 million were six per cent above 2009 and growth into existing
schemes has remained healthy.
Sales of other products at APE £78 million were 11 per cent higher than in the
first half of 2009. Individual pension sales of £41 million (including income
drawdown) were 12 per cent up on the first half of 2009. Sales of the Flexible
Retirement Plan, Prudential UKs individual pension product with customer-agreed
remuneration, grew by 20 per cent to £12 million. Sales have been helped by
PruFund Cautious, launched in the fourth quarter of 2009, and the new Pru
Dynamic portfolio funds launched in January 2010, which together made up 29 per
cent of individual pension sales. Sales of the income drawdown product of APE £7
million were up 41 per cent on the same period last year, reflecting Prudential
UKs strong proposition with the option of guarantees either through PruFund or
traditional with-profits.
Prudential UK announced its exit from the equity release market in the last
quarter of 2009 due to the capital-intensive nature of the product and long
pay-back period. Sales of APE £5 million were broadly in line with 2009, driven
from the pipeline of business in progress and additional drawdowns on the
in-force book. Existing customers are not impacted in any way by the closure to
new business.
The PruHealth joint venture uses the Prudential brand and Discoverys expertise
to build branded distribution in Health and Protection. In August 2010,
Discovery announced the completion of the acquisition of Standard Life
Healthcare and its combination with the PruHealth business. This acquisition was
fully funded by Discovery and as a result, Prudential reduced its shareholding
in the combined business from 50 per cent to 25 per cent with effect from 1
August 2010, the date of the acquisition. PruHealth currently has 220,000 lives
insured, an increase of five per cent over the last year. PruProtect sales at
APE £11 million were £5 million (98 per cent) up on the first half of 2009,
supported by the launch of the 'Essential' Plan in November 2009.
36 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
United Kingdom
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
APE sales 382 376 2 376 2
NBP 135 122 11 122 11
NBP margin (% APE) 35% 32% 32%
NBP margin (% PVNBP) 4.4% 4.0% 4.0%
Total EEV operating profit 472 433 9 433 9
Total IFRS operating profit 330 330 - 330 -
Prudential UK has maintained a strict focus on value in the bulk annuity and
back-book markets. In the first half of 2010, Prudential UK did not write any
new business in this market reflecting its disciplined approach of only
participating in transactions that meet its strict return on capital
requirements.
EEV new business profit increased by 11 per cent to £135 million in the first
half of 2010 from £122 million in 2009, reflecting an increase in new business
margin to 35 per cent from 32 per cent. This was primarily due to increased
margins on with-profits bond business together with strong margins achieved on
shareholder-backed annuity business.
EEV basis total operating profit based on longer-term investment returns of £472
million (including £23 million of general insurance commission), was up nine per
cent compared with the first half of 2009. This was mainly the result of the
in-force operating profit (at £314 million) being up 11 per cent on the first
half of 2009. The increase in in-force operating profit was principally within
the shareholder-backed annuity business.
Prudential UK continues to manage actively the retention of the in-force book.
During the first half of 2010, experience at an aggregate level has been in line
with long-term assumptions.
The average free surplus undiscounted payback period for business written in the
first half of 2010 was five years.
Total IFRS operating profit remained stable in 2010 at £330 million. Non-long
term business IFRS profit reflected a profit of £23 million from general
insurance commission, 15 per cent below 2009 due to lower in-force policy
numbers as the business matures.
Prudential UK has continued to make good progress against its cost reduction
plans. As previously announced, the first phase of the programme delivered
savings of £115 million per annum, with a further £80 million per annum expected
to be delivered by the end of 2010. By 30 June 2010, the total annual cost
savings target of £195 million per annum savings had been delivered, which was
earlier than originally planned.
Financial strength of the UK Long-term Fund
On a realistic valuation basis, with liabilities recorded on a market consistent
basis, the free assets were valued at approximately £5.9 billion at 30 June
2010, before a deduction for the risk capital margin. The value of the
shareholders interest in future transfers from the UK with-profits fund is
estimated at £2.2 billion. The financial strength of PAC is rated AA (negative
watch) by Standard & Poors, Aa2 (negative outlook) by Moodys and AA+ (negative
watch) by Fitch Ratings.
Despite continued volatility in financial markets, the with-profits sub-fund
performed relatively strongly with the with-profits life fund achieving a 2.6
per cent investment return in the first half of the year.
Inherited estate of Prudential Assurance
The assets of the main with-profits fund within the long-term insurance fund of
PAC are comprised of the amounts that it expects to pay out to meet its
obligations to existing policyholders and an additional amount used as working
capital. The amount payable over time to policyholders from the with-profits
fund is equal to the policyholders' accumulated asset shares plus any additional
payments that may be required by way of smoothing or to meet guarantees. The
balance of the assets of the with-profits fund is called the 'inherited estate'
and has accumulated over many years from various sources.
The inherited estate represents the major part of the working capital of PACs
long-term insurance fund. This enables PAC to support with-profits business by
providing the benefits associated with smoothing and guarantees, by providing
investment flexibility for the funds assets, by meeting the regulatory capital
requirements that demonstrate solvency and by absorbing the costs of significant
events or fundamental changes in its long-term business without affecting the
bonus and investment policies. The size of the inherited estate fluctuates from
year to year depending on the investment return and the extent to which it has
been required to meet smoothing costs, guarantees and other events.
37
Business unit review Asset management M&G
ASSET MANAGEMENT M&G
Global
The Groups asset management businesses provide value to the insurance
businesses within the Group by delivering sustained superior performance. They
are also important profit generators in their own right, having low capital
requirements and generating significant cash flow for the Group.
We believe that our asset management businesses are well placed to capitalise on
their leading market positions and strong track records in investment
performance to deliver net flows and profit growth as well as strategically
diversifying the Groups investment propositions in retail financial services
markets that are increasingly favouring greater product transparency, greater
cross-border opportunities and more open-architecture investment platforms.
Wholesale profit steams are also growing.
The Groups asset management businesses operate different models and under
different brands tailored to their markets and strengths. However they continue
to work together by managing money for each other with clear regional specialism,
distributing each others products and sharing knowledge and expertise, such as
credit research.
Each business and its performance in 2010 is summarised below.
M&G
M&G is our UK and European fund manager, responsible for £178 billion of
investments as at 30 June 2010 on behalf of both internal and external clients.
M&G is an investment-led business which aims to deliver superior investment
performance and maximise risk-adjusted returns in a variety of macro-economic
environments. Through M&G we seek to add value to our Group by generating
attractive returns on internal funds as well as growing profits from the
management of third-party assets.
External funds now represent 42 per cent of M&Gs total funds under management
(FUM). M&Gs overall strategy is to focus first and foremost on investment
performance, by recruiting, developing and retaining market-leading investment talent,
and by creating the environment and infrastructure this talent needs to perform to its
full potential.
In the retail market, M&Gs strategy is to maximise the value of a centralised
investment function through a multi-channel, multi-geography distribution
approach. Key themes in recent years have included growing the proportion of
business sourced from intermediated channels and increased sales of UK-based
funds in European and other international markets.
M&Gs institutional strategy centres on leveraging capabilities developed
primarily for internal funds into higher-margin external business opportunities.
In recent years this has allowed M&G to operate at the forefront of a number of
specialist fixed income strategies, including leveraged finance and
infrastructure investment.
Financial performance
Profits at the operating level for the first half rose to £122 million, a 63 per
cent increase compared with the same period in 2009. This is a record level of
interim profits for M&G and reflects primarily higher equity market levels. A
continuation of exceptionally strong net inflows, particularly in the Retail
Business, and increased sales of more profitable equity products also
contributed to the rise.
The Retail Business in the UK and Europe continued to attract exceptional levels
of new money. Net inflows, including South Africa, totalled £3.4 billion for the
first six months of the year. Although this was lower than the £4.1 billion
gathered during the same period in 2009, it is far higher than we anticipated at
the start of the year.
We had expected inflows to return to more normal levels this year after a record
2009 for M&G, when clients invested heavily in its top-performing bond funds to
exploit a near unique opportunity in fixed income markets. However, retail fund
flows have continued to be exceptional and are now spread across a wider range
of funds. In the UK market M&G has now been the top net seller of retail funds
for six consecutive quarters.
Much of this is due to excellent investment performance. Over the three years
ending 30 June 2010, 34 per cent of M&Gs retail funds ranked in the top
quartile and 66 per cent of funds in the top half. The consistency and
excellence of its performance resulted in M&G being recently awarded the
prestigious Global Group of the Year 2010 nomination by Investment Week. This is
the second time in three years that M&G has received this award.
38 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
M&G
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
Net investment flows 4,674 8,625 (46) 8,625 (46)
Revenue 298 195 53 195 53
Other income 1 7 (86) 7 (86)
Staff costs (122) (85) 44 (85) 44
Other costs (58) (42) 38 (42) 38
Underlying profit before performance-related fees 119 75 59 75 59
Performance-related fees 3 - -
Operating profit from asset management operations 122 75 63 75 63
Operating profit from Prudential Capital 21 27 (22) 27 (22)
Total IFRS operating profit 143 102 40 102 40
Funds under management 178bn 149bn 19 149bn 19
The Institutional Business also attracted strong new business with net inflows
at £1.3 billion for the first half of 2010, including £1.1 billion of new money
into public debt funds and a new £0.1 billion into the Private Finance business.
This compares with net inflows of £4.6 billion for the same period last year,
although this was flattered by a single fixed income mandate for £4 billion.
Investment performance on the Institutional side continues to be particularly
strong with 95 per cent of our external mandates at or above benchmark over the
three years to 30 June 2010.
Net new business at the group level for the first half of 2010 remained strong
at £4.7 billion. This was in line with net inflows for the same period last
year, once the single institutional fixed income mandate of £4 billion is
excluded from the comparator figure.
M&Gs total funds under management at 30 June 2010 were £178.5 billion,
up two per cent on the 2009 year-end and up 19 per cent on the first half of 2009.
Total external funds under management at 30 June 2010 were £75.7 billion, a rise
of eight per cent since the start of the year and of 35 per cent compared with 30 June
2009. The increase in external funds in the first half represents the combined result
of market and other movements of £0.7 billion and net flows of £4.7 billion.
M&G continues to provide capital efficient profits and cash generation for the
Prudential Group, as well as strong investment returns on our long-term business
funds. Cash remittances of £80 million to date in 2010 to Group provided strong
support for the Groups corporate objectives.
Relative performance
In its core UK retail market, M&G continues to outsell all of its competitors.
Based on the Investment Management Association (IMA) UK retail numbers to the
end of June 2010 M&G had a 10 per cent market share in gross retail inflows and
a 19 per cent market share in net retail inflows. In consequence, M&Gs retail
assets under management have grown 13 per cent in the six months to the end of
June compared with four per cent growth for the market as a whole, according to
the IMA.
Prudential Capital
Prudential Capital manages Prudential Groups balance sheet for profit by
leveraging Prudential Groups market position. This business has three strategic
objectives: to operate a first-class wholesale and capital markets interface; to
realise profitable proprietary opportunities within a tightly controlled risk
framework; and to provide professional treasury services to the Prudential
Group. Prudential Capital generates revenue by providing bridging finance,
managing investments and operating a securities lending and cash management
business for the Prudential Group and its clients.
The business has consolidated its position in a period of difficult and volatile
markets, focusing on liquidity across the Prudential Group, management of
existing asset portfolio and conservative levels of new investment. Development
of new product and infrastructure has continued, helping to maintain the
dynamism and flexibility necessary to identify and realise opportunities for
profit within acceptable risk parameters. Prudential Capital is committed to
working closely with other business units across the Prudential Group to exploit
opportunities and increase value creation for Prudential as a whole. In
particular, Prudential Capital offers to the Prudential Group a holistic view on
hedging strategy, liquidity and capital management.
Prudential Capital has a diversified earnings base derived from its portfolio of
secured loans, debt investments and the provision of wholesale markets services.
As a result of lower operating revenue and prevailing market conditions, IFRS
operating profits decreased by 22 per cent to £21 million, however, PruCap still
delivered a cash remittance to the Group holding company of £50 million.
39
Business unit review Asset management Asia
Asia Asset Management
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
£m £m % £m %
Third-party net inflows (298) 1,456 (120) 1,565 (119)
Funds under management 46.1bn 35.8bn 29 41.0bn 12
Total IFRS operating profit 36 21 71 21 71
The net retail outflows for the first half were driven by substantial outflows
from money market funds in India with corporate clients bolstering their cash
positions ahead of the 3G telecom licence auction, the need for banks to hold
more cash as result of reserve ratio changes implemented by the Reserve Bank of
India and a surge in primary debt issuance. These net outflows masked what was
otherwise a successful first half of 2010 with net inflows to non money market
funds of £1,327 million of which £753 million was to higher margin equity funds.
Total funds under management (FUM) for the first half of 2010, at £46.1 billion,
were 29 per cent higher than the same period last year. The overall FUM level is
comprised of £21.6 billion from Prudentials Asian life funds, £4.2 billion
assets from the rest of the Group, and £20.3 billion from third parties.
IFRS operating profits of £36 million for the first half 2010 are up 71 per cent
on the same period last year principally on higher revenues.
40 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
BUSINESS REVIEW
Business unit review Asset management United States
US Asset Management
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
PPM America £m £m % £m %
Total IFRS operating profit 8 3 167 3 167
PPM America (PPMA) manages assets for Prudentials US, UK and Asian affiliates.
PPMA also provides other affiliated and unaffiliated institutional clients with
investment services including collateralised debt obligations (CDOs), private
equity funds, institutional accounts, and mutual funds. PPMAs strategy is
focused on managing existing assets effectively, maximising the benefits derived
from synergies with our international asset management affiliates, and
leveraging investment management capabilities across the Prudential Group. PPMA
also pursues third-party mandates on an opportunistic basis.
Financial performance
IFRS operating profit in the first half of 2010 was £8 million, compared to £3
million in the same period of 2009.
At 30 June 2010, funds under management of £54 billion were as follows:
Half year 2010
US UK Asia Total
£bn £bn £bn £bn
Insurance 33 15 - 48
Unitised - 1 4 5
CDOs 1 - - 1
Total funds under management 34 16 4 54
AER8 Half year 2009
US UK Asia Total
£bn £bn £bn £bn
Insurance 26 10 - 36
Unitised - 1 3 4
CDOs 1 - - 1
Total funds under management 27 11 3 41
US broker-dealer
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
Broker-dealer £m £m % £m %
Revenue 224 191 17 187 20
Costs (219) (189) 16 (185) 18
Total IFRS operating profit 5 2 150 2 150
National Planning Holdings, Inc. (NPH) is Jacksons affiliated independent
broker-dealer network. The business is comprised of four broker-dealer firms,
including INVEST Financial Corporation, Investment Centers of America, National
Planning Corporation, and SII Investments.
NPH continues to grow the business and attract new representatives. By utilising
high-quality, state-of-the-art technology, we provide NPHs advisers with the
tools they need to operate their practices more efficiently. At the same time,
through its relationship with NPH, Jackson continues to benefit from an
important retail distribution outlet, as well as receive valuable insights into
the needs of financial advisers and their clients.
Financial performance
NPH generated revenues of £224 million during the first half of the year, up
from £191 million in the same period of 2009, on gross product sales of £4.7
billion. The network continues to achieve profitable results, with IFRS
operating profit through 30 June 2010 of £5 million, a 150 per cent increase
from £2 million in the first half of 2009. At 30 June 2010, the NPH network had
3,455 registered advisers, down slightly from 3,478 at year-end 2009.
41
Business unit review Asset management United States continued
Curian
AER8 CER8
Half year Half year Half year
2010 2009 Change 2009 Change
Curian £m £m % £m %
Gross investment flows 669 270 148 264 153
Revenue 20 14 43 14 43
Costs (18) (17) 6 (17) 6
Total IFRS operating profit/(loss) 2 (3) 167 (3) 167
Curian Capital, Jacksons registered investment adviser, provides innovative
fee-based separately-managed accounts and investment products to advisers
through a sophisticated technology platform. Curian expands Jacksons access to
advisers while also complementing Jacksons core annuity product lines.
Financial performance
At 30 June 2010, Curian had total assets under management of £2.8 billion,
compared to £2.3 billion at the end of 2009 and £1.6 billion at 30 June 2009.
Curian generated deposits of £669 million through June 2010, up 148 per cent
over the same period in 2009. The increase in both deposits and assets under
management was mainly due to a rebound from the difficult conditions in the
equity markets in early 2009.
With Curians assets under management surpassing its break-even point in early
2010, Curian reported its first half-yearly IFRS basis operating profit during
the first half of 2010, with a net profit of £2 million versus a loss of £3
million during the first half of 2009.
42 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
45 European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results
50 Notes on the EEV basis results
79 Total insurance and investment products new
business
81 International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS) basis results
89 Notes on the IFRS basis results
147 Statement of directors' responsibilities
148 Combined IFRS basis results and EEV basis
results report
Independent review report to Prudential plc
43
Index to Group financial statements
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results
45 Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
47 Summary consolidated income statement
48 Movement in shareholders' equity
49 Summary statement of financial position
Notes on EEV basis results
50 1 Basis of preparation, methodology and accounting
presentation
56 2 Analysis of new business contribution
57 3 Operating profit from business in force
59 4 Costs of terminated AIA transaction
59 5 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
61 6 Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time
value of cost of options and guarantees
63 7 Shareholders' funds - segmental analysis
64 8 Analysis of movement in free surplus
65 9 Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-
financed operations
66 10 Reconciliation of movement in shareholders' funds
67 11 Tax attributable to shareholders' profit
68 12 Earnings per share
68 13 Reconciliation of net worth and value of
in-force business
71 14 Acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life
Assurance Limited
72 15 Sensitivity of results to alternative assumptions
73 16 Assumptions
78 17 Sale of the Taiwan agency business in 2009
78 18 Post balance sheet events
Total insurance and investment products new business
79 Total insurance and investment products new business
80 Investment products - funds under management
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results
Primary statements
81 Condensed consolidated income statement
82 Condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive
income
83 Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity:
30 June 2010
84 Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity:
30 June 2009
85 Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity:
31 December 2009
86 Condensed consolidated statement of financial position
88 Condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
Notes on IFRS basis results
89 A Basis of preparation and audit status
89 B Significant accounting policies
90 C Segment disclosure - Income statement
94 D Profit before tax - Asset management operations
94 E Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to
measure insurance assets and liabilities
97 F Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on
shareholder-backed business
99 G Costs of terminated AIA transaction
99 H Acquisition costs and other expenditure
100 I Allocation of investment return between
policyholders and shareholders
101 J Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated
surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance
102 K Sale of the Taiwan agency business in 2009
102 L Tax
107 M Supplementary analysis of earnings per share
108 N Dividends
109 O Group statement of financial position analysis
113 P Statement of financial position
121 Q Acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life Assurance
Limited
121 R Goodwill attributable to shareholders
122 S Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible
assets attributable to shareholders
124 T Valuation bases for Group assets
129 U Loans portfolio
130 V Debt securities portfolio
133 W Debt securities of US insurance operations:
Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses
and securities in an unrealised loss position
135 X Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-
financed operations
136 Y Other borrowings
136 Z Defined benefit pension schemes
141 AA Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and
unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
145 AB Share capital, share premium and own shares
146 AC Contingencies and related obligations
146 AD Related party transactions
146 AE Post balance sheet events
Statement of directors' responsibilities and
independent review report
147 Statement of directors' responsibilities
148 Independent review report by KPMG Audit Plc to
Prudential plc
44 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsi
Results analysis by business area
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
2010 £m 2009 £m
Note Half year Half Full yeariv,vi
yeariv,vi
Asian operations
New business:
Excluding Japan 2 396 286 725
Japanv (1) (9) (12)
Total 395 277 713
Business in force 3 241 124 392
Long-term business 636 401 1,105
Asset management 36 21 55
Development expenses (3) (5) (6)
Total 669 417 1,154
US operations
New business 2 361 292 664
Business in force 3 306 209 569
Long-term business 667 501 1,233
Broker-dealer and asset management 15 2 4
Total 682 503 1,237
UK operations
New business 2 135 122 230
Business in force 3 314 284 640
Long-term business 449 406 870
General insurance commission 23 27 51
Total UK insurance operations 472 433 921
M&G 143 102 238
Total 615 535 1,159
Other income and expenditure
Investment return and other income 5 13 22
Interest payable on core structural borrowings (129) (84) (209)
Corporate expenditure:
Group Head Office (86) (74) (146)
Asia Regional Head Office (27) (23) (57)
Charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes (3) (11) (5)
Charge for expected asset management margins ii (22) (16) (38)
Total (262) (195) (433)
Solvency II implementation costs (22) - -
Restructuring costsiii (5) (14) (27)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns v 1,677 1,246 3,090
Analysed as profits (losses) from:
New business:
Excluding Japan 2 892 700 1,619
Japanv (1) (9) (12)
Total 891 691 1,607
Business in force 3 861 617 1,601
Long-term business 1,752 1,308 3,208
Asset management 194 125 297
Other results (269) (187) (415)
Total 1,677 1,246 3,090
45
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results continued
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns1 continued
Notes
i EEV basis operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
excludes short-term fluctuations in investment returns, the mark to market value
movements on core borrowings, the shareholders' share of actuarial and other
gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes, and the effect of changes
in economic assumptions and changes in the time value of cost of options and
guarantees arising from changes in economic factors. In addition, in half year
2010 the Company incurred costs in relation to the termination of the agreement
for the combination of Prudential with AIA Group Limited which have been shown
separately from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns. In
2009, during the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first
quarter, coupled with historically high equity volatility, the Group entered
into exceptional short-dated hedging contracts to protect against potential tail
events on the Group IGD capital position. These contracts were in addition to
the Groups regular operational hedging programmes. It also disposed of its
Taiwan agency business. The effect of these items has been shown separately from
operating profit based on longer-term investment returns. The amounts for these
items are included in total EEV profit attributable to shareholders. The Company
believes that operating profit, as adjusted for these items, better reflects
underlying performance. Profit before tax and basic earnings per share include
these items together with actual investment returns. This basis of presentation
has been adopted consistently throughout these statements.
ii The value of future profits or losses from asset management and service
companies that support the Groups covered businesses are included in the
profits for new business and the in-force value of the Groups long-term
business. The results of the Groups asset management operations include the
profits from management of internal and external funds. For EEV basis reporting,
Group shareholders' other income is adjusted to deduct the expected margins for the
period on management of covered business. The deduction is on a basis consistent
with that used for projecting the results for covered business. Group operating profit
accordingly includes the variance between actual and expected profit in respect
of covered business.
iii Restructuring costs comprise the charge of £(3) million recognised on an
IFRS basis and an additional £(2) million recognised on the EEV basis for the
shareholders' share of restructuring costs incurred by the PAC with-profits fund.
iv In June 2009, the Group completed the sale of its Taiwan agency business. In order
to facilitate comparisons of the results of the Groups retained businesses the
effect of disposal and the results of the Taiwan agency business are shown separately.
v New business profits for the Groups Japanese insurance subsidiary, which ceased
selling new business with effect from 15 February 2010, have been presented separately
from those of the remainder of the Group.
vi Exchange translation The comparative results have been prepared using previously reported
exchange rates.
46 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Summary consolidated income statement
2010 £m 2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full year
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
Asian operations 669 417 1,154
US operations 682 503 1,237
UK operations:
UK insurance operations 472 433 921
M&G 143 102 238
615 535 1,159
Other income and expenditure (262) (195) (433)
Solvency II implementation costs (22) - -
Restructuring costs (5) (14) (27)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 1,677 1,246 3,090
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 5 (227) (707) 351
Mark to market value movements on core borrowings 9 (42) (108) (795)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes (25) (71) (84)
Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options
and guarantees 6 (52) (384) (910)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction 4 (377) - -
Profit on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 17 - 91 91
Profit from continuing operations before tax
(including actual investment returns) 954 67 1,743
Tax attributable to shareholders' profit 11 (140) (52) (481)
Profit from continuing operations after tax before non-controlling interests 814 15 1,262
Discontinued operations (net of tax) 1c - - (14)
Profit for the period 814 15 1,248
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 812 14 1,245
Non-controlling interests 2 1 3
Profit for the period 814 15 1,248
Earnings per share (in pence)
2010 2009
Note Half year Half year Full year
From operating profit based on longer-term investment returns,
after related tax and non-controlling interests of £1,210m
(half year 2009: £881m; full year 2009: £2,221m) 12 48.0p 35.4p 88.8p
Based on profit after tax and non-controlling interests of £812m
(half year 2009: £14m; full year 2009: £1,245m) 12 32.2p 0.6p 49.8p
Dividends per share (in pence)
2010 2009
Half year Half year Full year
Dividends relating to reporting period:
Interim dividend (2010 and 2009) 6.61p 6.29p 6.29p
Second interim dividend (2009) - - 13.56p
Total 6.61p 6.29p 19.85p
Dividends declared and paid in reporting period:
Current year interim dividend - - 6.29p
Second interim/final dividend for prior year 13.56p 12.91p 12.91p
Total 13.56p 12.91p 19.20p
47
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results continued
Movement in shareholders' equity (excluding non-controlling interests)
2010 £m 2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full year
Profit for the period attributable to equity shareholders 812 14 1,245
Items taken directly to equity:
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges:
Exchange movements arising during the period 806 (1,098) (761)
Related tax (8) (6) 11
Dividends (344) (322) (481)
New share capital subscribed 39 96 141
Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments 15 18 29
Treasury shares:
Movement in own shares held in respect of share-based payment plans 8 7 3
Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by unit trusts consolidated
under IFRS 4 (8) (3)
Mark to market value movements on Jackson assets backing
surplus and required capital (gross movement) 103 97 205
Related tax (36) (34) (72)
Net increase (decrease) in shareholders' equity 10 1,399 (1,236) 317
Shareholders' equity at beginning of period (excluding non-controlling 7,10 15,273 14,956 14,956
interests)
Shareholders' equity at end of period (excluding non-controlling interests) 7,10 16,672 13,720 15,273
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Long- Asset Long- Asset Long- Asset
term manage- term manage- term manage-
business ment business ment business ment
opera- and other opera- and other opera- and other
Comprising: Note tions operations Total tions operations Total tions operations Total
Asian operations:
Net assets of operation 6,736 180 6,916 5,164 144 5,308 5,781 161 5,942
Acquired goodwill 235 61 296 80 61 141 80 61 141
6,971 241 7,212 5,244 205 5,449 5,861 222 6,083
US operations:
Net assets of operation 4,984 111 5,095 3,852 85 3,937 4,122 95 4,217
Acquired goodwill - 16 16 - 16 16 - 16 16
4,984 127 5,111 3,852 101 3,953 4,122 111 4,233
UK insurance operations:
Net assets of operation 5,442 17 5,459 4,658 19 4,677 5,439 37 5,476
M&G
Net assets of operation - 190 190 - 178 178 - 173 173
Acquired goodwill - 1,153 1,153 - 1,153 1,153 - 1,153 1,153
- 1,343 1,343 - 1,331 1,331 - 1,326 1,326
5,442 1,360 6,802 4,658 1,350 6,008 5,439 1,363 6,802
Other operations:
Holding company net
borrowings at market value 9 - (2,343) (2,343) - (861) (861) - (1,780) (1,780)
Other net liabilities - (110) (110) - (829) (829) - (65) (65)
- (2,453) (2,453) - (1,690) (1,690) - (1,845) (1,845)
Shareholders' equity at end of period
(excluding non-controlling
interests) 17,397 (725) 16,672 13,754 (34) 13,720 15,422 (149) 15,273
Representing:
Net assets 17,162 (1,955) 15,207 13,674 (1,264) 12,410 15,342 (1,379) 13,963
Acquired goodwill 235 1,230 1,465 80 1,230 1,310 80 1,230 1,310
17,397 (725) 16,672 13,754 (34) 13,720 15,422 (149) 15,273
48 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
30 Jun 2010 30 Jun 2009 31 Dec 2009
Net asset value per share (in pence)
Based on EEV basis shareholders' equity of £16,672m
(half year 2009: £13,720m; full year 2009: £15,273m) 657p 544p 603p
Number of issued shares at period end (millions) 2,539 2,524 2,532
Annualised return on embedded value* 16% 12% 15%
*Annualised return on embedded value is based on EEV operating profit after tax
and non-controlling interests as a percentage of opening EEV basis shareholders'
equity. Half year profits are annualised by multiplying by two.
Summary statement of financial position
2010 £m 2009 £m
Note 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Total assets less liabilities, before deduction for insurance funds 214,771 175,714 201,501
Less insurance funds:*
Policyholder liabilities (net of reinsurers' share) and unallocated surplus
of with-profits funds (207,610) (170,994) (195,230)
Less shareholders' accrued interest in the long-term business 9,511 9,000 9,002
(198,099) (161,994) (186,228)
Total net assets 7,10 16,672 13,720 15,273
Share capital 127 126 127
Share premium 1,856 1,840 1,843
IFRS basis shareholders' reserves 5,178 2,754 4,301
Total IFRS basis shareholders' equity 7 7,161 4,720 6,271
Additional EEV basis retained profit 7 9,511 9,000 9,002
Shareholders' equity (excluding non-controlling interests) 7,10 16,672 13,720 15,273
*Including liabilities in respect of insurance products classified as investment
contracts under IFRS 4.
49
Notes on the EEV basis results
1 Basis of preparation, methodology and accounting presentation
The EEV basis results have been prepared in accordance with the EEV Principles issued by the CFO Forum of European Insurance Companies in May 2004. Where appropriate, the EEV basis
results include the effects of adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The directors are responsible for the preparation of the supplementary information in accordance with the EEV Principles.
The EEV basis results for 2010 and 2009 half years are unaudited. The 2009 full year results have been derived from the EEV basis results supplement to the Companys statutory
accounts for 2009. The supplement included an unqualified audit report from the auditors.
a Covered business
The EEV results for the Group are prepared for covered business, as defined by the EEV Principles. Covered business represents the Groups long-term insurance business for which the
value of new and in-force contracts is attributable to shareholders. The EEV basis results for the Groups covered business are then combined with the IFRS basis results of the
Groups other operations.
The definition of long-term business operations is consistent with previous practice and comprises those contracts falling under the definition of long-term insurance business
for regulatory purposes together with, for US operations, contracts that are in substance the same as guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) but do not fall within the technical
definition. Under the EEV Principles, the results for covered business incorporate the projected margins of attaching internal asset management.
With two principal exceptions, covered business comprises the Groups long-term business operations. The principal exceptions are for the closed Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund
(SAIF) and for the presentational treatment of the financial position of the Groups principal defined benefit pension scheme, the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). A small
amount of UK group pensions business is also not modelled for EEV reporting purposes.
SAIF is a ring-fenced sub-fund of the Prudential Assurance Company (PAC) long-term fund, established by a Court approved Scheme of Arrangement in October 1997. SAIF is closed to
new business and the assets and liabilities of the fund are wholly attributable to the policyholders of the fund.
As regards PSPS, the deficit funding liability attaching to the shareholder-backed business is included in the total for Other operations, reflecting the fact that the deficit
funding is being paid for by the parent company, Prudential plc.
b Methodology i Embedded value
Overview
The embedded value is the present value of the shareholders interest in the earnings distributable from assets allocated to covered business after sufficient allowance has been made
for the aggregate risks in that business. The shareholders interest in the Groups long-term business comprises:
present value of future shareholder cash flows from in-force
covered business (value of in-force business), less a deduction for the cost of locked-in required capital; locked-in required capital; and shareholders net worth in excess of
required capital (free surplus).
The value of future new business is excluded from the embedded value.
Notwithstanding the basis of presentation of results (as explained in note 1c(iv)) no smoothing of market or account balance values, unrealised gains or investment return is
applied in determining the embedded value or profit before tax. Separately, the analysis of profit is delineated between operating profit based on longer-term investment returns and
other constituent items, as explained in note 1c(i).
Valuation of new business
The contribution from new business represents profits determined by applying operating assumptions as at the end of the period.
In determining the new business contribution for UK immediate annuity and lifetime mortgage business, which is interest rate sensitive, it is appropriate to use assumptions
reflecting point-of-sale market conditions, consistent with how the business is priced. For other business within the Group, end of period economic assumptions are used.
Valuation movements on investments
With the exception of debt securities held by Jackson, investment gains and losses during the period (to the extent that changes in capital values do not directly match changes in
liabilities) are included directly in the profit for the period and shareholders equity as they arise.
The results for any covered business conceptually reflects the aggregate of the IFRS results and the movements on the additional shareholders interest recognised on the EEV
basis. Thus the start point for the calculation of the EEV results for Jackson, as for other businesses, reflects the market value movements recognised on the IFRS basis.
However, in determining the movements on the additional shareholders interest, the basis for calculating the Jackson EEV result acknowledges that for debt securities backing
liabilities the aggregate EEV results reflect the fact that the value of in-force business instead incorporates the discounted value of future spread earnings. This value is not
affected generally by short-term market movements on securities that are broadly speaking held for the longer-term.
Fixed income securities backing the free surplus and required capital for Jackson are accounted for at fair value. However, consistent with the treatment applied under IFRS for
Jackson securities classified as available-for-sale, movements in unrealised appreciation on these securities are accounted for in equity rather than in the income statement, as shown
in the movement in shareholders equity.
50 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Value of in-force business
The embedded value results are prepared incorporating best estimate assumptions about all relevant factors including levels of future investment returns, expenses, persistency and
mortality. These assumptions are used to project future cash flows. The present value of the future cash flows is then calculated using a discount rate which reflects both the time
value of money and the non-diversifiable risks associated with the cash flows that are not otherwise allowed for.
The total profit that emerges over the lifetime of an individual contract as calculated using the embedded value basis is the same as that calculated under the IFRS basis. Since
the embedded value basis reflects discounted future cash flows, under this methodology the profit emergence is advanced thus more closely aligning the timing of the recognition of
profits with the efforts and risks of current management actions, particularly with regard to business sold during the period.
Cost of capital
A charge is deducted from the embedded value for the cost of capital supporting the Groups long-term business. This capital is referred to as required capital. The cost is the
difference between the nominal value of the capital and the discounted value of the projected releases of this capital allowing for investment earnings (net of tax) on the capital.
The annual result is affected by the movement in this cost from year to year which comprises a charge against new business profit and generally a release in respect of the
reduction in capital requirements for business in force as this runs off.
Where required capital is held within a with-profits long-term fund, the value placed on surplus assets in the fund is already discounted to reflect its release over time and no
further adjustment is necessary in respect of required capital.
Financial options and guarantees
Nature of options and guarantees in Prudentials long-term business
Asian operations
Subject to local market circumstances and regulatory requirements, the guarantee features described below in respect of UK business broadly apply to similar types of participating
contracts principally written in the PAC Hong Kong branch, Singapore and Malaysia. Participating products have both guaranteed and non-guaranteed elements.
Non-participating long-term products are the only ones where the insurer is contractually obliged to provide guarantees on all benefits. Whole of life contracts with floor levels
of policyholder benefits that accrue at rates set at inception and do not vary subsequent with market conditions are written in the Korean life operations and also are a feature of
the UOB in-force book acquired in 2010. The amounts in these operations are to a much lesser extent than the policies written by the Taiwan Life business which was sold in the first
half of 2009, as detailed in note 17.
US operations (Jackson)
The principal options and guarantees in Jackson are associated with the fixed annuity and Variable Annuity (VA) lines of business.
Fixed annuities provide that, at Jacksons discretion, it may reset the interest rate credited to policyholders accounts, subject to a guaranteed minimum. The guaranteed minimum
return varies from 1.5 per cent to 5.5 per cent (for all periods for which results are prepared in this report), depending on the particular product, jurisdiction where issued, and
date of issue. At half year 2010, 83 per cent (half year 2009: 84 per cent; full year 2009: 82 per cent) of the account values on fixed annuities relates to policies with guarantees
of 3.0 per cent or less. The average guarantee rate for half year 2010 is 2.9 per cent (half year 2009: 3.0 per cent; full year 2009: 3.0 per cent).
Fixed annuities also present a risk that policyholders will exercise their option to surrender their contracts in periods of rapidly rising interest rates, possibly requiring
Jackson to liquidate assets at an inopportune time.
Jackson issues VA contracts where it contractually guarantees to the contract holder either: a) return of no less than total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any
partial withdrawals, b) total deposits made to the contract adjusted for any partial withdrawals plus a minimum return, or c) the highest contract value on a specified anniversary
date adjusted for any withdrawals following the specified contract anniversary. These guarantees include benefits that are payable at specified dates during the accumulation period
(Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB)) and minimum accumulation, death and income benefits. Jackson hedges these risks using equity options and futures contracts.
These guarantees generally protect the policyholders value in the event of poor equity market performance.
Jackson also issues fixed index annuities that enable policyholders to obtain a portion of an equity-linked return while providing a guaranteed minimum return. The guaranteed
minimum returns would be of a similar nature to those described above for fixed annuities.
UK insurance operations
The only significant financial options and guarantees in the UK insurance operations arise in the with-profits fund and SAIF.
With-profits products provide returns to policyholders through bonuses that are smoothed. There are two types of bonuses: annual and final. Annual bonuses are declared once a
year and, once credited, are guaranteed in accordance with the terms of the particular product. Unlike annual bonuses, final bonuses are guaranteed only until the next bonus
declaration. The with-profits fund held a provision on the Pillar I Peak 2 basis of £31 million at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £37 million; 31 December 2009: £31 million) to honour
guarantees on a small amount of guaranteed annuity option products.
Beyond the generic features and the provisions held in respect of guaranteed annuities described above, there are very few explicit options or guarantees of the with-profits fund
such as minimum investment returns, surrender values, or annuity values at retirement and any granted have generally been at very low levels.
The Groups main exposure to guaranteed annuity options in the UK is through SAIF and a provision on the Pillar I Peak 2 basis of £321 million (30 June 2009: £344 million; 31
December 2009: £284 million) was held in SAIF at 30 June 2010 to honour the guarantees.
51
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
1 Basis of preparation, methodology and accounting presentation continued
Time value
The value of financial options and guarantees comprises two parts. One is given by a deterministic valuation on best estimate assumptions (the intrinsic value). The other part arises
from the variability of economic outcomes in the future (the time value).
Where appropriate, a full stochastic valuation has been undertaken to determine the value of the in-force business including the cost of capital. A deterministic valuation of the
in-force business is also derived using consistent assumptions and the time value of the financial options and guarantees is derived as the difference between the two.
The economic assumptions used for the stochastic calculations are consistent with those used for the deterministic calculations. Assumptions specific to the stochastic
calculations reflect local market conditions and are based on a combination of actual market data, historic market data and an assessment of long-term economic conditions. Common
principles have been adopted across the Group for the stochastic asset models, for example, separate modelling of individual asset classes but with an allowance for correlation
between the various asset classes. Details of the key characteristics of each model are given in note 16.
ii Level of required capital
In adopting the EEV Principles, Prudential has based required capital on its internal targets for economic capital subject to it being at least the local statutory minimum
requirements. Economic capital is assessed using internal models but, when applying the EEV Principles, Prudential does not take credit for the significant diversification benefits
that exist within the Group. For with-profits business written in a segregated life fund, as is the case in Asia and the UK, the capital available in the fund is sufficient to meet
the required capital requirements. For shareholder-backed business the following capital requirements apply:
Asian operations: the level of required capital has been set at the higher of local statutory requirements and the economic capital requirement;
US operations: the level of required capital has been set to an amount at least equal to 235 per cent of the risk-based capital required by the National Association of Insurance
Commissioners (NAIC) at the Company Action Level (CAL); and
UK insurance operations: the capital requirements are set at the higher of Pillar I and Pillar II requirements for shareholder-backed business of UK insurance operations as a
whole, which for half year 2010 and 2009 was Pillar I.
iii Allowance for risk and risk discount rates
Overview
Under the EEV Principles, discount rates used to determine the present value of future cash flows are set equal to risk-free rates plus a risk margin. The risk margin should reflect
any non-diversifiable risk associated with the emergence of distributable earnings that is not allowed for elsewhere in the valuation. Prudential has selected a granular approach to
better reflect differences in market risk inherent in each product group. The risk discount rate so derived does not reflect an overall Group market beta but instead reflects the
expected volatility associated with the cash flows for each product category in the embedded value model.
Since financial options and guarantees are explicitly valued under the EEV methodology, discount rates under EEV are set excluding the effect of these product features.
The risk margin represents the aggregate of the allowance for market risk, additional allowance for credit risk where appropriate, and allowance for non-diversifiable non-market
risk. No allowance is required for non-market risks where these are assumed to be fully diversifiable. The majority of non-market and non-credit risks are considered to be
diversifiable.
Market risk allowance
The allowance for market risk represents the multiple of beta x equity risk premium. Except for UK shareholder-backed annuity business (as explained below) such an approach has been
used for all of the Groups businesses.
The beta of a portfolio or product measures its relative market risk. The risk discount rates reflect the market risk inherent in each product group and hence the volatility of
product cash flows. These are determined by considering how the profits from each product are affected by changes in expected returns on various asset classes. By converting this into
a relative rate of return it is possible to derive a product specific beta.
Product level betas are calculated each year. They are combined with the most recent product mix to produce appropriate betas and risk discount rates for each major product
grouping.
Additional credit risk allowance
The Groups methodology is to allow appropriately for credit risk. The allowance for credit risk is to cover: expected long-term defaults; credit risk premium
(to reflect the volatility in default levels); and short-term downgrades and defaults.
These allowances are initially reflected in determining best-estimate returns and through the market risk allowance described above. However, for those businesses which are largely
backed by holdings of debt securities these allowances in the projected returns and market risk allowances may not be sufficient and an additional allowance may be appropriate.
The practical application of the allowance for credit risk varies depending upon the type of business as described below.
Asian operations
For Asian operations, the allowance for credit risk incorporated in the projected rates of return and the market risk allowance are sufficient. Accordingly no additional allowance for
credit risk is required.
52 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
US business
For Jackson business, the allowance for long-term defaults is reflected in the risk margin reserve charge which is deducted in determining the projected spread margin between the
earned rate on the investments and the policyholder crediting rate.
For half year 2010 and full year 2009 the risk discount rate incorporates an additional allowance for credit risk premium and short-term defaults for general account business of
150 basis points and for variable annuity business of 30 basis points to reflect the fact that a proportion of the variable annuity business is allocated to the general account.
The level of allowance differs from that for UK annuity business for investment portfolio differences and to take account of the management actions available in adverse economic
scenarios to reduce crediting rates to policyholders, subject to guarantee features of the products. For half year 2009 and previously, allowance for these elements of credit risk was
recognised only in the risk margin reserve charge and to the extent implicit within the market risk allowance.
UK business a Shareholder-backed annuity business
For Prudentials UK shareholder-backed annuity business, Prudential has used a market consistent embedded value (MCEV) approach to derive an implied risk discount rate which is then
applied to the projected best estimate cash flows.
In the annuity MCEV calculations, the future cash flows are discounted using the swap yield curve plus an allowance for liquidity premium based on Prudentials assessment of the
expected return on the assets backing the annuity liabilities after allowing for expected long-term defaults, credit risk premium and short-term downgrades and defaults. For the
purposes of presentation in the EEV results, the results on this basis are reconfigured. Under this approach the projected earned rate of return on the debt securities held is
determined after allowing for expected long-term defaults and, where necessary, an additional allowance for an element of short-term downgrades and defaults to bring the allowance in
the earned rate up to best estimate levels. The allowances for credit risk premium and additional short-term default allowance are incorporated into the risk margin included in the
discount rate.
b With-profit fund PAL annuity business
For UK annuity business written by PAL the basis for determining the appropriate aggregate allowance for credit risk has been aligned with that of UK shareholder-backed annuity
business with effect from full year 2009, so as also to include provision for short-term defaults and credit risk premium. The allowance for credit risk in PAL is taken into account
in determining the projected cash flows to the with-profits fund, which are in turn discounted at the risk discount rate applicable to all of the projected cash flows of the fund. For
half year 2009 the allowance for credit risk was for best estimate defaults.
c With-profit fund holdings of debt securities
The UK with-profits fund holds debt securities as part of its investment portfolio backing policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus. For the half year 2010 and full year 2009
results the assumed earned rate for with-profit holdings of corporate bonds is defined as the risk-free rate plus an assessment of the long-term spread over gilts, net of expected
long-term defaults. This approach is similar to that applied for equities and properties for which the projected earned rate is defined as the risk-free rate plus a long-term risk
premium.
For the half year 2009 results the Companys projected rate of return on debt securities of the with-profits fund was determined assuming levels of credit spreads, longer-term
default allowance and discount rate methodology that were unchanged relative to those used at 31 December 2007.
Allowance for non-diversifiable non-market risks
Finance theory cannot be used to determine the appropriate component of beta for non-diversifiable non-market risks since there is no observable risk premium associated with it that
is akin to the equity risk premium. Recognising this, a pragmatic approach has been applied.
For UK shareholder-backed annuity business, a margin of 100 basis points is used to cover the non-diversifiable non-market risks associated with the business. For the Groups
other business a margin of 50 basis points is generally applied with, where necessary, an additional allowance for emerging market risk. The additional 50 basis points for UK
annuities business reflects the longevity risk which is of particular relevance.
iv Management actions
In deriving the time value of financial options and guarantees, management actions in response to emerging investment and fund solvency conditions have been modelled. Management
actions encompass, but are not confined to investment allocation decisions, levels of reversionary and terminal bonuses and credited rates. Bonus rates are projected from current
levels and varied in accordance with assumed management actions applying in the emerging investment and fund solvency conditions.
In all instances, the modelled actions are in accordance with approved local practice and therefore reflect the options actually available to management. For the PAC with-profits
fund, the actions assumed are consistent with those set out in the Principles and Practices of Financial Management.
v With-profits business and the treatment of the estate
The proportion of surplus allocated to shareholders from the PAC with-profits fund has been based on the present level of 10 per cent. The value attributed to the shareholders
interest in the estate is derived by increasing final bonus rates (and related shareholder transfers) so as to exhaust the estate over the lifetime of the in-force with-profits
business. In those few extreme scenarios where the total assets of the life fund are insufficient to meet policyholder claims in full, the excess cost is fully attributed to
shareholders. Similar principles apply, where appropriate, for other with-profit funds of the Groups Asian operations.
53
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
1 Basis of preparation, methodology and accounting presentation continued
vi Pension costs
The Group operates three defined benefit schemes in the UK. The principal scheme is the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). The other two, much smaller, schemes are the Scottish
Amicable and M&G schemes. There is also a small scheme in Taiwan, but as part of the sale of the Taiwan agency business completed in June 2009, the Group settled the majority of the
obligations under the scheme as a significant number of employees were transferred out.
Under IFRS the surpluses or deficits attaching to these schemes are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of IAS 19 that apply the principles of IFRIC 14, providing
guidance on assessing the limit in IAS 19 on the amount of surplus in a defined benefit pension scheme that can be recognised as an asset.
Under the EEV basis the IAS 19 basis surpluses (to the extent not restricted under IFRIC 14) or deficits are initially allocated in the same manner. The shareholders 10 per cent
interest in the PAC with-profits fund estate is determined after inclusion of the portion of the IAS 19 basis surpluses or deficits attributable to the fund. Adjustments under EEV in
respect of accounting for surpluses or deficits on the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme are reflected as part of UK operations and for other defined benefit schemes the adjustments
are reflected as part of Other operations, as shown in note 7.
Separately, the projected cash flows of in-force covered business include the cost of contributions to the defined benefit schemes for future service based on the contribution
basis applying to the schemes at the time of the preparation of the results.
vii Debt capital
Core structural debt liabilities are carried at market value. As the liabilities are generally held to maturity or for the long-term, no deferred tax asset or liability has been
established on the difference, compared to the IFRS carrying value. Accordingly, no deferred tax credit or charge is recorded in the results for the reporting period in respect of the
mark to market value adjustment.
viii Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency profits and losses have been translated at average exchange rates for the period. Foreign currency assets and liabilities have been translated at period-end rates of
exchange. The purpose of translating the profits and losses at average exchange rates, notwithstanding the fact that EEV profit represents the incremental value added on a discounted
cash flow basis, is to maintain consistency with the methodology applied for IFRS basis reporting.
c Accounting presentation i Analysis of profit before tax
To the extent applicable, presentation of the EEV profit for the period is consistent with the basis that the Group applies for analysis of IFRS basis profits before shareholder taxes
between operating and non-operating results. Operating results reflect the underlying results including longer-term investment returns and, except as explained in note (iv) below, the
unwind of discount on the value of in-force business. Operating results include the impact of routine changes of estimates and non-economic assumptions. Non-operating results comprise
short-term fluctuations in investment returns, the shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes, the mark to market value movements
on core borrowings and the effect of changes in economic assumptions and changes in the time value of cost of options and guarantees arising from changes in economic factors. In half
year 2010 the company incurred costs in relation to the termination of the agreement for the combination of Prudential with AIA Group Limited which have been shown separately from
operating profit based on longer-term investment returns. In 2009, during the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter, coupled with historically high equity
volatility, the Group incurred non-recurrent costs from an exceptional short-dated hedge to protect against potential tail events on the Group IGD capital position in addition to
regular operational hedging programmes. These costs have been shown separately within short-term fluctuations in investment returns for half year and full year 2009. Also, in June
2009, the Group completed the disposal of the Taiwan agency business. The effect of this disposal and the results of the Taiwan agency business have been presented separately outside
of the operating result.
ii Operating profit
For the investment element of the assets covering the net worth of long-term insurance business, investment returns are recognised in operating results at the expected long-term rate
of return. These expected returns are calculated by reference to the asset mix of the portfolio. For the purpose of calculating the longer-term investment return to be included in the
operating result of the PAC with-profits fund of UK operations, where assets backing the liabilities and unallocated surplus are subject to market volatility, values of assets at the
beginning of the reporting period are adjusted to remove the effects of short-term market movements.
For the purpose of determining the long-term returns for debt securities of US operations for fixed annuity and other general account business, a risk margin charge is included
which reflects the expected long-term rate of default based on the credit quality of the portfolio. For Jackson, interest-related realised gains and losses are amortised to the
operating results over the maturity period of the sold bonds and for equity-related investments, a long-term rate of return is assumed, which reflects the aggregation of year-end
risk-free rates and equity risk premium. For US variable annuity separate account business, operating profit includes the unwind of discount on the opening value of in force adjusted
to reflect period-end projected rates of return with the excess or deficit of the actual return recognised within non-operating profit, together with the related hedging activity.
For UK annuity business, rebalancing of the asset portfolio backing the liabilities to policyholders may from time to time take place to align it more closely with the internal
benchmark of credit quality that management applies. Such rebalancing will result in a change in the projected yield on the asset portfolio and the allowance for default risk. The net
effect of these changes is reflected in the result for the year. In general, the effect is booked in operating results.
iii Effect of changes in operating assumptions
Operating profits include the effect of changes to operating assumptions on the value of in-force at the end of the period. For presentational purposes, the effect of change is
delineated to show the effect on the opening value of in-force with the experience variance being determined by reference to the end of period assumptions.
54 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
iv Unwind of discount and other expected returns
The unwind of discount and other expected returns is determined by reference to the value of in-force business, required capital and surplus assets at the start of the period as
adjusted for the effect of changes in economic and operating assumptions reflected in the current period.
For UK insurance operations the amount included within operating results based on longer-term returns represents the unwind of discount on the value of in-force business at the
beginning of the period (adjusted for the effect of current period assumption changes), the unwind of discount on additional value representing the shareholders share of smoothed
surplus assets retained within the PAC with-profits fund (as explained in note 1b(v) above), and the expected return on shareholders assets held in other UK long-term business
operations. Surplus assets retained within the PAC with-profits fund are smoothed for this purpose to remove the effects of short-term investment volatility from operating results. In
the summary statement of financial position and for total profit reporting, asset values and investment returns are not smoothed.
v Pension costs
Profit before tax
Movements on the shareholders share of surpluses (to the extent not restricted by IFRIC 14) and deficits of the Groups defined benefit pension schemes adjusted for contributions
paid in the year are recorded within the income statement. Consistent with the basis of distribution of bonuses and the treatment of the estate described in note 1b(iv) and (v), the
shareholders share incorporates 10 per cent of the proportion of the financial position attributable to the PAC with-profits fund. The financial position is determined by applying
the requirements of IAS 19.
Actuarial and other gains and losses
For pension schemes in which the IAS 19 position reflects the
difference between the assets and liabilities of the scheme,
actuarial and other gains and losses comprise:
the
difference between actual and expected return on the scheme assets;
experience gains and losses on scheme liabilities; the impact of altered economic and other assumptions on the
discounted value of scheme liabilities; and for pension schemes where the IAS 19 position reflects a deficit funding obligation, actuarial and other gains and losses reflect the
movement in estimates of deficit funding requirements.
These items are recorded in the income statement but, consistent with the IFRS basis of presentation, are excluded from operating results.
vi Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and guarantees
Movements in the value of in-force business at the beginning of the period caused by changes in economic assumptions and the time value of cost of options and guarantees resulting
from changes in economic factors are recorded in non-operating results.
vii Taxation
The profit for the period for covered business is in most cases calculated initially at the post-tax level. The post-tax profit for covered business is then grossed up for
presentation purposes at the effective rates of tax applicable to the countries and periods concerned. In the UK, the effective rate is the currently enacted UK corporation tax rate
of 28 per cent. For Jackson, the US federal tax rate of 35 per cent is applied to gross up movements on the value of in-force business. Effects on statutory tax for the period affect
the overall tax rate. For Asia, similar principles apply subject to the availability of taxable profits.
viii Inter-company arrangements
The EEV results for covered business incorporate the effect of the reinsurance arrangement of non-profit immediate pension annuity liabilities of SAIF (which is not covered business)
to PRIL. In addition, the analysis of free surplus and value of in-force business takes account of the impact of contingent loan arrangements between Group companies.
ix Foreign exchange rates
Foreign currency results have been translated as discussed in note 1b(viii), for which the principal exchange rates are as follows:
Average for the Average for the
Closing rate at 6 months to Closing rate at 6 months to Closing rate at Average for
Local currency: £ 30 Jun 2010 30 Jun 2010 30 Jun 2009 30 Jun 2009 31 Dec 2009 2009
Hong Kong 11.65 11.85 12.76 11.57 12.52 12.14
Indonesia 13,562.15 14,007.05 16,810.22 16,449.33 15,171.52 16,173.28
Japan 132.39 139.43 158.90 142.71 150.33 146.46
Malaysia 4.84 5.04 5.79 5.35 5.53 5.51
Singapore 2.09 2.13 2.38 2.23 2.27 2.27
Taiwan 48.07 48.61 54.03 50.01 51.65 51.65
US 1.50 1.53 1.65 1.49 1.61 1.57
x Discontinued operations
The charge of £(14) million in full year 2009, which is net of nil tax, reflects completion adjustments for a previously disposed business.
55
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
2 Analysis of new business contributionv
Period ended 30 Jun 2010
Annual Present value
premium and of new
contribution business Pre-tax new New business margin
equivalents premiums business
New business premiums note i
(APE) (PVNBP) contribution
Single Regular note i note i notes ii, iii (APE) (PVNBP)
£m £m £m £m £m % %
Asian operationsnote vi 430 670 713 3,316 396 56 11.9
US operationsnote iv 5,493 11 560 5,569 361 64 6.5
UK insurance operations 2,438 138 382 3,081 135 35 4.4
Total 8,361 819 1,655 11,966 892 54 7.5
Period ended 30 Jun 2009
Annual Present value
premium and of new
contribution business Pre-tax new New business margin
equivalents premiums business
New business premiums note i
(APE) (PVNBP) contribution
Single Regular note i note i notes ii, iii (APE) (PVNBP)
£m £m £m £m £m % %
Asian operationsnote vi 327 492 524 2,551 286 55 11.2
US operationsnote iv 3,798 12 392 3,889 292 74 7.5
UK insurance operations 2,451 131 376 3,062 122 32 4.0
Total 6,576 635 1,292 9,502 700 54 7.4
Year ended 31 Dec 2009
Annual Present value
premium and of new
contribution business Pre-tax new New business margin
equivalents premiums business
New business premiums note i
(APE) (PVNBP) contribution
Single Regular note i note i notes ii, iii (APE) (PVNBP)
£m £m £m £m £m % %
Asian operationsnote vi 785 1,131 1,209 5,982 725 60 12.1
US operationsnote iv 8,885 24 912 9,048 664 73 7.3
UK insurance operations 4,768 246 723 5,902 230 32 3.9
Total 14,438 1,401 2,844 20,932 1,619 57 7.7
New business margin (APE) %
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
Asian operations:note vi
China 44 45 50
Hong Kong 72 76 70
India 20 19 19
Indonesia 71 61 73
Korea 45 36 44
Taiwan 19 15 18
Other 74 84 87
Weighted average for all Asian operations 56 55 60
Notes
i New business margins are shown on two bases, namely the margins by reference to Annual Premium Equivalents (APE) and the Present Value of New Business Premiums (PVNBP) and are
calculated as the ratio of the value of new business profit to APE and PVNBP. APEs are calculated as the aggregate of regular new business amounts and one-tenth of single new business
amounts. PVNBPs are calculated as equalling single premiums plus the present value of expected premiums of new regular premium business, allowing for lapses and other assumptions made
in determining the EEV new business contribution.
ii In determining the EEV basis value of new business written in the period the policies incept, premiums are included in projected
cash flows on the same basis of distinguishing annual and single premium business as set out for statutory basis reporting.
iii New business contributions represent profits determined
by applying operating assumptions as at the end of the period. In general, the use of point-of-sale or end of period economic assumptions is not significant in determining the new
business contribution for different types of business and across financial reporting periods. However, to obtain proper measurement of the new business contribution for business which
is interest rate sensitive, it is appropriate to use assumptions reflecting point-of-sale market conditions, consistent with how the business was priced. In practice, the only area
within the Group where this has a material effect is for UK shareholder-backed annuity and lifetime mortgage business. For other business within the Group end of period economic
assumptions are used.
iv The decrease in new business margin for US operations from half year and full year 2009 to half year 2010 primarily reflects the changes to the assumed new
business spread margins for Fixed Annuity and Fixed Index Annuity business as described in note 16b.
v The half year and full year 2009 comparatives shown in the table are translated
at average exchange rates for the period.
vi The tables above include new business for the Taiwan bank distribution operation. New business excludes the Taiwan Agency business, which
was sold in June 2009 (as explained in note 17) and the Japanese insurance operations, in which the Company ceased selling new business from 15 February 2010.
56 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
3 Operating profit from business in force Group summary
Period ended 30 June 2010 £m
Asian US UK
operations operations operations
note i note ii note iii Total
Unwind of discount and other expected returns 300 181 292 773
Effect of changes in operating assumptions (14) 3 (11)
Experience variances and other items (45) 122 22 99
Total 241 306 314 861
Period ended 30 Jun 2009 £m
Asian US UK
operations operations operations
note i note ii note iii Total
Unwind of discount and other expected returns 248 142 291 681
Effect of changes in operating assumptions (64) (13) (77)
Experience variances and other items (60) 80 (7) 13
Total 124 209 284 617
Year ended 31 Dec 2009 £m
Asian US UK
operations operations operations
note i note ii note iii Total
Unwind of discount and other expected returns 489 344 588 1,421
Effect of changes in operating assumptions (12) 101 89
Experience variances and other items (85) 124 52 91
Total 392 569 640 1,601
Notes
Analysis by business unit i Asian operations
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Unwind of discount and other expected returnsa 300 248 489
Effect of changes in operating assumptions:
Mortality and morbidityb (2) 26
Expensec 10 (9) (32)
Persistencyd (8) (60) (78)
Othere (14) 5 72
(14) (64) (12)
Experience variances and other items:
Mortality and morbidityf 28 21 52
Expenseg (31) (31) (43)
Persistencyh (41) (47) (76)
Other (1) (3) (18)
(45) (60) (85)
241 124 392
Notes
a The increase in unwind of discount and other expected returns from £248 million for half year 2009 to £300 million for half year 2010 mainly arises from the growth in the
in-force book.
b The favourable effect of £26 million in full year 2009 for mortality and morbidity assumption changes primarily arises in Indonesia of £24 million reflecting recent
experience.
c The credit of £10 million in half year 2010 for expense assumption changes primarily arises in Vietnam of £9 million. The charge of £(32) million in full year 2009 for
strengthened expense assumptions arises principally in Hong Kong of £(23) million with the balance across the regions.
d The charge of £(8) million in half year 2010 for the effect of
changes in persistency assumptions arises in India for changes in the paid-up assumption on linked business. The negative
effects of the change in persistency assumptions of £(60)
million in half year 2009 and £(78) million in full year 2009 are mainly a direct consequence of the impact on policyholders savings behaviour from adverse economic and market
conditions, arising mostly with investment related products, principally in Korea (half year 2009: £(23) million; full year 2009: £(25) million), and Hong Kong (half year 2009: £(14)
million; full year 2009: £(12) million) and also in Indonesia in full year 2009 of £(24) million.
e The effect of other assumption changes for full year 2009 of £72 million comprises
the one-off positive impact of £69 million for altered projected net of tax cash flows arising from a regulatory reclassification of health and protection products in Hong Kong, a
credit of £13 million for the effect of altered application of the Groups EEV methodology and a net charge of £(10) million for other items. The £13 million effect comprises
adjustments for asset management margins in Indonesia and Korea of £37 million and a charge of £(24) million to better align the assumed capital requirement with internal management
and pricing bases, primarily in China, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam, and other minor adjustments with a neutral net effect.
57
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
3 Operating profit from business in force continued
f The favourable effects of £28 million for half year 2010 (half year 2009: £21 million; full year 2009: £52 million) relating to mortality and morbidity experience variances
reflect better than expected experience across the territories.
g The negative expense experience variance of £(31) million for half year 2010 and £(43) million in full year 2009
arises across the territories, including Korea of £(9) million for half year 2010 and £(10) million for full year 2009, which reflect the lower level of sales in both periods and
in Taiwan following the sale of the Agency business, for which the negative variances are £(5) million and £(8) million respectively. The charge for half year 2009 of £(31)
million primarily arises from small negative expense variances across most territories reflecting the lower level of sales in the period. Also included for all periods are
expense overruns for operations which are at a relatively early stage of development, for which actual expenses are in excess of those factored into the product pricing. This
represents a charge of £(12) million for half year 2010 and £(16) million for full year 2009.
h The negative persistency experience variance of £(41) million in half year 2010
principally arises in India of £(12) million, primarily relating to higher paid-ups and surrenders on unit-linked business and in Indonesia with an impact of £(11) million, which
in part reflects adverse first year lapse experience. Also included is a charge of £(8) million in Malaysia, reflecting higher partial withdrawal for unit-linked business as a
result of the significant rise in the local equity market and a charge of £(6) million in Korea, for which the improvement from 2009 levels reflects the implementation of
persistency improvement programmes in 2010. The charge of £(47) million in half year 2009 relating to negative persistency experience mainly arises as customers have withdrawn
from investment-related products (for which assumptions have been strengthened as explained above), including a charge in Korea of £(18) million. The charge of £(76) million in
full year 2009 relating to negative persistency experience arises across the region with the largest impacts in Korea (£(29) million), India (£(11) million) and Japan (£(9)
million).
ii US operations
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Unwind of discount and other expected returnsa 181 142 344
Effect of changes in operating assumptions:
Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) policyholder behaviourb 156
Mortalityc 10 35 33
Variable Annuity (VA) feesd 27 (14) (13)
Othere (34) (34) (75)
3 (13) 101
Experience variances and other items:
Spread experience variancef 61 4 (3)
Amortisation of interest-related realised gains and lossesf 47 34 59
Otherg 14 42 68
122 80 124
306 209 569
Notes
a The increase in unwind of discount and other expected returns from £142 million for half year 2009 to £181 million for half year 2010 mainly arises from the growth in the
in-force book and increase in the weighted risk discount rate.
b The positive impact of the change in GMWB policyholder behaviour assumptions of £156 million for full year 2009
reflects the altered assumptions relating to the utilisation of withdrawal features available to policyholders on VA contracts which have been modified to take account of the more
recent experience of policyholder behaviour when benefits are in the money. Previously, policyholder behaviour for the utilisation of GMWB was assumed to be largely driven by the
extent to which benefits were in the money. For full year 2009, the assumption has been altered to take account of recent experience which shows that the attained age of the
policyholder is the key factor in determining utilisation levels.
c The credit of £10 million for updates to mortality assumptions in half year 2010 represents a credit of £29 million
for business other than variable annuity reflecting recent experience, partially offset by a negative effect on variable annuity business of £(19) million for a change in the
modelling of mortality rates. The £35 million credit for mortality in half year 2009 and the £33 million credit for mortality in full year 2009 primarily reflects lower mortality
rates for the Life of Georgia business, based upon actual experience since the acquisition of the business in 2005.
d The effect of the change of assumption for VA fees represents the
capitalised value of the change in the projected level of policyholder advisory fees, which vary according to the size and mix of VA funds. The credit of £27 million for half year
2010 reflects an increase in the projected level of fees paid by policyholders, according to the current fund mix. The negative effect of the change in half year and full year 2009 of
£(14) million and £(13) million respectively represents a reduction in the level of fees.
e The charge of £(34) million for other operating assumption changes in half year 2010
includes a credit of £4 million for the overall effect of changes to persistency assumptions and the net effect of a number of items including a charge of £(19) million for the
altered projection of life reserves runoff. The charge of £(34) million for other operating assumption changes for half year 2009 includes a charge for the effect of changes in
persistency assumptions of £(56) million reflecting £(30) million for an increase in the assumed utilisation of the partial withdrawal option on Variable and Fixed Annuity business,
and £(26) million for the effect of other altered lapse rates, in line with experience. The effect of other changes in assumptions in full year 2009 of £(75) million primarily
represents the negative impact of changes in persistency assumptions of £(53) million, reflecting an increase in the assumed utilisation of the partial withdrawal option on Variable
and Fixed Annuity business of £(29) million and £(24) million for the effect of other altered lapse rates, in line with experience.
f The spread assumption for Jackson is determined
on a longer-term basis, net of provision for defaults. Spread experience variance is better assessed in the context of both spread and amortisation of interest-related realised gains
and losses. Amortisation of interest-related gains and losses reflects the same treatment applied to the supplementary analysis of IFRS profit. When bonds that are neither impaired
nor deteriorating are sold and reinvested there will be a consequent change in the investment yield. The realised gain or loss is amortised into the result over the period when the
bonds would have otherwise matured to better reflect the long-term returns included in operating profits. The net effect on the EEV results of these two items for half year 2010 is a
credit of £108 million (half year 2009: £38 million; full year 2009: £56 million) with half year 2010 primarily reflecting income from portfolio duration management in the period of
£48 million. The increase in amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses from half year 2009 of £34 million to £47 million in half year 2010 reflects the increased
level of realised gains in the second half of 2009.
g The credit of £14 million for other experience variances for half year 2010 and credit of £42 million for half year 2009
primarily relate to favourable expense, mortality and persistency experience variances. The credit of £68 million for other items for full year 2009 primarily represents favourable
expense experience variance of £40 million relating to marketing expenses and positive mortality experience of £32 million primarily relating to life products.
58 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
iii UK insurance operations
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Unwind of discount and other expected returns 292 291 588
Other itemsnote 22 (7) 52
314 284 640
Note
Other items for half year 2010 of a credit of £22 million mainly relates to changes in the proportion married assumption used within the valuation of immediate annuity business.
For full year 2009, other items of a credit of £52 million includes a positive £22 million for the effects of rebalancing the UK annuity business asset portfolio backing the
liabilities to policyholders arising from the altered value arising from the revised projected yield and allowances for default risk.
4 Costs of terminated AIA transaction
The following costs were incurred in relation to the proposed, and now terminated, transaction to purchase AIA Group Limited and related rights issue.
2010 £m
Half year
Termination break fee 153
Underwriting fees 58
Costs associated with foreign exchange hedging 100
Adviser fees and other 66
Total costs before tax 377
Associated tax relief (93)
Total costs after tax 284
5 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Insurance operations:
Asianote i (21) 101 437
USnote ii (140) (304) (401)
UKnote iii (78) (363) 445
Other operations:
IGD hedge costsnote iv (216) (235)
Othernote v 12 75 105
Total (227) (707) 351
Notes i Asian operations
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Singapore (42) 72 159
Hong Kong (31) (15) 113
Vietnam 14 (14) (47)
Other operations 38 58 212
(21) 101 437
For half year 2010 short-term fluctuations for Asian operations of £(21) million primarily reflect the deterioration in equity markets, particularly in Hong Kong and Singapore,
partly offset by the impact of positive bond returns, mainly arising in Vietnam. For half year 2009 short-term fluctuations for Asian operations of £101 million reflect the effect of
strong equity market performance across the region offset by the impact of negative bond returns, particularly in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. In addition, in Vietnam there was
a switch in the portfolio from equities to other assets in early 2009. The short-term fluctuations in investment returns in Asia for full year 2009 of £437 million reflect the effect
of strong equity market performance in particular for participating business and unit-linked business where the in-force value benefits from increases in shareholder transfers and
from the capitalisation of increased projected fees due to the higher asset base at the end of the year.
59
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
5 Short-term fluctuations in investment returns continued
ii US operations
The fluctuations for US operations comprise the following items:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Actual realised losses less default assumption and amortisation of interest-related gains and losses
for fixed income securities and related swap transactionsa (175) (287) (367)
Actual less long-term return on equity based investments and other itemsb 5 (75) (144)
Investment return related gain due primarily to changed expectation of profits on
in-force variable annuity business in future periods based on current period equity returns,
net of related hedging activity for equity related productsc 30 58 110
Total Jackson (140) (304) (401)
Notes a The charges relating to fixed income securities for all periods shown above primarily represents the excess of the credit-related losses in the year on the US statutory
basis over the amortisation of interest-related gains and longer-term default assumption included within operating profit. b The charge in full year 2009 of £(144) million for
actual less long-term return on equity based investments and other items primarily relates to the shortfall of actual return against the expected return on investments in limited
partnerships. c This item arises due to the market returns, net of related hedging activity, being higher or lower than the assumed longer-term rate of return. This gives rise to
higher or lower than expected period end values of variable annuity assets under management with a resulting effect on the projected value of future account values and hence
future profitability from altered fees. For half year 2010 the US equity market returns were approximately negative 3.3 per cent compared to the assumed longer-term rate of 3.25
per cent for the period which was more than offset by the impact of hedging activity. For half year and full year 2009, the US equity market returns were approximately positive
5.3 per cent (full year 2009: 24 per cent) compared to the assumed longer-term rate of 3.55 per cent (full year 2009: 7.4 per cent).
iii UK insurance operations
The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for UK insurance operations represents:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
With-profitsa (76) (270) 430
Shareholder-backed annuityb 17 (60) (40)
Unit-linked and otherc (19) (33) 55
(78) (363) 445
Notes a For with-profits business the charge for half year 2010 of £(76) million (half year 2009: £(270) million) reflects the positive 2.6 per cent (half year 2009: negative one
per cent) actual investment return on the PAC with-profits fund against an assumed rate of 3.3 per cent for both periods. The credit for full year 2009 of £430 million reflects
the positive variance of 8.6 per cent against the assumed long-term return for the investments covering policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus. b Short-term
fluctuations in investment returns for shareholder-backed annuity business include gains (losses) on surplus assets relative to the expected return due to a fall (rise) in yields
and mismatching profits and losses arising from the impacts of changes in yields on assets and liabilities of differing durations. The short-term fluctuations in investment
returns for half year 2010 of a credit of £17 million primarily represent gains arising on surplus assets of £47 million, partially offset by mismatching losses of £(28) million.
The charge of £(60) million for half year 2009 primarily relates to losses on surplus assets. For full year 2009, the charge of £(40) million represents mismatching losses of
£(105) million, partially offset by better than expected default experience of £22 million with the remaining balance of £43 million consisting of positive movements in other
asset values partially offset by losses on surplus assets. c The charge of £(19) million for half year 2010, £(33) million for half year 2009 and the credit of £55 million in
full year 2009 relate primarily to unit-linked business representing the (decrease) increase in capitalised value of future fees arising from the (negative) positive movements in
market values experienced during the relevant reporting periods.
iv IGD hedge costs
During the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2009, coupled with historically high equity volatility, the Group entered into exceptional short-dated
hedging contracts to protect against potential tail-events on the IGD capital position, in addition to the regular operational hedging programmes. The hedge contracts expired in 2009
and have not been renewed. v Other operations Short-term fluctuations in investment returns of Other operations, in addition to the previously discussed IGD hedge costs, arise from:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Unrealised value movements on swaps held centrally to manage Group assets and liabilities 69 28
Unrealised value movements on Prudential Capital bond portfolio 12 2 66
Unrealised value movements on investments held by Other operations 4 11
12 75 105
60 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
6 Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and guarantees
The effects of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and guarantees resulting from changes in economic factors for in-force business included within the
profit from continuing operations before tax (including actual investment returns) arise as follows:
Half year 2010 £m Half year 2009 £m Full year 2009 £m
Change in Change in Change in
time value time value time value
of cost of of cost of of cost of
Change in options Change in options Change in options
economic and economic and economic and
assump- guaran- assump- guaran- assump- guaran-
tions tees Total tions tees Total tions tees Total
Asian operations note i (61) 5 (56) (86) (3) (89) (165) (9) (174)
US operations note ii (20) 6 (14) (60) 24 (36) (528) 10 (518)
UK insurance operations notes iii,iv 25 (7) 18 (264) 5 (259) (270) 52 (218)
Total (56) 4 (52) (410) 26 (384) (963) 53 (910)
Notes i The charge of £(61) million for the effect of changes in economic assumptions in half year 2010 primarily reflects the effects of derisking certain asset portfolios in Hong
Kong and Singapore with a total impact of a charge of £(96) million partially offset by the effects of routine adjustments for changes in economic factors. The charge for half year
2009 of £(86) million and full year 2009 of £(165) million primarily reflects increases in risk discount rates and fund earned rates (as shown in note 16b), with the largest impact
arising for Hong Kong US dollar denominated business arising from the increase in US dollar government bond yields. For full year 2009 the £(165) million charge is net of a credit of
£96 million for the effect of altered economic assumptions for Indonesia and Korea arising from a change in the application of the Groups methodology for these operations (as
discussed in note 16b). ii The charge of £(20) million for the effect of changes in economic assumptions for US operations for half year 2010 reflects the following:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Effect of changes in 10-year treasury rates, beta and equity risk premium:a
Fixed annuity and other general account business 125 (253) (410)
Variable Annuity (VA) business (145) 193 183
Increase in risk margin allowance for credit riskb (301)
(20) (60) (528)
Notes a For Jackson, the charge for the effect of changes in economic assumptions represents the aggregate of the effects of changes to projected returns and the risk discount rate.
The risk discount rate, as discussed in note 1b(iii), represents the aggregate of the risk-free rate and margin for market risk, credit risk and non-diversifiable non-market risk.
For fixed annuity and other general account business the effect of changes to the risk-free rate, which is defined as the 10-year treasury rate, is reflected in the risk
discount rate. This discount rate is in turn applied to projected cash flows which principally reflect projected spread, which is largely insensitive to changes in the risk-free
rate. For VA business, changes to the risk-free rate are also reflected in determining the risk discount rate. However, the projected cash flows are also reassessed for altered
investment returns on the underlying separate account assets from which fees are charged. For half year 2010, the effect of these changes resulted in an overall credit for fixed
annuity and other general account business of £125 million and a charge of £(145) million for VA business reflecting the reduction of 0.9 per cent in the risk-free rate (as shown
in note 16b).
For half year and full year 2009, the effect of these changes resulted in an overall charge on fixed annuity and other general account business of £(253) million and £(410)
million respectively and an overall credit on VA business of £193 million and £183 million, reflecting the increase in the risk-free rate of 1.3 per cent and 1.6 per cent for these
periods. b From full year 2009, the Group has included an additional allowance for credit risk. In determining this allowance a number of factors were considered. These factors, in
particular, include: i How much of the credit spread on debt securities represents an increased credit risk not reflected in the Risk Margin Reserve (RMR) long-term default
assumptions, and how much is liquidity premium. In assessing this effect consideration has been given to a number of approaches to estimating the liquidity premium by considering
statistical data over the four years from 2006 to 2009, and ii Policyholder benefits for Jackson fixed annuity business are not fixed. It is possible in adverse economic scenarios to
pass on a component of credit loss to policyholders (subject to guarantee features) through lower crediting rates. Consequently, it is only necessary to allow for the balance of the
credit risk in the risk discount rate.
After taking these and other more detailed factors into account and, based on market conditions in late 2009, the risk discount rate for general account business was increased by
150 basis points as an additional allowance for credit risk. For VA business, the additional allowance increase was set at 20 per cent of the non-VA business increase to reflect
the fact that a proportion of the VA business is allocated to general account holdings of debt securities. For half year 2010 these additional allowances have been maintained at
2009 levels, reflecting June 2010 market conditions.
The additional allowance to be applied in future reporting periods will be altered, as necessary, for future credit conditions and as the business in force alters over time.
61
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
6 Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value of cost of options and guarantees continued iii The effect of changes in economic assumptions of a credit of £25 million
for UK insurance operations for half year 2010 comprises the effect of:
Half year 2010 £m Half year 2009 £m Full year 2009 £m
Shareholder- With- Shareholder- With- Shareholder- With-
backed profits backed profits backed profits
annuity and other annuity and other annuity and other
business business business business business business
note a note b Total note a note b Total note a note b Total
(Decrease) increase in expected
long-term rates of return (72) (269) (341) (264) 78 (186) (284) 191 (93)
Decrease (increase) in risk
discount rates 100 241 341 105 (113) (8) 240 (311) (71)
Other changes 25 25 (70) (70) 25 (131) (106)
28 (3) 25 (159) (105) (264) (19) (251) (270)
Notes
a For half year 2010, the effects of decreases in expected long-term rates of return and risk discount rates for shareholder-backed annuity business primarily reflect the
reductions in gilt rates of 0.4 per cent, as shown in note 16b. For half year 2009, the charge of £(264) million for shareholder-backed annuity business arising as a result of a
decrease in expected long-term rates of return, reflects primarily an increase in the allowance for best estimate expected defaults. This is partially offset by a credit of £105
million reflecting a decrease in risk discount rates. In full year 2009, the overall charge of £(19) million reflects the effects of regular economic assumption changes. However,
the amounts for the component line items shown above reflect a change in the composition of the default allowance between best estimate levels (which are reflected in the
long-term rates of return) and allowance for credit risk premium and additional short-term defaults reflected in the risk discount rate. b For half year 2010, the charge of £(3)
million for with-profits and other business reflects a decrease in fund earned rates and risk discount rates driven by the decrease in gilt rates of 0.4 per cent in the period.
For half year 2009, the charge of £(105) million for with-profits and other business reflects an increase in risk discount rates, with a smaller impact from the increase in fund
earned rates, primarily driven by the increase in gilt rates of 0.4 per cent in the period. In full year 2009, the charge of £(251) million for with-profits and other business
reflects the fact that the risk discount rate has increased significantly more than the earned rate as a result of the revised correlation assumptions, lower equity backing ratio
and very low cash return.
iv The effect of changes in time value of cost of options and guarantees of a credit of £52 million in full year 2009 for UK insurance operations primarily relates to with-profits
business reflecting the effect of the improved investment return achieved in 2009, combined with an overall beneficial impact arising from changes in economic assumptions.
62 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
7 Shareholders funds segmental analysis
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Asian operations
Long-term business:
Net assets of operations EEV basis shareholders funds 6,736 5,164 5,781
Acquired goodwill note iii 235 80 80
6,971 5,244 5,861
Asset management:note i
Net assets of operations 180 144 161
Acquired goodwill 61 61 61
241 205 222
7,212 5,449 6,083
US operations
Jackson EEV basis shareholders funds (net of surplus note borrowings of £182m
(half year 2009: £140m; full year 2009: £158m)9) 4,984 3,852 4,122
Broker-dealer and asset management operations:note i
Net assets of operations 111 85 95
Acquired goodwill 16 16 16
127 101 111
5,111 3,953 4,233
UK operations
Insurance operations:
Long-term business operations:
Smoothed shareholders funds 5,549 5,022 5,547
Actual shareholders funds less smoothed shareholders funds (107) (364) (108)
EEV basis shareholders funds 5,442 4,658 5,439
Other note i 17 19 37
5,459 4,677 5,476
M&G:note i
Net assets of operations 190 178 173
Acquired goodwill 1,153 1,153 1,153
1,343 1,331 1,326
6,802 6,008 6,802
Other operations
Holding company net borrowings at market value9 (2,343) (861) (1,780)
Other net liabilities note i (110) (829) (65)
(2,453) (1,690) (1,845)
Total 16,672 13,720 15,273
Representing:
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Statutory Additional Statutory Additional Statutory Additional
IFRS basis retained EEV basis IFRS basis retained EEV basis IFRS basis retained EEV basis
share- profit on share- share- profit on share- share- profit on share-
holders an EEV holders holders an EEV holders holders an EEV holders
equity basis equity equity basis equity equity basis equity
Asian operations 1,992 4,979 6,971 1,576 3,668 5,244 1,462 4,399 5,861
US operations 3,905 1,079 4,984 2,046 1,806 3,852 3,011 1,111 4,122
UK insurance operations 1,920 3,522 5,442 1,730 2,928 4,658 1,902 3,537 5,439
Total long-term business operations 7,817 9,580 17,397 5,352 8,402 13,754 6,375 9,047 15,422
Other operationsnote ii (656) (69) (725) (632) 598 (34) (104) (45) (149)
Group total 7,161 9,511 16,672 4,720 9,000 13,720 6,271 9,002 15,273
Notes i With the exception of the share of the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS) deficit attributable to the PAC with-profits fund, which is included in Other operations net
liabilities, these amounts have been determined on the statutory IFRS basis. The overall pension scheme deficit, net of tax, attributable to shareholders relating to PSPS is
determined as shown below:
63
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
7 Shareholders funds segmental analysis continued
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
IFRS basis deficit (relating to shareholder-backed operations) (13) (69) (16)
Additional EEV deficit (relating to shareholders 10 per cent share of the IFRS basis deficit
attributable to the PAC with-profits fund) (4) (11) (5)
EEV basis* (17) (80) (21)
*For half year 2009, the EEV basis deficit of £(80) million for other operations includes the shareholders share of the deficit on the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme, which
from full year 2009 onwards is included within the shareholders funds of UK long-term business operations.
ii The additional retained profit on an EEV basis for Other operations represents the mark to market value difference on holding company net borrowings of a charge of £(50) million
(half year 2009: credit of £634 million; full year 2009: charge of £(26) million) and the effect of accounting for pension costs for the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme. iii The
increase in acquired goodwill for Asian long-term business operations from £80 million for full year 2009 to £235 million for half year 2010 represents £145 million arising from the
acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life Assurance Limited (as shown in note 14) and £10 million for exchange rate movements.
8 Analysis of movement in free surplus
Free surplus is the market value of the net worth in excess of the capital required to support the covered business. Where appropriate, adjustments are made to the regulatory basis
net worth from the local regulatory basis so as to include backing assets movements at fair value rather than cost so as to comply with the EEV principles. Prudential has based
required capital on its internal targets for economic capital subject to it being at least the local statutory minimum requirements, as described in note 1b(ii).
Half year 2010 £m
Asset Free surplus of
management long-term
and UK business, asset
general management
Long-term insurance and UK general
business commission insurance
Long-term business and asset management operationsnote i note 13 note ii commission
Underlying movement:
New business:
Excluding Japan (337) (337)
Japan (2) (2)
Total (339) (339)
Business in force:
Expected in-force cash flows (including expected return on net assets) 961 154 1,115
Effects of changes in operating assumptions, operating experience
variances and other operating items 171 171
793 154 947
Changes in non-operating itemsnote iii 56 (4) 52
849 150 999
Net cash flows to parent companynote iv (344) (116) (460)
Exchange movements, timing differences and other itemsnote v 167 (2) 165
Net movement in free surplus 672 32 704
Balance at 1 January 2010 2,065 466 2,531
Balance at 30 June 2010 2,737 498 3,235
Representing:
Asian operationsnote 13 970 180 1,150
US operationsnote 13 1,209 111 1,320
UK insurance operationsnote 13 558 207 765
2,737 498 3,235
1 January 2010
Representing:
Asian operationsnote 13 801 161 962
US operationsnote 13 749 95 844
UK insurance operationsnote 13 515 210 725
2,065 466 2,531
64 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
8 Analysis of movement in free surplus continued
Notes i All figures are shown net of tax. ii For the purposes of this analysis, free surplus for asset management operations and the UK general insurance commission is taken to be
IFRS basis shareholders funds as shown in note 7. iii Changes in non-operating items This represents short-term fluctuations in investment returns, the shareholders share of
actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes and the effect of changes in economic assumptions for long-term business operations.
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns primarily reflect temporary market movements on the portfolio of investments held by the Groups shareholder-backed operations
together with the shareholders 10 per cent interest in the value movements on the assets in the with-profits funds. iv Net cash flows to parent company reflect the flows for
long-term business operations as included in the holding company cash flow at transaction rates. v Exchange movements, timing differences and other items represent:
Asset
management
and UK
general
Long-term insurance
business commission Total
£m £m £m
Exchange movements 136 21 157
Mark to market value movements on Jackson assets backing surplus and required capitalnote 13 67 67
Other (36) (23) (59)
167 (2) 165
9 Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
30 Jun £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
2010
Mark to Mark to Mark to
market market market
value EEV basis value EEV basis value EEV basis
IFRS adjust- at market IFRS adjust- at market IFRS adjust- at market
basis ment value basis ment value basis ment value
Holding company* cash and
short-term investments (1,023) (1,023) (1,252) (1,252) (1,486) (1,486)
Core structural borrowings
central fundsnote 3,316 50 3,366 2,747 (634) 2,113 3,240 26 3,266
Holding company net borrowings 2,293 50 2,343 1,495 (634) 861 1,754 26 1,780
Core structural borrowings Jackson 166 16 182 152 (12) 140 154 4 158
Net core structural borrowings of
shareholder-financed operations 2,459 66 2,525 1,647 (646) 1,001 1,908 30 1,938
*Including central finance subsidiaries.
Note
EEV basis holding company borrowings comprise:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
Perpetual subordinated capital securities (Innovative Tier 1) 1,470 612 1,351
Subordinated debt (Lower Tier 2) 1,323 1,056 1,372
Senior debt 573 445 543
3,366 2,113 3,266
In May 2009, the Company repaid maturing £249 million senior debt and in the same month the Company issued £400 million subordinated notes in part to replace the maturing debt.
In July 2009, the Company issued US$750 million perpetual subordinated capital securities.
In accordance with the EEV Principles, core borrowings are carried at market value. As the liabilities are generally held to maturity or for the long-term, no deferred tax asset
or liability has been established on the market value adjustment above.
The movement of £36 million in the mark to market value adjustment from £30 million in full year 2009 to £66 million in half year 2010 comprises a loss of £42 million included in
the consolidated income statement less a credit of £(6) million for foreign exchange effects.
65
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
10 Reconciliation of movement in shareholders funds
Half year 2010 £m
Long-term business operations
Total
UK long-term
Asian US insurance business Other Group
operations operations operations operations operations Total
Operating profit (based on longer-term investment returns)
Long-term business:
New business:
Excluding Japannote 2 396 361 135 892 892
Japan (1) (1) (1)
Total 395 361 135 891 891
Business in forcenote 3 241 306 314 861 861
636 667 449 1,752 1,752
Asia development expenses (3) (3) (3)
UK general insurance commission 23 23
M&G 143 143
Asian asset management operations 36 36
US broker-dealer and asset management 15 15
Other income and expenditure (262) (262)
Solvency II implementation costs (2) (2) (20) (22)
Restructuring costs (5) (5) (5)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 633 667 442 1,742 (65) 1,677
Short-term fluctuations in investment returnsnote 5 (21) (140) (78) (239) 12 (227)
Mark to market value movements on borrowingsnote 9 (12) (12) (30) (42)
Shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on
defined benefit pension schemes (9) (9) (16) (25)
Effect of changes in economic assumptions and time
value of cost of options and guaranteesnote 6 (56) (14) 18 (52) (52)
Costs of terminated AIA transactionnote 4 (377) (377)
Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax
(including actual investment returns) 556 501 373 1,430 (476) 954
Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders profit (loss):note 11
Tax on operating profit (133) (227) (123) (483) 18 (465)
Tax on short-term fluctuations in investment returns 9 195 22 226 (7) 219
Tax on shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes 2 2 4 6
Tax on effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value
of cost of options and guarantees 7 5 (5) 7 7
Tax on costs of terminated AIA transactionnote 4 93 93
Total tax (charge) credit (117) (27) (104) (248) 108 (140)
Non-controlling interests (2) (2)
Profit (loss) for the period 439 474 269 1,182 (370) 812
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedgesnote i 535 336 871 (65) 806
Related tax (8) (8)
Intra-group dividends (including statutory transfer)note iv (114) (261) (375) 375
External dividends (344) (344)
Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments 15 15
Acquisition of UOB Lifenotes iii and 14 75 75 (75)
Investment in operationsnote iv 21 4 25 (25)
Other transfersnote v (1) (15) (9) (25) 25
Movement in own shares held in respect of share-based payment plans 8 8
Movement in Prudential plc shares purchased by
unit trusts consolidated under IFRS 4 4
New share capital subscribed 39 39
Mark to market value movements on Jackson assets backing surplus
and required capital (net of related tax of £36m)note 13 67 67 67
Net increase (decrease) in shareholders equity 955 862 3 1,820 (421) 1,399
Shareholders equity at 1 January 2010notes ii and 7 5,781 4,122 5,439 15,342 (69) 15,273
Shareholders equity at 30 June 2010notes ii and 7 6,736 4,984 5,442 17,162 (490) 16,672
66 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes i Profits are translated at average exchange rates, consistent with the method applied for statutory IFRS basis results. The amounts recorded above for exchange rate movements
reflect the difference between 30 June 2010 and 31 December 2009 exchange rates as applied to shareholders funds at
1 January 2010 and the difference between 30 June 2010 exchange rates and average rates for the six months ended 30 June 2010. ii For the purposes of the table above, goodwill
related to Asia long-term operations (as shown in note 7) is included in Other operations. iii The charge of £(75) million for Other operations relating to the acquisition of UOB Life
represents cash consideration paid of £(220) million offset by goodwill arising on the acquisition of £145 million (as shown in note 14). iv Total intra-group dividends and investment
in operation represent:
Total
UK long-term
Asian US insurance business Other
operations operations operations operations operations Total
£m £m £m £m £m £m
Intra-group dividends (including statutory transfer) (114) (261) (375) 375
Investment in operationsa 21 4 25 (25)
Totalb (93) (257) (350) 350
a Investment in operations reflects increases in share capital. b The difference between the total above of £(350) million for intra-group dividends (including statutory
transfer) and investment in operations, of the long-term business operations and the net cash flows to parent company of £(344) million (as shown in note 8) primarily relates to
timing differences, intra-group loans and other non-cash items.
v Other transfers (from) to long-term business operations to Other operations in half year 2010 represent:
Total
UK long-term
Asian US insurance business
operations operations operations operations
£m £m £m £m
Adjustment for net of tax asset management projected profits of covered business (6) (2) (9) (17)
Other adjustments 5 (13) (8)
(1) (15) (9) (25)
11 Tax attributable to shareholders profit
The tax charge comprises:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Tax charge on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns:
Long-term business:
Asian operationsnote i 133 83 239
US operations 227 175 416
UK insurance operationsnote i 123 113 245
483 371 900
Other operations (18) (7) (34)
Total tax charge on operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 465 364 866
Tax credit on items not included in operating profit:
Tax credit on short-term fluctuations in investment returnsnote ii (219) (155) (26)
Tax credit on shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes (6) (20) (23)
Tax credit on effect of changes in economic assumptions and time value
of cost of options and guarantees (7) (137) (336)
Tax credit on costs of terminated AIA transaction (93)
Total tax credit on items not included in operating profit (325) (312) (385)
Tax charge on profit on ordinary activities from continuing operations
(including tax on actual investment returns) 140 52 481
Notes i Including tax relief on Asia development expenses and restructuring costs borne by UK insurance operations. ii The tax credit on short-term fluctuations in investment returns
for half year 2010 of £219 million includes a credit of £62 million for a net present value reduction in US deferred tax liabilities following changes to variable annuity reserving in
accordance with revised statutory guidance.
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
12 Earnings per share (EPS)
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Operating EPS:
Operating profit before tax 1,677 1,246 3,090
Tax (465) (364) (866)
Non-controlling interests (2) (1) (3)
Operating profit after tax and non-controlling interests 1,210 881 2,221
Operating EPS (pence) 48.0p 35.4p 88.8p
Total EPS:
Profit from continuing operations before tax 954 67 1,743
Tax (140) (52) (481)
Discontinued operations (net of tax) (14)
Non-controlling interests (2) (1) (3)
Total profit after tax and non-controlling interests 812 14 1,245
Total EPS (pence) 32.2p 0.6p 49.8p
Average number of shares (millions) 2,520 2,489 2,501
The average number of shares reflects the average number in issue adjusted for shares held by employee trusts and consolidated unit trusts and OEICs which are treated as cancelled.
13 Reconciliation of net worth and value of in-force businessnote i
Half year 2010 £m
Value of
Free in-force Total
surplus Required Total net business long-term
note 8 capital worth note iv business
Group
Shareholders equity at 1 January 2010 2,065 2,994 5,059 10,283 15,342
New business contribution:notes ii, iii
Excluding Japan (337) 223 (114) 744 630
Japan (2) (2) 1 (1)
Total (339) 223 (116) 745 629
Existing business transfer to net worth 882 (213) 669 (669)
Expected return on existing business 79 41 120 468 588
Changes in operating assumptions and experience variances 171 2 173 (131) 42
Changes in non-operating assumptions, experience variances
and non-controlling interests 56 (16) 40 (117) (77)
Profit after tax and non-controlling interests from
long-term business 849 37 886 296 1,182
Exchange movements on foreign operations and
net investment hedges 136 175 311 560 871
Acquisition of UOB Life 30 43 73 2 75
Intra-group dividends (including statutory transfer) and
investment in operationsnote v (385) (385) 35 (350)
Mark to market value movements on Jackson assets backing
surplus and required capital 67 67 67
Other transfers from net worth (25) (25) (25)
Shareholders equity at 30 June 2010 2,737 3,249 5,986 11,176 17,162
68 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Half year 2010 £m
--------------------------
--------------------------
Free Total Value of Total
surplus Required net in-force long-term
note 8 capital worth business business
note iv
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representing:
Asian operations
Shareholders equity at 1 January 2010 801 585 1,386 4,395 5,781
New business contribution:notes ii, iii
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Japan (123) 39 (84) 382 298
Japan (2) - (2) 1 (1)
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Total (125) 39 (86) 383 297
Existing business - transfer to net worth 255 (1) 254 (254) -
Expected return on existing business 58 (7) 51 207 258
Changes in operating assumptions and experience variances (35) (5) (40) (15) (55)
Changes in non-operating assumptions, experience variances
and non-controlling interests 45 (5) 40 (101) (61)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit after tax and non-controlling interests 198 21 219 220 439
from long-term business
Exchange movements on foreign operations 70 64 134 401 535
and net investment hedges
Acquisition of UOB Life 30 43 73 2 75
Intra-group dividends (including statutory (128) - (128) 35 (93)
transfer) and investment in operationsnote v
Other transfers from net worth (1) - (1) - (1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholders equity at 30 June 2010 970 713 1,683 5,053 6,736
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US operations
Shareholders equity at 1 January 2010 749 1,405 2,154 1,968 4,122
New business contributionnote ii (179) 146 (33) 268 235
Existing business - transfer to net worth 373 (177) 196 (196) -
Expected return on existing business 16 28 44 74 118
Changes in operating assumptions and experience variances 96 3 99 (12) 87
Changes in non-operating assumptions, experience 36 (39) (3) 37 34
variances and non-controlling interests
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit after tax and non-controlling interests 342 (39) 303 171 474
from long-term business
Exchange movements on foreign operations and
net investment hedges 66 111 177 159 336
Intra-group dividends (including statutory transfer) and
investment in operations - - - - -
Mark to market value movements on Jackson 67 - 67 - 67
assets backing surplus and required capital
Other transfers from net worth (15) - (15) - (15)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholders equity at 30 June 2010 1,209 1,477 2,686 2,298 4,984
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UK insurance operations
Shareholders equity at 1 January 2010 515 1,004 1,519 3,920 5,439
New business contributionnote ii (35) 38 3 94 97
Existing business - transfer to net worth 254 (35) 219 (219) -
Expected return on existing business 5 20 25 187 212
Changes in operating assumptions and experience variances 110 4 114 (104) 10
Changes in non-operating assumptions, experience (25) 28 3 (53) (50)
variances and non-controlling interests
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit after tax and non-controlling interests 309 55 364 (95) 269
from long-term business
Intra-group dividends (including statutory (257) - (257) - (257)
transfer) and investment in operations
Other transfers from net worth (9) - (9) - (9)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholders equity at 30 June 2010 558 1,059 1,617 3,825 5,442
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
69
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
13 Reconciliation of net worth and value of inforce business note1 continued
Notes
i All figures are shown net of tax.
ii The movements arising from new business contribution and new business capital usage are as follows:
Half year 2010 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian US UK Total Japan Total
operations operations insurance long-term note long-term
(excluding operations business iii business
Japan) operations operations
note iii note iii
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-tax new business contributionnote 2 396 361 135 892 (1) 891
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax (98) (126) (38) (262) - (262)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 298 235 97 630 (1) 629
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free surplus invested in new business (123) (179) (35) (337) (2) (339)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 2.4 1.3 2.8 1.9 (0.5) 1.9
per £1m free surplus invested
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Half year 2009 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian US UK Total Japan Total
operations operations insurance long-term note long-term
(excluding operations business iii business
Japan) operations operations
note iii note iii (as
previously
published)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-tax new business contributionnote 2 286 292 122 700 (9) 691
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax (74) (102) (36) (212) - (212)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 212 190 86 488 (9) 479
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free surplus invested in new business (106) (168) (45) (319) (12) (331)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 2.0 1.1 1.9 1.5 (0.8) 1.4
per £1m free surplus invested
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Full year 2009 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian US UK Total Japan Total
operations operations insurance long-term note long-term
(excluding operations business iii business
Japan) operations operations
note iii note iii (as
previously
published)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pre-tax new business contributionnote 2 725 664 230 1,619 (12) 1,607
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax (180) (232) (64) (476) - (476)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 545 432 166 1,143 (12) 1,131
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free surplus invested in new business (231) (326) (103) (660) (15) (675)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Post-tax new business contribution 2.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 (0.8) 1.7
per £1m free surplus invested
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010 2009 2009
Half Half Full
year year year
£m £m £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free surplus:
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
Excluding Japan (337) (319) (660)
Japan (2) (12) (15)
------------------------------------
------------------------------------
Total (339) (331) (675)
Required capital 223 220 451
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total net worth (116) (111) (224)
Value of in-force business 745 590 1,355
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total long-term business 629 479 1,131
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iii New business contribution and free surplus invested in new business for the Groups Japanese insurance
subsidiary, which ceased selling new business with effect from 15 February 2010, have been presented
separately from those of the remainder of the Group.
70 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
iv The value of in-force business includes the value of future margins from current in-force business less
the cost of holding required capital and represents:
Half year 2010 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US UK Group
Asian operations insurance
operations operations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value of in-force business before deduction of cost of capital 5,340 2,787 4,102 12,229
and of guarantees
Cost of capitala (273) (159) (229) (661)
Cost of time value of guaranteesb (14) (330) (48) (392)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net value of in-force business 5,053 2,298 3,825 11,176
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Half year 2009 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US UK Group
Asian operations insurance
operations operations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value of in-force business before deduction of cost of capital 4,028 2,516 3,776 10,320
and of guarantees
Cost of capital (157) (66) (209) (432)
Cost of time value of guarantees (6) (290) (82) (378)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net value of in-force business 3,865 2,160 3,485 9,510
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Full year 2009 £m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US UK Group
Asian operations insurance
operations operations
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Value of in-force business before deduction of cost of capital 4,605 2,351 4,181 11,137
and of guarantees
Cost of capital (198) (175) (221) (594)
Cost of time value of guarantees (12) (208) (40) (260)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net value of in-force business 4,395 1,968 3,920 10,283
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a The increase in cost of capital for Asian operations from full year 2009 of £(198) million to £(273) million
at half year 2010 mainly arises from the addition of new business and the impact of foreign exchange.
b The increase in the cost of time value of guarantees for US operations from full year 2009 of £(208)
million to half year 2010 of £(330) million primarily relates to Variable Annuity (VA) business, arising
from the lower economic projection and discounting assumptions, driven by the reduction in the US
Treasury bond yield and new business written in the period, reflecting the significant increase in VA
sales.
v The amounts shown in respect of free surplus and the value of in-force business for Asian operations for
intra-group dividends and investment in operations include the impact of contingent loan funding.
14 Acquisition of United Overseas Bank (UOB)Life Assurance Limited
On 1 February 2010, the Group acquired from United Overseas Bank (UOB) its 100 per cent interest in UOB Life
Assurance Limited in Singapore for total cash consideration, after post-completion adjustments currently estimated at
SGD67 million (£32 million), of SGD495 million (£220 million). The acquisition offers new profitable growth
opportunities in Asia. As part of the transaction the Group also entered into a long-term strategic partnership to
develop a major regional bancassurance business with UOB.
In addition to the amounts above the Group incurred £2 million of acquisition related costs (excluding
integration costs). These have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognised as an
expense in the period, in the consolidated income statement. This amount has been excluded from operating profit
based on longer-term investment returns.
Goodwill arising on acquisition £m
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash consideration 220
Less: fair value of identifiable net assets acquired (75)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill arising on acquisition 145
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill arose in the acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore because the acquisition included
revenue and cost synergies. These assets could not be separately recognised from goodwill because they are not
capable of being separated from the Group and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either
individually or together with any related contracts and did not arise from contractual or other legal rights.
None of the goodwill arising on this transaction is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
71
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
15 Sensitivity of results to alternative assumptions
a Sensitivity analysis - economic assumptions
The tables below show the sensitivity of the embedded value as at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009) and the new
business contribution after the effect of required capital for half year 2010 and full year 2009 to:
one per cent increase in the discount rates;
one per cent increase and decrease in interest rates, including all consequential changes (assumed investment
returns for all asset classes, market values of fixed interest assets, risk discount rates);
one per cent rise in equity and property yields;
10 per cent fall in market value of equity and property assets (not applicable for new business contribution);
holding company statutory minimum capital (by contrast to economic capital);
five basis point increase in long-term expected defaults; and
10 basis point increase in the liquidity premium for UK shareholder-backed annuities.
In each sensitivity calculation, all other assumptions remain unchanged except where they are directly affected by
the revised economic conditions.
Half year 2010 £m
-------------------------
-------------------------
Asian US UK Total
operations operations insurance long-term
(including operations business
Japan*) operations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New business profit for half year 2010
As reportednote 10 395 361 135 891
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discount rates - 1% increase (45) (19) (20) (84)
Interest rates - 1% increase (5) 29 - 24
Interest rates - 1% decrease 3 (30) - (27)
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 15 31 7 53
Long-term expected defaults - 5 bps increase - - (4) (4)
Liquidity premium - 10 bps increase - - 8 8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The impact of the sensitivities above for Japan for half year 2010 are negligible.
Full year 2009 £m
------------------
-------------------------
Asian US UK Total
operations operations insurance long-term
(including operations business
Japan) operations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New business profit for full year 2009
As reported 713 664 230 1,607
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discount rates - 1% increase (91) (48) (43) (182)
Interest rates - 1% increase (3) 8 (7) (2)
Interest rates - 1% decrease 3 (12) 8 (1)
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 31 39 11 81
Long-term expected defaults - 5 bps increase - - (9) (9)
Liquidity premium - 10 bps increase - - 18 18
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Half year 2010 £m
-------------------------
-------------------------
Asian US UK Total
operations operations insurance long-term
operations business
operations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Embedded value of long-term operations at 30 June 2010
As reportednote 10 6,736 4,984 5,442 17,162
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discount rates - 1% increase (572) (162) (399) (1,133)
Interest rates - 1% increase (248) (62) (229) (539)
Interest rates - 1% decrease 243 (16) 299 526
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 256 112 215 583
Equity/property market values - 10% fall (146) 127 (300) (319)
Statutory minimum capital 55 111 5 171
Long-term expected defaults - 5 bps increase - - (81) (81)
Liquidity premium - 10 bps increase - - 162 162
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Full year 2009 £m
-------------------------
-------------------------
Asian US UK Total
operations operations insurance long-term
operations business
operations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Embedded value of long-term operations at 31 December 2009
As reportednote 10 5,781 4,122 5,439 15,342
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discount rates - 1% increase (522) (146) (401) (1,069)
Interest rates - 1% increase (183) (137) (231) (551)
Interest rates - 1% decrease 231 55 298 584
Equity/property yields - 1% rise 255 82 213 550
Equity/property market values - 10% fall (147) (10) (298) (455)
Statutory minimum capital 28 123 6 157
Long-term expected defaults - 5 bps increase - - (76) (76)
Liquidity premium - 10 bps increase - - 152 152
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of proposed change in UK corporation tax rates
The half year 2010 results exclude the impact of any changes to the UK corporate tax which were announced in the
Budget on 22 June 2010 as the changes have not yet been enacted in the legislative process. At the half year 2010
stage, the effect of incorporating a one per cent reduction in the corporate tax rate from 28 per cent to 27 per cent
with effect from 1 April 2011 in projecting the tax cash flows attaching to in-force business, would be to increase
the net of tax value of the in-force business for UK insurance operations at 1 January 2010 by £31 million. The
impact of further reductions in the UK corporate tax rate to reduce the rate by one per cent per annum each year to
24 per cent in 2014 would increase the net of tax value of the in-force business of UK insurance operations at 1
January 2010 by £110 million.
16 Assumptions
a Best estimate assumptions
Best estimate assumptions are used for the cash flow projections, where best estimate is defined as the mean of the
distribution of future possible outcomes. The assumptions are reviewed actively and changes are made when evidence
exists that material changes in future experience are reasonably certain.
Assumptions required in the calculation of the value of options and guarantees, for example relating to
volatilities and correlations, or dynamic algorithms linking liabilities to assets, have been set equal to the best
estimates and, wherever material and practical, reflect any dynamic relationships between the assumptions and the
stochastic variables.
b Principal economic assumptions
Deterministic assumptions
In most countries, the long-term expected rates of return on investments and risk discount rates are set by reference
to period end rates of return on cash or fixed interest securities. For the Groups Asian operations, the active
basis is appropriate for business written in Japan, Korea and US dollar denominated business written in Hong Kong.
Except in respect of the projected returns of holdings of Asian debt and equity securities for those countries where
long-term fixed interest markets are less established, the active basis of assumption setting has been applied in
preparing the results of all the Groups US and UK long-term business operations.
For countries where long-term fixed interest markets are less established, investment return assumptions and risk
discount rates are based on an assessment of longer-term economic conditions. Except for the countries listed above,
this basis is appropriate for the Groups Asian operations. Similarly, the projected returns on holdings of Asian
securities in these territories by other Group businesses are set on the same basis.
Expected returns on equity and property asset classes in respect of each territory are derived by adding a risk
premium, based on the long-term view of Prudentials economists, to the risk-free rate. In Asia, equity risk premiums
range from 3.25 per cent to 8.6 per cent (half year 2009: 3.0 per cent to 7.0 per cent; full year 2009: 3.0 per cent
to 8.35 per cent). In the US and the UK, the equity risk premium is 4.0 per cent for all periods for which results
are prepared in this report.
Assumed investment returns reflect the expected future returns on the assets held and allocated to the
covered business at the valuation date.
The tables below summarise the principal financial assumptions:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30 Jun 2010 %
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian operations China Hong India Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia SingaporeTaiwan ThailandVietnam
Kong Philippines note iii
notes note iii
ii, iii
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Risk discount rate:
New business 10.5 4.6 12.5 13.7 - 7.8 15.75 6.3 7.7 13.75 15.75
8.8
In force 10.5 4.6 12.5 13.7 5.1 7.2 15.75 7.3 7.8 13.75 15.75
8.9
Expected long-term 3.5 2.25 4.0 5.0 0.0 3.0 5.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 5.0
rate of inflation 2.5
Government 7.0 3.0 7.5 9.0 1.7 5.0 5.75 9.0 4.75 5.5 7.0 9.0
bond yield
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
73
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
16 Assumptions continued
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
30 Jun 2009 %
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian operations China Hong India Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia SingaporeTaiwan ThailandVietnam
Kong Philippines note iii
notes note iii
ii, iii
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Risk discount rate:
New business 11.75 5.1 14.25 15.25 5.1 9.2 9.25 15.75 5.65 9.0 13.0 16.75
In force 11.75 5.3 14.25 15.25 5.1 9.2 9.2 15.75 6.8 8.9 13.0 16.75
Expected long-term 4.0 2.25 5.0 6.0 0.0 2.75 2.75 5.0 1.75 2.25 3.0 6.0
rate of inflation
Government 8.25 3.6 9.25 10.25 1.9 5.3 6.5 9.25 4.25 5.5 6.75 10.25
bond yield
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31 Dec 2009 %
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian operations China Hong India Indonesia Japan Korea Malaysia SingaporeTaiwan ThailandVietnam
Kong Philippines note iii
notes note iii
ii, iii
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Risk discount rate:
New business 11.75 5.5 14.25 13.8 5.1 8.2 9.4 15.75 5.7 7.5 13.0 16.75
In force 11.75 5.7 14.25 13.8 5.1 8.4 9.5 15.75 6.8 7.5 13.0 16.75
Expected long-term 4.0 2.25 5.0 6.0 0.0 2.75 2.75 5.0 1.75 2.25 3.0 6.0
rate of inflation
Government 8.25 3.9 9.25 10.25 1.9 5.5 6.5 9.25 4.25 5.5 6.75 10.25
bond yield
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asia total %
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31
Dec
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted risk discount rate:note i
New business (excluding Japan) 9.1 9.3 9.0
In force 8.6 8.5 8.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes
i The weighted risk discount rates for Asian operations shown above have been determined by weighting each
countrys risk discount rates by
reference to the EEV basis new business result and the closing value of in-force business. ii The
assumptions shown are for US dollar denominated business which comprises the largest proportion of the
in-force Hong Kong business. iii The mean equity return assumptions for the most significant equity
holdings in the Asian operations were:
2010 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 2009
% % 31
Dec
%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hong Kong 7.0 7.6 7.9
Malaysia 11.7 12.4 12.4
Singapore 10.7 10.2 10.2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To obtain the mean, an average over all simulations of the accumulated return at the end of the projection period
is calculated. The annual average return is then calculated by taking the root of the average accumulated return
minus 1.
iv At full year 2009, the Group reconsidered the application of
the Groups methodology for certain less
established operations, with a consequent change in the risk discount rates used for Indonesia and Korea and a
change in the assumed capital requirement to better align with internal management and pricing bases, primarily in
China, Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam.
74 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
------------------------------------
US operations (Jackson) 30 J un 30 J un 31 Dec
2010 % 2009 % 2009 %
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assumed new business spread margins:note iii
Fixed Annuity business (including the of variable annuity business
proportion in the general account):note i invested
First five years:
January to June issues 2.0 2.75 2.75
July to December issues n/a n/a 2.25
Long-term assumption 2.0 2.0 2.0
Fixed Index Annuity business:
January to June issues 2.5 3.5 3.5
July to December issues n/a n/a 2.5
Risk discount rate:
Variable annuity 7.5 7.6 8.2
Non-variable annuity 5.3 4.3 6.2
Weighted average total:note ii
New business 7.2 6.3 7.8
In force 6.4 5.7 7.2
US 10-year treasury bond rate at end of period 3.0 3.6 3.9
Pre-tax expected long-term nominal rate of return for US equities 7.0 7.6 7.9
Expected long-term rate of inflation 1.8 1.8 2.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes
i For new business issuances in half year 2010, the assumed spread margin for fixed annuities and for the
proportion of variable annuity business invested in the general account of 2.0 per cent applies from inception for
all durations and reflects the combined effects of net annualised yields on new assets of 5.3 per cent and
crediting rates. The assumptions for half year and full year 2009 reflected the exceptional combined benefit of
high investment yields which were 7.0 per cent for half year and 6.4 per cent for full year 2009, and lower
crediting rates. The assumptions for those periods included a provision that crediting rates and spreads would
normalise in the future. Therefore, the assumption for new business spreads shown above were set at the higher new
level for the first five years before reducing over the following 10 years with the valuation of new business
taking into account an assumed associated risk of increased lapse under certain interest rate scenarios.
ii The weighted average risk discount rates reflect the mix of business between variable annuity and non-variable
annuity business. The decrease in the weighted average risk discount rates from full year 2009 to half year 2010
primarily reflects the decrease in the US 10-year Treasury bond rate of 90 bps, partly offset by a change in the
product mix with the half year 2010 results seeing an increase in the proportion of new and in-force business
arising from Variable Annuity business.
iii Credit risk treatment
The projected cash flows incorporate the expected long-term spread between the earned rate and the rate credited
to policyholders. The projected earned rates reflect book value yields which are adjusted over time to reflect
projected reinvestment rates. Positive net cash flows are assumed to be reinvested in a mix of corporate bonds,
commercial mortgages and limited partnerships. The yield on those assets is assumed to grade from the current
level to a yield that allows for a long-term assumed credit spread on the reinvested assets of 1.25 per cent over
10 years. The expected new business spread margins are determined after allowing for a Risk Margin Reserve (RMR)
allowance for half year 2010 of 25 bps (half year 2009: 33 bps; full year 2009: 28 bps) for longer-term defaults
as described in note 1b(iii). The RMR of 25 bps represents the allowance, as at the valuation applied in the cash
flow projections of the value of the in-force business.
In the event that longer-term default levels are higher then, unlike for UK annuity business where
policyholder benefits are not changeable, Jackson has some discretion to adjust crediting rates, subject to
contract guarantee levels and general market competition considerations.
The results for Jackson reflect the application of the discount rates shown above, which for half year 2010
and full year 2009 reflect the inclusion of an additional allowance for a combination of credit risk premium and
short-term default allowance as described in note 1b(iii) and note 6.
In the event that US 10-year treasury rates increase, the altered embedded value results would reflect a lower
contribution from fixed annuity business and a partially offsetting increase for variable annuity business as the
projected earned rate, as well as the discount rate, would increase for this type of business.
75
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
16 Assumptions continued
------------------------------------
UK insurance operationsnote iv 30 J un 30 J un 31 Dec
2010 % 2009 % 2009 %
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholder-backed annuity business:
Risk discount rate:notes i, iv
New business 7.3 11.0 8.7
In force 9.6 11.0 10.2
Pre-tax expected long-term nominal rate of return for shareholder-backed
annuity business:note iii
Fixed annuities 5.1 6.7 5.6
Inflation-linked annuities 5.5 6.1 5.8
Other business:
Risk discount rate:notes ii, iv
New business 6.6 7.1 7.7
In force 6.8 7.0 7.4
Pre-tax expected long-term nominal rates of investment return:
UK equities 8.0 8.1 8.4
Overseas equities 7.0 to 10.1 7.6 to 10.3 7.9 to 10.3
Property 6.2 6.4 6.7
Gilts 4.0 4.1 4.4
Corporate bondsnote iv 5.6 5.6 6.1
Expected long-term rate of inflation 3.5 3.7 3.7
Post-tax expected long-term nominal rate of return for the PAC with-profits fund:
Pension business (where no tax applies) 6.5 6.75 6.9
Life business 5.7 6.1 6.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes
i The risk discount rate applied to shareholder-backed annuity business has been determined after allowing for
credit risk as detailed in note iv below. ii The risk discount rates for new business and business in force for
UK insurance operations other than shareholder-backed annuities reflect weighted
rates based on the type of business. iii The pre-tax rates of return for shareholder-backed annuity
business are based on the gross redemption yield on the backing assets net of a best
estimate allowance for future
defaults. iv Credit spread
treatment
For with-profits business, the embedded value reflects the discounted value of future shareholder transfers. These
transfers are directly affected by the level of projected rates of return on investments, including debt
securities. For the half year 2010 and full year 2009 results the assumed earned rate for with-profit holdings of
corporate bonds is defined as the risk-free rate plus an assessment of the long-term spread over gilts, net of
expected long-term defaults. This approach is similar to that applied for equities and properties for which the
projected earned rate is defined as the risk-free rate plus a long-term risk premium.
For the half year 2009 results the Companys projected rate of return on debt securities of the with-profits
fund was determined assuming levels of credit spreads, longer-term default allowance and discount rate methodology
that were unchanged relative to those used at 31 December 2007.
For UK shareholder-backed annuity business, different dynamics apply both in terms of the nature of the
business and the EEV methodology applied. For this type of business the assets are generally held to maturity to
match long duration liabilities. It is therefore appropriate under EEV methodology to include a liquidity premium
in the economic basis used. The appropriate EEV risk discount rate is set in order to equate the EEV with a market
consistent embedded value including liquidity premium. The liquidity premium in the market consistent embedded
value is derived from the yield on the assets held after deducting an appropriate allowance for credit risk. The
risk discount rate in EEV reflects the excess of the total allowance for credit risk over the best estimate
default assumptions. For Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL), which has approximately 90 per cent of UK
shareholder-backed annuity business, the allowance for credit risk at 30 June 2010 is made up of: a 17 bps for
fixed annuities and 15 bps for inflation-linked annuities in respect of long-term expected defaults. This is
derived by applying Moodys
data from 1970 to 2004 uplifted by between 100 per cent (B) and 200 per cent (AAA) according to credit rating,
to the asset portfolios. b 12 bps for fixed annuities and 10 bps for inflation-linked annuities in respect of
long-term credit risk premium for the potential volatility in default
levels. This is derived by applying the 95th worst percentile from Moodys data from 1970 to 2004, to the asset
portfolios. c 40 bps for fixed annuities and 36 bps for inflation-linked annuities in respect of additional
short-term credit risk, reflecting short-term credit rating downgrades and defaults in excess of the long-term
assumptions. This element of the overall credit assumption has not been derived by reference to credit spreads;
rather it has been reduced in order to offset the impact of actual downgrades during the period on the long-term
assumptions in (a) and (b) above and increased to eliminate the positive experience variance that would otherwise
have arisen from the small number of actual defaults that were experienced in the period. In addition, the
assumptions have been updated to reflect changes in the asset mix, arising particularly from the sale of
subordinated financial debt and the addition of higher credit quality new business assets (compared to the
in-force portfolio).
The credit assumptions used and the residual liquidity premium element of the bond spread over swap rates
is as follows:
2010 2009 2009
Half Half Full
year year year
bps bps bps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bond spread over swap rates 173 275 175
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Credit risk allowance
Long-term expected defaults 17 24 19
Long-term credit risk premium 11 15 13
Short-term allowance for credit risk 39 46 39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total credit risk allowance 67 85 71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liquidity premium 106 190 104
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
76 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For new business the weighted average of the point of sale liquidity premium was as follows:
2010 2009 2009
Half Half Full
year year year
bps bps bps
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bond spread over swap rates 110 249 198
Total credit risk allowancenote 37 80 54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liquidity premium 73 169 144
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
At half year 2009, the year end 2008 total allowance for credit risk of 80 basis points for the portfolio as a
whole was retained for new business pricing. At full year 2009, specific assets were allocated to the years new
business with the appropriate allowance for credit risk which was 54 basis points. This approach has been
continued in half year 2010 for which 37 basis points is the appropriate allowance. The reduced allowance reflects
the assets held and other factors that influence the necessary level of provision.
The overall allowance for credit risk is prudent by comparison with historic rates of default and would be
sufficient to withstand a wide range of extreme credit events over the expected lifetime of the annuity business.
Stochastic assumptions
The economic assumptions used for the stochastic calculations are consistent with those used for the deterministic
calculations described above. Assumptions specific to the stochastic calculations, such as the volatilities of asset
returns, reflect local market conditions and are based on a combination of actual market data, historic market data
and an assessment of longer-term economic conditions. Common principles have been adopted across the Group for the
stochastic asset models, for example, separate modelling of individual asset classes but with allowance for
correlation between the various asset classes.
Details are given below of the key characteristics and calibrations of each model.
Asian operations
The same asset return models as used in the UK, appropriately calibrated, have been used for the Asian
operations as described for UK insurance operations below. The principal asset classes are government and corporate
bonds. Equity holdings are much lower than in the UK whilst property holdings do not represent a significant
investment asset.
The stochastic cost of guarantees is primarily only of significance for the Hong Kong, Korea, Malaysia and
Singapore operations.
The mean stochastic returns are consistent with the mean deterministic returns for each country. The expected
volatility of equity returns for half year 2010 ranges from 18 per cent to 35 per cent (half year 2009: 18 per cent
to 30 per cent; full year 2009: 18 per cent to 35 per cent), and the volatility of government bond yields ranges
for all periods from 1.3 per cent to 2.4 per cent.
US operations (Jackson)
Interest rates are projected using a log-normal generator calibrated to the market yield curve at the
valuation date;
Corporate bond returns are based on Treasury securities plus a spread that has been calibrated to current
market conditions and varies by credit quality; and
Variable annuity equity returns and bond interest rates have been stochastically generated using a log-normal
model with parameters determined by reference to historical data. The volatility of equity fund returns for all
periods ranges from 18.6 per cent to 28.1 per cent, depending on the class of equities, and the standard deviation
of interest rates for all periods ranges from 1.4 per cent to 1.6 per cent.
UK insurance operations
Interest rates are projected using a two-factor model calibrated to the initial market yield curve;
The risk premium on equity assets is assumed to follow a log-normal distribution;
The corporate bond return is calculated as the return on a zero-coupon bond plus a spread. The spread process
is a mean reverting stochastic process; and
Property returns are modelled in a similar fashion to corporate bonds, namely as the return on a riskless
bond, plus a risk premium, plus a process representative of the change in residual values and the change in
value of the call option on rents.
Mean returns have been derived as the annualised arithmetic average return across all simulations and durations.
For each projection year, standard deviations have been calculated by taking the square root of the annualised
variance of the returns over all the simulations. These have been averaged over all durations in the projection. For
equity and property, the standard deviations relate to the total return on these assets. The standard deviations
applied are as follows:
------------------------------------
30 J un 30 J un 2009 % 31
2010 % Dec 2009 %
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equities:
UK 18.0 18.0 18.0
Overseas 18.0 16.0 18.0
Property 15.0 15.0 15.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c Demographic assumptions
Persistency, mortality and morbidity assumptions are based on an analysis of recent experience but also reflect
expected future experience. Where relevant, when calculating the time value of financial options and guarantees,
policyholder withdrawal rates vary in line with the emerging investment conditions according to managements
expectations.
77
Notes on the EEV basis results > continued
d Expense assumptions
Expense levels, including those of service companies that support the Groups long-term business operations, are
based on internal expense analysis investigations and are appropriately allocated to acquisition of new business
and renewal of in-force business. Exceptional expenses are identified and reported separately. It is Prudentials
policy not to take credit for future cost reduction programmes until the savings have been delivered.
For Asian life operations, the expenses comprise costs borne directly and recharged costs from the Asia Regional
Head Office, that are attributable to covered business. The assumed future expenses for these operations also include
projections of these future recharges.
Expenditure of the Regional Head Office that is not allocated to the covered business or asset management
operations is charged as incurred. These costs are primarily for corporate related activities. Development expenses
are also charged as incurred.
Corporate expenditure for Group Head Office, to the extent not allocated to the PAC with-profits fund, is
charged to EEV basis results as incurred.
e Taxation and other legislation
Current taxation and other legislation have been assumed to continue unaltered except where changes have been
announced and the relevant legislation passed.
17 Sale of the Taiwan agency business in 2009
2009 £m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 91
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In half year 2009, the Company sold the assets and liabilities of its agency distribution business and its agency
force in Taiwan to China
Life Insurance Company Ltd of Taiwan for the nominal sum of NT$1. The sale was completed on 19 June
2009.
The profit on sale and results for the period of ownership comprise:
£m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proceeds -
Net asset value attributable to equity holders of Company after the effect of completion and 135
other adjustments and provision for restructuring costs
Goodwill written off (44)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Representing:
Profit arising on sale and result for long-term business operations 148
Goodwill written off (44)
Adjustments in respect of restructuring costs borne by non-covered business (13)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 Post balance sheet events
Change to the Groups holding in PruHealth and PruProtect
On 1 August 2010, Discovery Holdings of South Africa, the Groups joint venture partner in its investment in
PruHealth and PruProtect, completed the acquisition of the entire share capital of Standard Life Healthcare, a
wholly-owned subsidiary of the Standard Life Group, for £138 million. Discovery funded the purchase of the Standard
Life Healthcare transaction, and contributed Standard Life Healthcare to PruHealth as a capital investment on
completion. As a result of the transaction, Discovery have increased their shareholding in both PruHealth and
PruProtect from the previous level of 50 per cent to 75 per cent, and Prudentials shareholding in each case has
reduced from 50 per cent of the previous joint venture structure to 25 per cent of the new structure with the much
enlarged business.
The impact of this transaction on the EEV results, including any dilution gain or loss, is being assessed and will
be included within the EEV supplementary information to the Groups full year financial statements.
78 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Total insurance and investment products new business
Total insurance and investment products new business notesi,iii,iv
Single Regular Annual premium and Present value of new
contribution business premiums
equivalents (PVNBP)
(APE)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2010 £m 2009 £m 2009 £m 2010 £m 2009 £m 2009 £m 2010 £m 2009 £m 2009 £m 2010 £m 2009 £m 2009 £m
Half Half Full Half Half Full Half Half Full Half Half Full
year year year year year year year year year year year year
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group insurance
operations
Asia - excl 430 327 785 670 492 1,131 713 524 1,209 3,316 2,551 5,982
Japannote iii
US 5,493 3,798 8,885 11 12 24 560 392 912 5,569 3,889 9,048
UK 2,438 2,451 4,768 138 131 246 382 376 723 3,081 3,062 5,902
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group total 8,361 6,576 14,438 819 635 1,401 1,655 1,292 2,844 11,966 9,502 20,932
- excl Japan
Japan 8 38 57 6 25 46 7 29 52 34 155 263
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group total 8,369 6,614 14,495 825 660 1,447 1,662 1,321 2,896 12,000 9,657 21,195
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian insurance
operations
Hong Kong 31 31 94 127 92 232 130 95 241 746 582 1,414
Indonesia 39 13 41 125 82 186 129 83 190 464 282 671
Malaysia 20 33 63 75 49 140 77 52 146 406 295 814
Philippines 23 3 14 8 4 10 10 4 11 42 14 39
Singapore 147 115 297 60 40 98 75 52 128 573 409 1,033
Thailand 8 5 14 12 8 14 13 8 16 45 25 54
Vietnam - - 1 18 15 35 18 15 35 65 55 128
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SE Asia inc. 268 200 524 425 290 715 452 310 767 2,341 1,662 4,153
Hong Kong
China 60 43 72 21 17 38 27 21 45 161 125 253
India 32 32 47 116 73 163 119 76 168 329 272 581
Korea 24 20 38 43 64 118 45 66 122 226 314 568
Taiwan 46 32 104 65 48 97 70 51 107 259 178 427
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Asian 430 327 785 670 492 1,131 713 524 1,209 3,316 2,551 5,982
operations -
excl Japan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
US insurance
operations
Fixed annuities 416 701 1,053 - - - 42 69 105 416 701 1,053
Fixed index 600 575 1,433 - - - 60 58 143 600 575 1,433
annuities
Life 5 5 10 11 12 24 11 13 25 81 96 173
Variable annuities 4,472 2,517 6,389 - - - 447 252 639 4,472 2,517 6,389
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total US 5,493 3,798 8,885 11 12 24 560 392 912 5,569 3,889 9,048
insurance
operations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UK insurance
operations
Direct and 362 273 590 - - - 36 27 59 362 273 590
partnership
annuities
Intermediated 119 140 242 - - - 12 14 24 119 140 242
annuities
Internal 637 726 1,357 - - - 64 73 136 637 726 1,357
vesting
annuities
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,118 1,139 2,189 - - - 112 114 219 1,118 1,139 2,189
individual
annuities
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Corporate pensions 159 115 192 106 103 191 122 114 210 613 571 1,007
Onshore bonds 688 758 1,444 - - - 69 76 145 689 759 1,444
Other products 462 419 881 32 28 55 78 70 143 650 573 1,200
Wholesale 11 20 62 - - - 1 2 6 11 20 62
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total UK 2,438 2,451 4,768 138 131 246 382 376 723 3,081 3,062 5,902
insurance
operations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group Total - 8,361 6,576 14,438 819 635 1,401 1,655 1,292 2,844 11,966 9,502 20,932
excl Japan
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
79
Total insurance and investment products new business continued
Investment products - funds under managements notesii,v
2010 £m
1 Jan 2010 Market Redemptions Market 30 Jun 2010
gross exchange
inflows translation
and other
movements
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian operations 19,474 37,983 (38,281) 1,169 20,345
US operations - - - - -
UK operations 70,306 13,372 (8,698) 690 75,670
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group total 89,780 51,355 (46,979) 1,859 96,015
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2009 £m
1 Jan 2009 Market Redemptions Market 30 Jun 2009
gross exchange
inflows translation
and other
movements
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asian operations 15,232 32,084 (30,628) (311) 16,377
US operations 50 6 (18) - 38
UK operations 46,997 12,631 (4,006) 299 55,921
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Group total 62,279 44,721 (34,652) (12) 72,336
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes
i The tables shown above are provided as an indicative volume measure of transactions undertaken in the
reporting period that have the potential to
generate profits for shareholders. The amounts shown are not, and not intended to be, reflective of premium
income recorded in the IFRS income
statement.
Annual Premiums Equivalents (APEs) are calculated as the aggregate of regular new business amounts and
one-tenth of single new business
amounts and are subject to roundings. New business premiums for regular premium products are shown on an
annualised basis. Department of
Work and Pensions (DWP) rebate business is classified as single recurrent business. Internal vesting business is
classified as new business where
the contracts include an open market option.
The format of the tables shown above is consistent with the distinction between insurance and investment
products as applied for previous
financial reporting periods. With the exception of some US institutional business, products categorised as
insurance refer to those classified as
contracts of long-term insurance business for regulatory reporting purposes, i.e. falling within one of the
classes of insurance specified in Part II of
Schedule 1 to the Regulated Activities Order under FSA regulations.
The details shown above for insurance products include contributions for contracts that are classified under
IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts as not
containing significant insurance risk. These products are described as investment contracts or other financial
instruments under IFRS. Contracts
included in this category are primarily certain unit-linked and similar contracts written in UK insurance
operations and Guaranteed Investment
Contracts and similar funding agreements written in US operations. ii Investment products referred to
in the table for funds under management above are unit trust, mutual funds and similar types of retail fund
management arrangements. These are unrelated to insurance products that are classified as investment contracts
under IFRS 4, as described in the
preceding paragraph, although similar IFRS recognition and measurement principles apply to the acquisition costs
and fees attaching to this type of
business. iii The tables above include new business for the Taiwan bank distribution operation. New business
of the Taiwan Agency business, which was sold in
June 2009, is excluded from the tables. iv New business sales for the Groups Japanese insurance subsidiary,
which ceased selling new business with effect from 15 February 2010, have been
presented separately from the remainder of the Group. v New business and market gross inflows and redemptions
have been translated at an average exchange rate for the year applicable. Funds under
management at points in time are translated at the exchange rate applicable at those dates.
80 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results
Condensed consolidated income statement
2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full
year
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance 11,256 9,518 19,976
Investment return G,I 5,027 3,625 26,889
Other income 754 574 1,234
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total revenue, net of reinsurance 17,037 13,717 48,099
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits and claims and movement in unallocated surplus of J (13,650) (10,783) (41,195)
with-profits funds, net of reinsurance
Acquisition costs and other expenditure G,H (2,654) (2,446) (4,572)
Finance costs: interest on core structural borrowings of (129) (84) (209)
shareholder-financed operations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loss on sale of Taiwan agency business K - (559) (559)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total charges, net of reinsurance (16,433) (13,872) (46,535)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to shareholders and * 604 (155) 1,564
policyholders returns)
Tax (charge) credit attributable to policyholders returns (11) 79 (818)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders C 593 (76) 746
-----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Tax (charge) credit L (160) (103) (873)
Less: tax attributable to policyholders returns 11 (79) 818
-----------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders returns L (149) (182) (55)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) from continuing operations after tax 444 (258) 691
Discontinued operations (net of tax) - - (14)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) for the period 444 (258) 677
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 442 (254) 676
Non-controlling interests 2 (4) 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) for the period 444 (258) 677
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Earnings per share (in pence)
Basic:
Based on profit (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the M 17.5p (10.2)p 27.6p
equity holders of the Company
Based on loss from discontinued operations attributable to the - - (0.6)p
equity holders of the Company
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17.5p (10.2)p 27.0p
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diluted:
Based on profit (loss) from continuing operations attributable to the M 17.5p (10.2)p 27.6p
equity holders of the Company
Based on loss from discontinued operations attributable to the - - (0.6)p
equity holders of the Company
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17.5p (10.2)p 27.0p
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the
result attributable to shareholders. The full year 2009 charge which was net of £nil tax,
reflected completion adjustments for a previously disposed business.
81
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results > continued
Condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income
2010 £m 2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full
year
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Profit (loss) for the period 444 (258) 677
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Exchange movements on foreign operations and net investment hedges:
Exchange movements arising during the period 315 (292) (206)
Related tax (8) (6) 11
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
307 (298) (195)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Available-for-sale securities:
Unrealised valuation movements on securities of US insurance operations
classified as available-for-sale:
Unrealised holding gains arising during the period 1,123 662 2,249
Add back net losses included in the income statement on disposal and impairment 21 146 420
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,144 808 2,669
W
Related change in amortisation of deferred income and acquisition (510) (235) (1,069)
costs S
Related tax (215) (150) (557)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
419 423 1,043
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of related tax 726 125 848
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period 1,170 (133) 1,525
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 1,168 (129) 1,524
Non-controlling interests 2 (4) 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period 1,170 (133) 1,525
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
82 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity
Period ended 30 Jun 2010 £m
---------------------------------
Available- Non-
Trans for-sale Share- control-
Share Share Retained lation securities holders ling Total
capital premium earnings reserve reserve equity interests equity
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reserves
Total comprehensive income for the period - - 442 307 419 1,168 2 1,170
Dividends - - (344) - - (344) - (344)
Reserve movements in respect of share-based payments - - 15 - - 15 - 15
Change in non-controlling interests arising - - - - - - 3 3
principally from purchase and sale of property
partnerships of the PAC with-profits fund and
other consolidated investment funds
Share capital and share premium
New share capital subscribed - 39 - - - 39 - 39
Transfer to retained earnings in - (26) 26 -
respect of shares issued in lieu of
cash dividends
Treasury shares
Movement in own shares in respect of - - 8 - - 8 - 8
share-based payment plans
Movement in Prudential plc shares - - 4 - - 4 - 4
purchased by unit trusts consolidated
under IFRS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net increase in equity - 13 151 307 419 890 5 895
At beginning of period 127 1,843 3,964 203 134 6,271 32 6,303
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At end of period 127 1,856 4,115 510 553 7,161 37 7,198
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
83
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results > continued
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity continued
Period ended 30 Jun 2009 £m
Available- Non-
Trans- for-sale Share- control-
Share Share Retainedlation securitiesholdersling Total
capital premium earningsreservereserve equity interestsequity
Reserves
Total comprehensive income
(loss) for the period -- -- (254) (298) 423 (129) (4) (133)
Dividends -- -- (322) -- -- (322) -- (322)
Reserve movements in respect of
share-based payments -- -- 18 -- -- 18 -- 18
Change in non-controlling
interests arising principally
from purchase and sale of
property partnerships of
the PAC with-profits fund
and other consolidated
investment funds -- -- -- -- -- -- (22) (22)
Share capital and share premium
New share capital subscribed 1 95 -- -- -- 96 -- 96
Transfer to retained earnings
in respect of shares issued
in lieu of cash dividends -- (95) 95 -- -- -- -- --
Treasury shares
Movement in own shares in
respect of share-based
payment plans -- -- 7 -- -- 7 -- 7
Movement in Prudential plc
shares purchased by
unit trusts consolidated
under IFRS -- -- (8) -- -- (8) -- (8)
Net increase (decrease) in
equity 1 -- (464) (298) 423 (338) (26) (364)
At beginning of period 125 1,840 3,604 398 (909) 5,058 55 5,113
At end of period 126 1,840 3,140 100 (486) 4,720 29 4,749
84 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity continued
Year ended 31 Dec 2009 £m
Available- Non-
Trans- for-sale Share-control-
Share Share Retained lation securities holder ling Total
capital premium earnings reserve reserve equity interests equity
Reserves
Total comprehensive income (loss)
for the year -- -- 676 (195) 1,043 1,524 1 1,525
Dividends -- -- (481) -- -- (481) -- (481)
Reserve movements in respect of
share-based payments -- -- 29 -- -- 29 -- 29
Change in non-controlling
interests arising principally
from purchase and sale of
property partnerships of
the PAC with-profits fund and
other consolidated
investment funds -- -- -- -- -- -- (24) (24)
Share capital and share premium
New share capital subscribed 2 139 -- -- -- 141 -- 141
Transfer to retained earnings in
respect of shares issued
in lieu of cash dividends -- (136) 136 -- -- -- -- --
Treasury shares
Movement in own shares in respect
of share-based
payment plans -- -- 3 -- -- 3 -- 3
Movement in Prudential plc shares
purchased by
unit trusts consolidated under
IFRS -- -- (3) -- -- (3) -- (3)
Net increase (decrease) in equity 2 3 360 (195) 1,043 1,213 (23) 1,190
At beginning of year 125 1,840 3,604 398 (909) 5,058 55 5,113
At end of year 127 1,843 3,964 203 134 6,271 32 6,303
85
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results > continued
Condensed consolidated statement of financial position
2010 £m 2009 £m
Assets Note 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
Goodwill R 1,465 1,310 1,310
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets S 4,028 4,045 4,049
5,493 5,355 5,359
Intangible assets attributable to with-profits funds:
In respect of acquired subsidiaries for venture fund
and other investment purposes 124 159 124
Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets 110 111 106
234 270 230
Total 5,727 5,625 5,589
Other non-investment and non-cash assets:
Property, plant and equipment 382 428 367
Reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities 1,369 1,114 1,187
Deferred tax assets L 2,691 2,149 2,708
Current tax recoverable 575 389 636
Accrued investment income 2,559 2,366 2,473
Other debtors 1,467 1,311 762
Total 9,043 7,757 8,133
Investments of long-term business and other operations:
Investment properties 11,360 10,479 10,905
Investments accounted for using the equity method 9 6 6
Financial investments:
Loans U 9,587 8,613 8,754
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit
trusts 71,775 56,069 69,354
Debt securities V 113,334 89,399 101,751
Other investments 6,768 6,085 5,132
Deposits 9,766 8,806 12,820
Total 222,599 179,457 208,722
Properties held for sale 3 5 3
Cash and cash equivalents 6,040 6,542 5,307
Total assets O 243,412 199,386 227,754
86 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Condensed consolidated statement of financial position
2010 £m 2009 £m
Equity and liabilities Note 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Equity
Shareholders' equity 7,161 4,720 6,271
Non-controlling interests 37 29 32
Total equity 7,198 4,749 6,303
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds
Contract liabilities (including amounts in respect of
contracts classified as
investment contracts under IFRS 4) 198,913 165,047 186,398
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds 10,066 7,061 10,019
Total AA 208,979 172,108 196,417
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed
operations:
Subordinated debt 2,767 2,198 2,691
Other 715 701 703
Total X 3,482 2,899 3,394
Other borrowings:
Operational borrowings attributable to
shareholder-financed operations Y 3,234 2,855 2,751
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations Y 1,313 1,349 1,284
Other non-insurance liabilities:
Obligations under funding, securities lending and
sale and repurchase agreements 3,222 4,218 3,482
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated
unit trusts and similar funds 2,667 2,706 3,809
Current tax liabilities 1,272 663 1,215
Deferred tax liabilities L 4,115 2,651 3,872
Accruals and deferred income 555 626 594
Other creditors 3,246 1,640 1,612
Provisions 641 614 643
Derivative liabilities 2,033 1,379 1,501
Other liabilities 1,455 929 877
Total 19,206 15,426 17,605
Total liabilities 236,214 194,637 221,451
Total equity and liabilities O 243,412 199,386 227,754
87
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) basis results > continued
Condensed consolidated statement of cash flows
2010 £m2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full year
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit (loss) before tax (being tax attributable to
shareholders and
policyholders returns)note i 604 (155) 1,564
Loss before tax from discontinued operations -- -- (14)
Total profit (loss) before tax 604 (155) 1,550
Changes in operating assets and liabilitiesnote ii 516 1,068 (2,139)
Other itemsnote ii 167 633 697
Net cash flows from operating activities 1,287 1,546 108
Cash flows from investing activities
Net cash flows from purchases and disposals of
property, plant and equipment (22) (22) (37)
Completion adjustment for previously disposed
business -- -- (20)
Disposal of Taiwan agency businessnote iii K -- (436) (497)
Acquisition of UOB Life, net of cash balancenote iv (101) -- --
Net cash flows from investing activities (123) (458) (554)
Cash flows from financing activities
Structural borrowings of the Group:
Shareholder-financed operations:note v X
Issue of subordinated debt, net of costs -- 379 822
Redemption of senior debt -- (249) (249)
Interest paid (131) (98) (207)
With-profits operations:note vi Y
Interest paid (4) (9) (9)
Equity capital:note vii
Issues of ordinary share capital 13 -- 3
Dividends paid (318) (226) (344)
Net cash flows from financing activities (440) (203) 16
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 724 885 (430)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 5,307 5,955 5,955
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash
equivalents 9 (298) (218)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 6,040 6,542 5,307
Notes i This measure is the formal profit (loss) before tax measure under IFRS but it is not the result attributable to shareholders.
ii The adjusting items to profit (loss) before tax include changes in operating assets and liabilities, and other items including
adjustments in respect of non-cash items, together with operational interest receipts and payments, dividend receipts, and tax paid.
The figure of £633 million for other items at half year 2009 (full year 2009: £697 million) includes £559 million (full year 2009:
£559 million) for the loss on disposal of Taiwan agency business.
The elements of the adjusting items within changes in operating assets and liabilities are as follows:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Other non-investment and non-cash assets (997) 227 (384)
Investments (5,278) (1,076) (26,388)
Policyholder liabilities (including
unallocated surplus) 6,086 2,265 24,932
Other liabilities (including operational
borrowings) 705 (348) (299)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities 516 1,068 (2,139)
iii The amount of £436 million for half year 2009 and £497 million for full year 2009 in respect of the disposal of the Taiwan agency
business shown above, represents the cash and cash equivalents of £388 million held by Taiwan agency business transferred on disposal
and restructuring costs paid in cash in the period (half year 2009: £3 million; full year 2009: £ 64 million). In addition, the cash
flow for the disposal includes a £45 million outflow to purchase a 9.99 per cent stake in China Life.
iv On 6 January 2010, the Group announced the acquisition from United Overseas Bank Limited (UOB) of its 100 per cent interest in
UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore (see note Q). The amount of £101 million net cash outflow in respect of this acquisition
represents consideration which has been paid as at 30 June 2010 of £188 million, acquisition-related costs paid of £2 million, less
cash and cash equivalents acquired of £89 million.
v Structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations comprise core debt of the holding company and Jackson surplus notes. Core
debt excludes borrowings to support short-term fixed income securities programmes, non-recourse borrowings of investment subsidiaries
of shareholder-financed operations and other borrowings of shareholder-financed operations. Cash flows in respect of these borrowings
are included within cash flows from operating activities. vi Structural borrowings of with-profits operations relate solely to the
£100 million 8.5 per cent undated subordinated guaranteed bonds which contribute to the solvency base of the Scottish Amicable
Insurance Fund (SAIF), a ring-fenced sub-fund of the PAC with-profits fund. Cash flows in respect of other borrowings of with-profits
funds, which principally relate to consolidated investment funds, are included within cash flows from operating activities.
vii Cash movements in respect of equity capital exclude scrip dividends.
88 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Notes on the IFRS basis results
A: Basis of preparation and audit status
These condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the six months ended 30 June 2010 have been prepared in accordance with
IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and as adopted by the European
Union (EU). The Groups policy for preparing this interim financial information is to use the accounting policies adopted by the
Group in its last consolidated financial statements, as updated by any changes in accounting policies it intends to make in its next
consolidated financial statements as a result of new or amended IFRSs that are applicable or available for early adoption for the
next annual financial statements and other policy improvements. EU-endorsed IFRSs may differ from IFRSs issued by the IASB if, at any
point in time, new or amended IFRSs have not been endorsed by the EU. At 30 June 2010, there were no unendorsed standards effective
for the period ended 30 June 2010 affecting the condensed consolidated financial statements, and there were no differences between
IFRSs endorsed by the EU and IFRSs issued by the IASB in terms of their application to the Group.
The IFRS basis results for the 2010 and 2009 half years are unaudited. The 2009 full year IFRS basis results have been derived
from the 2009 statutory accounts. The auditors have reported on the 2009 statutory accounts which have been delivered to the
Registrar of Companies. The auditors report was (i) unqualified, (ii) did not include a reference to any matters to which the
auditors drew attention by way of emphasis without qualifying their report and (iii) did not contain a statement under section 498(2)
or (3) of the Companies Act 2006.
B: Significant accounting policies
The accounting policies applied by the Group in determining the IFRS basis results in this announcement are the same as those
previously applied in the Groups consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009, except for the following
adoption of new accounting pronouncements in 2010:
Revised IFRS 3, Business Combinations and Amendments to IAS 27, Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements
The Group has applied the revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 from 1 January 2010. The revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 are the
outcomes of the second phase of the IASBs and the US Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) joint business combination
project. The change in accounting policy as a result of the adoption of these standards has been applied prospectively. No
restatement to 2009 comparatives is required. The more significant changes from the revised IFRS 3 include:
the immediate expensing of acquisition-related costs rather than inclusion in goodwill; and
recognition and measurement at fair value of contingent consideration at acquisition date with subsequent changes to
income.
The amendments to IAS 27 reflect changes to the accounting for non-controlling interests (known as minority interests prior to the
amendments). From 1 January 2010, transactions that increase or decrease non-controlling interests without a change of control are
accounted as equity transactions and therefore no goodwill is recognised.
The adoption of revised IFRS 3 and amended IAS 27 has resulted in presentational and disclosure changes in the Groups financial
statements, and affected the accounting for the acquisition of United Overseas Bank (UOB) Life Assurance Limited in Singapore. The
disclosure on this acquisition is provided in note Q. As a result of the adoption of the revised IFRS 3, the Group has expensed the
UOB Life acquisition-related costs incurred of £2 million which would otherwise have been included within goodwill.
Other accounting pronouncements adopted in 2010
In addition, the Group has adopted the following accounting pronouncements in 2010 but their adoption has had no material impact on
the results and financial position of the Group:
Improvements to IFRSs (2009)
Amendments to IFRS 2 -- Group cash-settled share-based payment transactions
Amendments to IAS 39, Financial instruments: Recognition and Measurement -- Eligible hedged items
This is not intended to be a complete list of accounting pronouncements effective in 2010 as only those that could have an impact
upon the Groups financial statements have been discussed.
89
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
C: Segment disclosure -- income statement
2010 £m2009 £m
Note Half year Half year Full year
Asian operationsnote i
Insurance operations: Ei
Underlying results before exceptional credit 262 149 353
Exceptional credit Ei,b -- 63 63
Total Asian insurance operations 262 212 416
Development expenses (3) (5) (6)
Total Asian insurance operations after development
expenses 259 207 410
Asian asset management 36 21 55
Total Asian operations 295 228 465
US operations
Jackson (US insurance operations)note ii Eii 450 217 459
Broker-dealer and asset management 15 2 4
Total US operations 465 219 463
UK operations
UK insurance operations:
Long-term business Eiii 307 303 606
General insurance commissionnote iii 23 27 51
Total UK insurance operations 330 330 657
M&G 143 102 238
Total UK operations 473 432 895
Total segment profit 1,233 879 1,823
Other income and expenditure
Investment return and other income 5 13 22
Interest payable on core structural borrowings (129) (84) (209)
Corporate expenditure:
Group Head Office (86) (74) (146)
Asia Regional Head Office (27) (23) (57)
Charge for share-based payments for Prudential
schemesnote iv (3) (11) (5)
Total (240) (179) (395)
Solvency II implementation costs (22) -- --
Restructuring costsnote v (3) (12) (23)
Operating profit based on longer-term investment
returnsnote i 968 688 1,405
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on
shareholder-backed business F 26 (80) 36
Shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and
losses on defined benefit
pension schemesnote vi (24) (63) (74)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction G (377) -- --
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency businessnote i K -- (621) (621)
Profit (loss) from continuing operations before tax
attributable to shareholders 593 (76) 746
Notes
i Sale of Taiwan agency business: In order to facilitate comparisons of operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
that reflect the Groups retained operations, the results attributable to the Taiwan business for which the sale process was
completed in June 2009 are included separately within the supplementary analysis of profit for 2009.
ii The US insurance operating profit of £450 million includes £123 million of net equity hedging gains, net of related DAC, (half
year 2009: losses of £23 million; full year 2009: losses of £159 million) representing the movement in fair value of free standing
derivatives included in operating profit and the movement in the accounting value of Jacksons variable and fixed index annuity
products, for which a significant proportion are not fair valued. These net gains / losses are variable in nature.
iii UK operations transferred its general insurance business to Churchill in 2002, with general insurance commission representing
the net commission receivable net of expenses for Prudential-branded general insurance products as part of this arrangement.
iv The charge for share-based payments for Prudential schemes is for the SAYE and Group performance-related schemes.
v Restructuring costs of £3 million have been incurred in the UK (half year 2009: £7 million; full year 2009: £16 million) and £nil
in central operations (half year 2009: £5 million; full year 2009: £7 million).
vi The shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes reflects the aggregate of
actual less expected returns on scheme assets, experience gains and losses, the effect of changes in assumptions and altered
provisions for deficit funding, where relevant.
92 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Determining operating segments and performance measure of operating segments
The Groups operating segments determined in accordance with IFRS 8, are as follows:
Insurance operations
Asia
US (Jackson)
UK
Asset management operations
M&G
Asian asset management
US broker-dealer and asset management (including Curian)
Prudential Capital has been incorporated into the M&G operating segment for the purposes of segment reporting.
The performance measure of operating segments utilised by the Company is IFRS operating profit attributable to shareholders based
on longer-term investment returns. This measure excludes the recurrent items of short-term fluctuations in investment returns and the
shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses on defined benefit pension schemes and transaction costs arising from
business combinations. In addition, for 2010 this measure excluded costs associated with the terminated AIA transaction. For 2009 it
excluded the non-recurrent cost of hedging the Group IGD capital surplus included within short-term fluctuations in investment
returns. Furthermore, in 2009 the Company sold its Taiwan agency business. In order to facilitate comparisons on a like for like
basis, the loss on sale and the results of the Taiwan agency business during the period of ownership are shown separately within the
supplementary analysis of profits. Segments results that are reported to the Group Executive Committee (GEC) include items directly
attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items are mainly in relation to
the Group Head Office and Asian Regional Head Office.
For the purposes of measuring operating profit, investment returns on shareholder-financed business are based on the expected
longer-term rates of return. This reflects the particular features of long-term insurance business where assets and liabilities are
held for the long-term and for which the accounting basis for insurance liabilities under current IFRS is not generally conducive to
demonstrating trends in underlying performance for life businesses exclusive of changes in market conditions. In determining profit
on this basis, the following key elements are applied to the results of the Groups shareholder-financed operations.
a Debt and equity securities
Longer-term investment returns comprise income and longer-term capital returns. For debt securities the longer-term capital returns
comprise two elements. These are a risk margin reserve (RMR) based charge for expected defaults, which is determined by reference to
the credit quality of the portfolio, and amortisation of interest-related realised gains and losses to operating results based on
longer-term investment returns to the date when sold bonds would have otherwise matured.
The shareholder-backed operation for which the risk margin reserve charge is most significant is Jackson National Life. During the
second half of 2009, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) changed its approach to the determination of
regulatory ratings of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), using an external third party, PIMCO, to develop regulatory
ratings detail for more than 20,000 RMBS securities owned by US insurers at the end of 2009. Jackson has used the ratings resulting
from this model to determine the average annual RMR for half year 2010 and full year 2009 as this is considered more relevant
information for the RMBS securities concerned than the previous approach of using ratings by Nationally Recognised Statistical
Ratings Organisation (NRSRO). It should be noted that this has no impact on the valuation applied to those securities within the IFRS
statement of financial position and there is no impact to IFRS profit before tax or shareholders equity as a result of this change.
b Derivative value movements
Value movements for Jacksons equity-based derivatives and variable and fixed index annuity product embedded derivatives are included
in operating profits based on longer-term investment returns. To ensure these reflect longer-term movements the fair value movement
included in operating profit is based on longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average AA corporate bond rate curves,
with the movement relating to change in current rates being included in short-term fluctuations. The operating profits based on
longer-term investment returns explicitly include:
The fair value movement in free standing hedging derivatives, excluding the impact of the difference between
longer-term and current period implied equity volatility levels as mentioned above;
The movement in liabilities for those embedded derivative liabilities which are fair valued in accordance with IFRS,
primarily GMWB not for life and fixed index annuity business, excluding the impacts of the differences between longer-term
and current period equity volatility and incorporating 10-year average yield curves, in lieu of current period yield curves;
Movements in IFRS basis guarantee liabilities for GMWB for life, being those policies where a minimum annual
withdrawal is permitted for the duration of the policyholders life subject to certain conditions, and GMDB business for
which, under the US GAAP rules applied under IFRS, the reserving methodology under US GAAP principles generally gives rise
to a muted impact of current period market movements; and
Related changes to the amortisation of deferred acquisition costs for each of the above items.
The effects of the above components give rise to variable gains and losses arising from the differing measuring basis between some
assets and liabilities. This is further discussed in note E (ii).
Other derivative value movements are excluded from operating results based on longer-term investment returns. These derivatives
are primarily held by Jackson as part of a broadly-based hedging programme for features of Jacksons bond portfolio (for which value
movements are booked in the statement of comprehensive income rather than the income statement) and product liabilities (for which US
GAAP accounting does not reflect the economic features being hedged).
91
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
C: Segment disclosure -- income statement continued
These key elements are of most importance in determining the operating results based on longer-term investment returns of Jackson.
There are two exceptions to the basis described above for determining operating results based on longer-term investment returns.
These are for:
Unit-linked and US variable annuity business. For such business the policyholder liabilities are directly reflective
of the asset value movements. Accordingly all asset value movements are recorded in the operating results based on
longer-term investment returns.
Assets covering non-participating business liabilities that are interest rate sensitive. For UK annuity business
policyholder liabilities are determined by reference to current interest rates. The value movements of the assets covering
liabilities are closely correlated with the related change in liabilities. Accordingly asset value movements are recorded
within the operating results based on longer-term investment returns. Policyholder liabilities include a margin for credit
risk. Variations between actual and best estimate expected impairments are recorded as a component of short-term
fluctuations in investment returns.
c Liabilities to policyholders and embedded derivatives for product guarantees
Under IFRS, the degree to which the carrying values of liabilities to policyholders are sensitive to current market conditions varies
between territories depending upon the nature of the grandfathered measurement basis. In general, in those instances where the
liabilities are particularly sensitive to routine changes in market conditions, the accounting basis is such that the impact of
market movements on the assets and liabilities is broadly equivalent in the income statement, and operating profit based on
longer-term investments returns is not distorted. In these circumstances, there is no need for the movement in the liability to be
bifurcated between the elements that relate to longer-term market conditions and short-term effects.
However, some types of business movements in liabilities do require bifurcation to ensure that at the net level (i.e. after
allocated investment return and change for policyholder benefits) the operating result reflects longer-term market returns.
Examples where such bifurcation is necessary are:
i Asia
Vietnamese participating business
For the participating business in Vietnam the liabilities include policyholders interest in investment appreciation and other
surplus. Bonuses paid in a reporting period and accrued policyholders interest in investment appreciation and other surpluses
primarily reflect the level of realised investment gains above contract specific hurdle levels. For this business, operating profit
based on longer-term investment returns includes the aggregate of longer-term returns on the relevant investments, a credit or charge
equal to movements on the liability for the policyholders interest in realised investment gains (net of any recovery of prior
deficits on the participating pool), less amortisation over five years of current and prior movements on such credits or charges.
The overall purpose of these adjustments is to ensure that investment returns included in operating results equal longer-term
returns but that in any one reporting period movements on liabilities to policyholders caused by investment returns are substantially
matched in the presentation of the supplementary analysis of profit before tax attributable to policyholders.
Non-participating business
Bifurcation for the effect of determining the movement in the carrying value of liabilities to be included in operating results based
on longer-term investment returns, and the residual element for the effect of using year end rates is included in short-term
fluctuations and in the income statement.
Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) product features
For unhedged GMDB liabilities accounted for under IFRS using grandfathered US GAAP, such as in the Japanese business, the change in
carrying value is determined under FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944--80 (formerly SOP 03-01), which partially
reflects changes in market conditions. Under the Companys supplementary basis of reporting the operating profit reflects the change
in liability based on longer-term market conditions with the difference between the charge to the operating result and the movement
reflected in the total result included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.
ii US operations -- Embedded derivatives for variable annuity guarantee features
Under IFRS, the not for life Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) is required to be fair valued as an embedded derivative.
The movement in carrying values is affected by changes in equity market levels, as well as the level of observed implied equity
volatility and changes to the interest rates applied from period to period. For these embedded derivatives the interest rates applied
reflect current yield curve rates. For the purposes of determining operating profit based on longer-term investment returns the
charge for these features is determined using historical longer-term equity volatility levels and long-term average yield curves.
The Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) liability, which is fully reinsured, subject to annual claim limits, is accounted for
in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 944-80 (formerly SOP 03-01). As the corresponding reinsurance
asset is net settled, it is considered to be a derivative under IAS 39 and the asset is therefore recognised at fair value. As the
GMIB benefit is economically reinsured the mark to market element of the reinsurance asset is included as a component of short-term
derivative fluctuation.
92 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
iii UK shareholder-backed annuity business
With one exception, the operating result based on longer-term investment returns reflects the impact of all value movements on
policyholder liabilities for annuity business in PRIL and the PAC non-profit sub-fund.
The exception is for the impact on credit risk provisioning of actual downgrades during the period. As this feature arises due to
short-term market conditions, the effect of downgrades, if any, in a particular period, on the overall provisions for credit risk is
included in the category of short-term fluctuations in investment returns.
The effects of other changes to credit risk provisioning are included in the operating result, as is the net effect of changes to
the valuation rate of interest due to portfolio rebalancing to align more closely with management benchmark.
d Fund management and other non-insurance businesses
For these businesses, the particular features applicable for life assurance noted above do not apply. For these businesses it is
inappropriate to include returns in the operating result on the basis described above. Instead, it is appropriate to generally
include realised gains and losses (including impairments) in the operating result with unrealised gains and losses being included in
short-term fluctuations. For this purpose impairments are calculated as the credit loss determined by comparing the projected cash
flows discounted at the original effective interest rate to the carrying value. In some instances it may also be appropriate to
amortise realised gains and losses on derivatives and other financial instruments to operating results over a time period that
reflects the underlying economic substance of the arrangements.
Additional segmental analysis of revenue
The additional segmental analyses of revenue from external customers are as follows:
Half year
2010 £m
Asia US UK Intragroup Total
Revenue from external customers:
Insurance operations 3,009 5,676 2,733 (6) 11,412
Asset management 120 295 322 (146) 591
Unallocated corporate -- -- 7 -- 7
Intragroup revenue eliminated on
consolidation (36) (32) (84) 152 --
Total revenue from external
customers 3,093 5,939 2,978 -- 12,010
Half year
2009 £m
Asia US UK Intragroup Total
Revenue from external customers :
Insurance operations 2,783 3,970 3,048 (8) 9,793
Asset management 64 190 162 (122) 294
Unallocated corporate -- -- 5 -- 5
Intragroup revenue eliminated on
consolidation (32) (29) (69) 130 --
Total revenue from external
customers 2,815 4,131 3,146 -- 10,092
Full year
2009 £m
Asia US UK Intragroup Total
Revenue from external customers:
Insurance operations 5,336 9,097 5,822 (11) 20,244
Asset management 213 499 513 (271) 954
Unallocated corporate -- -- 12 -- 12
Intragroup revenue eliminated on
consolidation (70) (67) (145) 282 --
Total revenue from external
customers 5,479 9,529 6,202 -- 21,210
Revenue from external customers is made up of the following:
2010 £m2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Earned premiums, net of reinsurance 11,256 9,518 19,976
Fee income from investment contract business and
asset management
(included within Other income) 754 574 1,234
Total revenue from external customers 12,010 10,092 21,210
In their capacity as fund managers to fellow Prudential Group subsidiaries, M&G, the US and the Asian asset management businesses
earn fees for investment management and related services. These fees totalled £146 million in half year 2010 (half year 2009: £122
million; and full year 2009: £271 million) and are included in the asset management segment above. In half year 2010, the remaining
£6 million (half year 2009: £8 million; full year 2009: £11 million) of intragroup revenue was recognised by UK insurance operations.
These services are charged at appropriate arms length prices, typically priced as a percentage of funds under management.
93
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
D: Profit before tax -- Asset management operations
The profit included in the income statement in respect of asset management operations is as follows:
2010 £m 2009 £m
M&G US Asia Half year Half year Full year
Revenuenote i 364 299 121 784 663 1,516
Chargesnote i (225) (284) (85) (594) (537) (1,163)
Profit before tax 139 15 36 190 126 353
Comprising:
Operating profit based on
longer-term
investment returnsnote ii 143 15 36 194 125 297
Short-term fluctuations in
investment returns 12 -- -- 12 3 70
Actuarial losses on defined
benefit pension schemes (16) -- -- (16) (2) (14)
139 15 36 190 126 353
Notes
i Included within M&G are realised and unrealised net investment gains/losses in respect of consolidated investment funds and
Prudential Capital.
The investment funds are managed on behalf of third parties and consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements
for the funds. The investment gains/losses in respect of the investment funds are non-recourse to M&G and the Group and are added
back through charges. Consequently there is no impact on profit before tax. Excluding the grossing up in respect of the consolidated
investment funds, the revenue for M&G would be £ 338 million (half year 2009: £262 million; full year 2009: £697 million) and the
charges £199 million (half year 2009: £159 million; full year 2009: £403 million).
ii M&G operating profit based on longer-term investment returns
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Asset management fee income 298 195 457
Other income 1 7 13
Staff costs (122) (85) (205)
Other costs (58) (42) (100)
Underlying profit before performance-related fees 119 75 165
Performance-related fees 3 -- 12
Operating profit from asset management operations 122 75 177
Operating profit from Prudential Capital 21 27 61
Total M&G operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 143 102 238
The difference between the fees and other income shown above in respect of asset management operations, and the revenue figure for
M&G shown in the main table primarily relates to income and investment gains/losses earned by Prudential Capital and by investment
funds controlled by the asset management operations which are consolidated under IFRS.
E: Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities
i Asian insurance operations
a In half year 2010, one-off changes made to reserving assumptions resulted in a release from liabilities of £19 million.
b In 2009, the local regulatory basis in Malaysia was replaced by the Malaysian authoritys Risk-Based Capital (RBC) framework. In
light of this development, the Company re-measured these liabilities by reference to the method applied under the new RBC framework
which resulted in a one-off release from liabilities at 1 January 2009 of £63 million.
ii US insurance operations
a In half year 2010, half year 2009, full year 2009 and full year 2008, the operating result for Jackson was affected by net equity
hedge effects in the following manner:
2010 £m2009 £m 2008 £m
Half year Half year Full yearFull year
Result excluding equity hedge result and related
amortisation of deferred
acquisition costsnote i 327 240 618 335
Equity hedge results net of related amortisation
of deferred acquisition costs 123 (23) (159) 71
Operating profit based on longer-term investment
returns 450 217 459 406
Note
i The result excluding the equity hedge result after amortisation of deferred acquisition costs which varies both with the underlying
financial performance of the Jackson business and with the difference between the actual separate account return in the period and
that assumed in the prior year DAC valuation. This acceleration or deceleration in DAC as a result of market movement is discussed
further in note S.
94 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Equity hedge results
The equity hedge result relates to the management of the equity hedge risk within the Groups variable annuity, and to a much lesser
extent fixed index annuity businesses. It primarily reflects the difference between the value movement included in operating profit
on free-standing derivatives and the movement in the accounting value of liabilities for guarantees in Jacksons variable annuity
products. For certain of these guarantees, namely Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit (GMDB) and for-life Guaranteed Minimum
Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) features, the liabilities are not fair valued for accounting purposes but are reported pursuant to the US
GAAP measurement basis applied for IFRS. Among other factors, these differences in approach to valuing assets and liabilities give
rise to variable hedging gains or losses, which for the six month period ended 30 June 2010 totalled £123 million positive after
allowing for related DAC amortisation. Over the longer-term it is anticipated that such gains and losses will substantially reverse.
The total cumulative impact of these equity hedge results, net of related deferred acquisition costs, for the 30 months ended 30 June
2010 is a small gain of £35 million.
Jackson hedges on an economic basis all embedded derivatives as well as related fees and claims, through a combination of options
and futures after taking into account the natural offsets in the book. These equity related hedging instruments and the liabilities
to which they relate have been included in operating results consistent with the fees and claims to which they will ultimately relate.
iii UK insurance operations -- annuity business: allowance for credit risk
For IFRS reporting, the results for UK shareholder-backed annuity business are particularly sensitive to the allowances made for
credit risk. The allowance is reflected in the deduction from the valuation rate of interest for discounting projected future annuity
payments to policyholders that would have otherwise applied. Since mid-2007 there has been a significant increase in the actual and
perceived credit risk associated with corporate bonds as reflected in the significant widening that has occurred in corporate bond
spreads. Although bond spreads over swap rates have narrowed from their peak in March 2009, they are still high compared with the
levels seen in the years immediately preceding the start of the dislocated markets in 2007. The allowance that should therefore be
made for credit risk remains a particular area of judgement.
The additional yield received on corporate bonds relative to swaps can be broken into the following constituent parts:
the expected level of future defaults;
the credit risk premium that is required to compensate for the potential volatility in default levels; and
the liquidity premium that is required to compensate for the lower liquidity of corporate bonds relative to swaps.
The credit risk allowance is a function of the asset type and the credit quality of the underlying portfolio. Government bonds
are generally given a credit default allowance of zero. For corporate bonds the credit allowance varies by credit rating. An analysis
of the credit ratings of debt securities is included in note V.
Given that the normal business model is for Prudentials annuity business to hold bonds to match long-term liabilities, the
valuation rate that is applied to discount the future annuity payments includes a liquidity premium that reflects the residual
element of current bond spreads over swap rates after providing for the credit risk.
Historically, until the second half of 2007, when corporate bond spreads widened significantly, the allowance for credit risk was
calculated as the long-term expected defaults and a long-term credit risk premium. This long-term credit risk was supplemented by a
short-term allowance from 31 December 2007 to allow for the concern that credit ratings applied by the rating agencies may be
downgraded and defaults in the short term might be higher than the long-term assumptions.
The weighted components of the bond spread over swap rates for shareholder-backed fixed and linked annuity business for PRIL at 30
June 2010, 30 June 2009 and 31 December 2009, based on the asset mix at the relevant balance sheet date are shown below.
30 June 2010
Adjustment
from
Pillar I regulatory
regulatory to IFRS
basis basis IFRS
(bps) (bps) (bps)
Bond spread over swap ratesnote i 173 -- 173
Credit risk allowance
Long-term expected defaultsnote ii 17 -- 17
Long-term credit risk premiumnote iii 11 -- 11
Short-term allowance for credit risknote
iv 39 (25) 14
Total credit risk allowance 67 (25) 42
Liquidity premium 106 25 131
95
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
E: Key assumptions, estimates and bases used to measure insurance assets and liabilities continued
30 June 2009
Adjustment
from
Pillar I regulatory
regulatory to IFRS
basis basis IFRS
(bps) (bps) (bps)
Bond spread over swap ratesnote i 275 -- 275
Credit risk allowance
Long-term expected defaultsnote ii 24 -- 24
Long-term credit risk premiumnote iii 15 -- 15
Short-term allowance for credit risknote
iv 46 (28) 18
Total credit risk allowance 85 (28) 57
Liquidity premium 190 28 218
31 December 2009
Adjustment
from
Pillar I regulatory
regulatory to IFRS
basis basis IFRS
(bps) (bps) (bps)
Bond spread over swap ratesnote i 175 -- 175
Credit risk allowance
Long-term expected defaultsnote ii 19 -- 19
Long-term credit risk premiumnote iii 13 -- 13
Short-term allowance for credit risknote
iv 39 (24) 15
Total credit risk allowance 71 (24) 47
Liquidity premium 104 24 128
Notes
i Bond spread over swap rates reflect market observed data.
ii Long-term expected defaults are derived by applying Moodys data from 1970 to 2004 uplifted by between 100 per cent (B) and 200
per cent (AAA) according to credit rating on the annuity asset portfolio. The credit rating assigned to each asset held is based on
external credit rating and for this purpose the credit rating assigned to each asset held is the lowest credit rating published by
Moodys, Standard and Poors and Fitch.
iii The long-term credit risk premium provides compensation against the risk of potential volatility in the level of defaults and is
derived by applying the 95th percentile from Moodys data from 1970 to 2004 to the annuity asset portfolio.
iv The short-term allowance for credit risk was increased substantially in 2008 to be equal to 25 per cent of the increase in
corporate bond spreads as estimated from the movements in published corporate bond spreads (as estimated from the movements in
published corporate bond indices) since 31 December 2006. Subsequent to this date movements have reflected events in the period,
namely the impact of credit migration, the decision not to release favourable default experience, new business and asset trading
amongst other items. This is demonstrated by the analyses below.
The very prudent Pillar I regulatory basis reflects the overriding objective of ensuring sufficient provisions and capital to
ensure payments to policyholders can be made. The approach for IFRS, on the other hand, aims to establish liabilities that are
closer to best estimate. IFRS default assumptions are therefore set between the EEV and Pillar I assumptions.
Factors affecting the credit risk allowance at 30 June 2010
The main factors influencing the credit risk allowance at 30 June 2010 for PRIL were as follows:
Pillar 1 Regulatory basis IFRS (bps)
(bps)
Long Short Long Short
term term Total term term Total
Total allowance for credit
risk at 31 December 2009 32 39 71 32 15 47
Credit migration 1 (1) -- 1 (1) --
Retention of surplus from
favourable default
experience -- 3 3 -- 1 1
Asset trading (4) -- (4) (4) -- (4)
New business -- (1) (1) -- -- --
Other (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (2)
Total allowance for credit
risk at 30 June 2010 28 39 67 28 14 42
96 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The reserves for credit risk allowance at 30 June 2010 for the UK shareholder annuity fund were as follows:
Pillar 1 Regulatory basis £bn IFRS £bn
Long Short Long Short
term term Total term term Total
PRIL 0.6 0.9 1.5 0.6 0.3 0.9
PAC non-profit
sub-fund 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1
Total 0.7 1.0 1.7 0.7 0.3 1.0
F: Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business
2010 £m2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Insurance operations:
Asiannote ii 41 (41) 31
USnote iii (120) 165 27
UKnotes i and iv 93 (63) 108
Other operations
-- IGD hedge costsnote v -- (216) (235)
-- Othernote vi 12 75 105
12 (141) (130)
Total 26 (80) 36
Notes
i General overview of defaults
The Group did not incur any defaults in the half year 2010 on its debt securities portfolio (half year 2009: £11 million; full
year 2009: £11 million). The defaults of £11 million in the half year and full year 2009 were experienced primarily by the UK
shareholder-backed annuity business. Jackson experienced less than £1 million of default losses during 2009.
ii Asian insurance operations The fluctuations for Asian operations in the half year 2010 were a gain of £41 million (half year
2009: charge of £41 million; full year 2009: gain of
£31 million) and primarily relate to unrealised gains on the shareholder debt portfolio in the period.
iii US insurance operations
The short-term fluctuations in investment returns for US insurance operations comprise the following items:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Short-term fluctuations relating to debt securities:
Charges in the periodnote a
Defaults -- -- --
Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds (100) (44) (6)
Bond write downs (64) (324) (630)
Recoveries / reversals 3 2 5
(161) (366) (631)
Less: Risk margin charge included in operating profit based on
longer-term investment returnsnote b 36 41 76
(125) (325) (555)
Interest related realised gains (losses):
Arising in the period 169 75 125
Less: Amortisation of gains and losses arising in current
and prior periods
to operating profit based on longer-term investment returns (47) (34) (59)
122 41 66
Related change to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs (2) 37 75
Total short-term fluctuation related to debt securities (5) (247) (414)
Derivatives (other than equity related): market value movement
(net of related change to
amortisation of deferred acquisition costs)note c 111 339 385
Equity type investments: actual less longer-term return (net of
related change to
amortisation of deferred acquisition costs) 1 (40) (59)
Equity-related derivatives: volatility and interest rate
normalisation (net of related change to
amortisation of deferred acquisition costs)note d (238) 91 85
Other items (net of related change to amortisation of deferred
acquisition costs) 11 22 30
Total (120) 165 27
97
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
F: Short-term fluctuations in investment returns on shareholder-backed business continued
a The charges in the period relating to debt securities of Jackson comprise the following:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Residential mortgage-backed securities:
Prime 7 123 268
Alt-A 26 98 192
Sub-prime 6 18 49
Total residential mortgage-backed securities 39 239 509
Piedmont securities 25 5 30
Corporates -- 80 91
Losses on sales of impaired and deteriorating bonds
net of recoveries 97 42 1
Total 161 366 631
Jackson experienced no bond default losses during the first half of 2010.
b The risk margin reserve (RMR) charge for longer-term credit related losses for half year 2010 is based on an average annual RMR
of 25 basis points (half year 2009: 28 basis points; full year 2009: 27 basis points) on an average book value of US$43.7 billion
(half year 2009: US$44.1 billion; full year 2009: US$43.9 billion) as shown below:
Half year Half year 2009 Full year 2009
2010
Moodys rating cat- Average Annual Average Annual Average Annual
egory (or equivalent book expected losses book expected losses book expected losses
under NAIC ratings value RMR value RMR value RMR
of RMBS) US $ m %US $ m£m US $ m %US $ m£m US $ m %US $ m£m
A3 or higher 20,142 0.06 (11) (7) 19,780 0.02 (4) (3) 19,509 0.03 (5) (3)
Baa1, 2 or 3 20,747 0.25 (51) (33) 20,955 0.22 (47) (32) 21,072 0.23 (47) (30)
Ba1, 2 or 3 2,016 1.04 (21) (14) 1,947 1.17 (23) (16) 2,035 1.13 (23) (15)
B1, 2 or 3 505 2.97 (15) (10) 609 2.86 (17) (11) 594 2.86 (17) (11)
Below B3 339 3.87 (13) (8) 769 3.93 (30) (20) 691 3.91 (27) (17)
Total 43,749 0.25 (111) (72) 44,060 0.28 (121) (82) 43,901 0.27 (119) (76)
Related change to
amortisation of
deferred
acquisition
costs 28 18 23 16 25 16
Risk margin
reserve
charge for longer-
term credit
related
losses (83) (54) (98) (66) (94) (60)
For the period ended 30 June 2010, Jackson has continued the practice commenced in the second half of 2009 in relation to RMBS to
determine the risk margin charge included in operating profit based on longer-term investment returns using the regulatory rating
as determined by a third party, PIMCO on behalf of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). See note C for
further information.
The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments are currently based on spreads over 10 year US treasury rates of
400 to 600 basis points. The longer-term rates of return for equity-type investments ranged from 7.0 per cent to 9.9 per cent at
30 June 2010, 6.7 per cent to 9.6 per cent at 30 June 2009 and 6.7 per cent to 9.9 per cent at 31 December 2009 depending on the
type of investments.
Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer-term levels of implied equity volatility and AA
corporate bond yield curves, market value movements on equity-based derivatives and embedded derivatives are also recorded within
operating profits based on longer-term investment returns so as to be consistent with the market related effects on fees and
reserve movements for equity-based products. Market value movements on other derivatives are excluded from operating profit, and
are included in short-term fluctuations in investment returns.
Consistent with the basis of measurement of insurance assets and liabilities for US GAAP investment contracts to Jacksons
IFRS results, the charges and credits to operating profits based on longer-term investment returns are partially offset by related
changes to amortisation of deferred acquisition costs.
c The gain of £111 million (half year 2009: gain of £339 million; full year 2009: gain of £385 million) is for value movement of
freestanding derivatives held to manage the fixed annuity and other general account business. Under IAS 39, unless hedge accounting
is applied value movements on derivatives are recognised in the income statement.
Except for the effect of the difference between current period and longer-term levels of implied equity volatility and AA
corporate bond yield curves, derivative value movements in respect of variable annuity business are included within the operating
profit based on longer-term investment returns to broadly match with the commercial effects to which the variable annuity
derivative programme relates, (subject to some limitations to GMDB and certain GMWB liabilities where US GAAP does not fully
reflect the economic features being hedged). Other derivative value movements are separately identified within short-term
fluctuations in investment returns.
For the derivatives programme attaching to the fixed annuity and other general account business the Group has continued in its
approach of not seeking to apply hedge accounting under IAS 39. This decision reflects the inherent constraints of IAS 39 for
hedge accounting investments and life assurance assets and liabilities under grandfathered US GAAP under IFRS 4.
98 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
d The £238 million loss (half year 2009: gain of £91 million; full year 2009: gain of £85 million) for equity-related derivatives is
for the normalisation of value movements for freestanding and embedded derivatives. This normalisation reflects the inclusions of
longer-term implied equity volatility levels and also, for embedded derivatives 10 year average AA corporate bond yield curves in the
value movement included in operating profits. The effect of the difference between actual levels of implied equity volatility and end
of period AA corporate bond yield curves is reflected in short-term fluctuations in investment return.
In addition, for US insurance operations, included within the statement of comprehensive income is an increase in net unrealised
gains on debt securities classified as available-for-sale of £1,144 million (half year 2009: reduction in net unrealised losses of
£808 million; full year 2009: reduction in net unrealised losses of £2,669 million). These temporary market value movements do not
reflect defaults or impairments.
Additional details on the movement in the value of the Jackson portfolio are included in note W.
iv UK insurance operations
The half year 2010 short-term fluctuations gain for UK insurance operations of £93 million reflects asset value movements
principally on the shareholder-backed annuity business (half year 2009: loss of £63 million; full year 2009 gain: of £108 million). v
IGD hedge costs
During the severe equity market conditions experienced in the first quarter of 2009 coupled with historically high equity
volatility, the Group entered into exceptional short-dated hedging contracts to protect against potential tail-events on the IGD
capital position, in addition to the regular operational hedging programmes. The hedge contracts expired in 2009 and have not been
renewed. vi Other operations Short-term fluctuations of other operations, in addition to the previously discussed IGD hedge costs,
arise from:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Unrealised value movements on swaps held centrally to manage - 69 28
Group assets and liabilities
Unrealised value movements on Prudential Capital bond portfolio 12 2 66
Unrealised value movements on investments held by other operations - 4 11
Total 12 75 105
G: Costs of terminated AIA transaction
The following costs were incurred in relation to the proposed, and now terminated transaction, to purchase AIA Group Limited and
related rights issue.
2010 £m
Half year
Termination break fee 153
Underwriting fees 58
Costs associated with foreign exchange 100
hedging
Adviser fees and other 66
Total costs before tax 377
Associated tax relief (93)
Total costs after tax 284
Of the £377 million total costs before tax, the £100 million associated with foreign exchange hedging has been recorded within
'Investment return' and the other £277 million has been recorded
as 'Other expenditure' within 'Acquisition costs and other
expenditure' in the condensed consolidated income statement.
H: Acquisition costs and other expenditure
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Net acquisition costs incurred less 423 397 728
deferred
Amortisation of acquisition costs 378 441 305
Other expenditure 1,839 1,444 2,924
Movements in amounts attributable to 14 164 615
external unit holders
Total acquisition costs and other 2,654 2,446 4,572
expenditure
99
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
I: Allocation of investment return between policyholders and shareholders
Investment return is attributable to policyholders and shareholders. A key feature of the accounting policies under IFRS is that the
investment return included in the income statement relates to all investment assets of the Group, irrespective of whether the return
is attributable to shareholders, to policyholders or to the unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, the latter two of which have
no net impact on shareholders, profit. The table below provides a breakdown of the investment return for each regional operation
attributable to each type of business.
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Asian operations
Policyholders returns
Assets backing unit-linked liabilities (4) 1,108 2,539
With-profits business 34 507 1,519
30 1,615 4,058
Shareholder returns 209 188 373
Total 239 1,803 4,431
US operations
Policyholders returns
Assets held to back (separate account) unit-linked liabilities (981) 772 3,760
Shareholder returns
Realised gains and losses (including impairment losses on available-for-sale bonds) 14 (300) (529)
Value movements on derivative hedging programme for general account business 149 372 340
Interest/dividend income and value movements on other financial instruments for
which fair value movements are booked in the income statement 787 1,073 1,567
950 1,145 1,378
Total (31) 1,917 5,138
UK operations
Policyholders returns
Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF) 304 (29) 1,438
Assets held to back unit-linked liabilities 423 122 2,947
With-profits fund (excluding SAIF) 2,576 (471) 10,461
3,303 (378) 14,846
Shareholder returns
Prudential Retirement Income Limited (PRIL) 1,150 330 1,827
Other business 463 78 1,113
1,613 408 2,940
Total 4,916 30 17,786
Unallocated corporate
Shareholder returns (97) (125) (466)
Group Total
Policyholder returns 2,352 2,009 22,664
Shareholder returns 2,675 1,616 4,225
Total 5,027 3,625 26,889
The returns as shown in the table above are delineated between those returns allocated to policyholders and those allocated to
shareholders. In making this distinction, returns allocated to policyholders are those from investments in which shareholders have no
direct economic interest, namely:
* Unit-linked business in the UK, Asia and SAIF in the UK, for which the investment return is wholly attributable to policyholders;
* Separate account business of US operations, the investment return of which is also wholly attributable to policyholders; and
* With-profits business (excluding SAIF) in the UK and Asia (in
which the shareholders' economic interest, and the basis of
recognising IFRS basis profits, is restricted to a share of the actuarially determined surplus for distribution (in the UK ten per
cent)). Except for this surplus the investment return of the with-profit funds is attributable to policyholders (through the
asset-share liabilities) or the unallocated surplus, which is accounted for as a liability under IFRS 4.
100 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The investment return related to the types of business above does
not impact shareholders' profits directly. However, there is an
indirect impact, for example, investment-related fees or the
effect of investment return on the shareholders' share of the cost of
bonuses of with-profits funds.
Investment returns for unit-linked and similar products have reciprocal impact on benefits and claims, with a decrease in market
returns on the attached pool of assets affecting policyholder benefits on these products. Similarly for with-profits funds there is a
close correlation between increases or decreases in investment returns and the level of combined charge for policyholder benefits and
movement on unallocated surplus that arises from such returns.
Shareholder returns
For shareholder-backed non-participating business of the UK (comprising PRIL and other non-linked non-participating business) and of
the Asian operations, the investment return is not directly
attributable to policyholders and therefore does impact shareholders'
profit directly. However, it should be noted that for UK shareholder-backed annuity business, principally PRIL, where the durations
of asset and liability cash flows are closely matched, the discount rate applied to measure liabilities to policyholders (under
'grandfathered' UK GAAP and under IFRS 4) reflects movements in asset yields (after allowances for the future defaults) of the backing
portfolios. Therefore, the net impact on the shareholders' profits of the investment return of the assets backing liabilities of the
UK shareholder-backed annuity business is after taking into account the consequential effect on the movement in policyholder
liabilities.
Changes in shareholder investment returns for US operations reflect primarily movements in the investment income, movements in the
value of the derivative instruments held to manage the general account assets and liability portfolio, and realised gains and losses.
However, separately, reflecting Jackson's types of business, an allocation is made to policyholders through the application of
crediting rates. The shareholder investment return for US operations also includes the fair value movement of the derivatives and the
movement on the related liabilities of the variable annuity
guarantees under Jackson's dynamic hedging programme.
The majority of the investments held to back the US non-participating business are debt securities for which the
available-for-sale designation is applied for IFRS basis reporting. Under this designation the return included in the income
statement reflects the aggregate of investment income and realised gains and losses (including impairment losses). However, movements
in unrealised appreciation or depreciation are recognised in other comprehensive income. The return on these assets is attributable
to shareholders.
J: Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, net of reinsurance
Benefits and claims represent payments, including final bonuses, to policyholders in respect of maturities, surrenders and deaths
plus the change in technical provisions (which primarily represents the movement in amounts owed to policyholders). Benefits and
claims are amounts attributable to policyholders. The movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds represents the transfer
to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a charge (credit) to the income statement of the annual excess (shortfall) of
income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost of bonuses to policyholders and
shareholders.
Benefits and claims and movements in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds net of reinsurance can be further analysed as follows:
Half year 2010 £m
Asia US UK Total
Claims incurred (1,202) (2,296) (5,000) (8,498)
Increase in policyholder liabilities (876) (2,556) (1,860) (5,292)
Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (92) - 232 140
(2,170) (4,852) (6,628) (13,650)
Half year 2009 £m
Asia US UK Total
Claims incurred (847) (2,207) (4,964) (8,018)
Movement in policyholder liabilities (2,174) (2,778) 869 (4,083)
Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds (568) - 1,886 1,318
(3,589) (4,985) (2,209) (10,783)
Full year 2009 £m
Asia US UK Total
Claims incurred (1,814) (4,092) (9,875) (15,781)
Increase in policyholder liabilities (6,230) (9,193) (8,432) (23,855)
Movement in unallocated surplus of with-profits funds 334 - (1,893) (1,559)
(7,710) (13,285) (20,200) (41,195)
101
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
K: Sale of the Taiwan agency business in 2009
In half year 2009, the Company sold the assets and liabilities of its agency distribution business and its agency force in Taiwan to
China Life Insurance Company Ltd of Taiwan for the nominal sum of NT$1. In addition, the Company invested £45 million to purchase a
9.99 per cent stake in China Life through a share placement. The sale was completed on 19 June 2009.
The Company retained its interest in life insurance business in Taiwan through its retained bank distribution partnerships and its
direct investment of 9.99 per cent in China Life.
The effects on the IFRS income statement was a pre-tax loss of £621 million comprising a loss on sale of £559 million and trading
losses before tax up to the date of sale of £62 million. After allowing for tax and other adjustments, the reduction to shareholders
equity was £607 million.
The loss on sale of £559 million included cumulative foreign exchange gains of £9 million recycled through the profit and loss
account as required by IAS 21.
L: Tax
i Tax (charge) credit
The total tax charge comprises:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Tax (charge) credit Half year Half year Full year
UK tax 6 69 (895)
Overseas tax (166) (172) 22
Total tax charge (160) (103) (873)
An analysis of the total tax expense attributable to continuing operations recognised in the income statement by nature of expense is
as follows:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Current tax (157) (32) (529)
Deferred tax (3) (71) (344)
Total tax charge (160) (103) (873)
The current tax charge of £157 million includes £5 million for half year 2010 (half year 2009: charge of £2 million; full year 2009:
charge of £6 million) in respect of tax to be paid in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong current tax charge is calculated as 16.5 per cent for
all periods on either (i) five per cent of the net insurance premium or (ii) the estimated assessable profits, depending on the
nature of the business written.
The total tax charge comprises tax attributable to policyholders and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds, unit-linked
policies and shareholders. The tax charge attributable to shareholders of £149 million for half year 2010 (half year 2009: charge of
£182 million; full year 2009: charge of £55 million) comprises:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Tax (charge) credit attributable to shareholders Half year Half year Full year
UK tax 10 (53) (176)
Overseas tax (159) (129) 121
Total tax charge (149) (182) (55)
ii Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The statement of financial position contains the following deferred tax assets and liabilities:
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Deferred Deferred Deferred Deferred Deferred Deferred
tax tax tax tax tax tax
assets liabilities assetsliabilities assets liabilities
Unrealised gains and losses on investments 982 (2,041) 875 (609) 1,156 (1,744)
Balance relating to investment and
insurance contracts 16 (848) 12 (861) 20 (961)
Short-term timing differences 1,414 (1,216) 1,131 (1,173) 1,228 (1,159)
Capital allowances 17 (10) 36 (8) 18 (8)
Unused tax losses 262 - 95 - 286 -
Total 2,691 (4,115) 2,149 (2,651) 2,708 (3,872)
102 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that they are regarded as recoverable, that is to the extent that, on the basis of
all available evidence, it can be regarded as more likely than not that there will be suitable taxable profits from which the future
reversal of the underlying temporary differences can be deducted. The increase in deferred tax liabilities is primarily due to an
increase in the value of unrealised gains in the available-for-sale securities in Jackson.
The UK taxation regime applies separate rules to trading and capital profits and losses. The distinction between temporary
differences that arise from items of either a trading or capital nature may affect the recognition of deferred tax assets.
Accordingly, for the 2010 Half Year results and financial position at 30 June 2010, the possible tax benefit of approximately £267
million (30 June 2009: £234 million; 31 December 2009: £257 million), which may arise from capital losses valued at approximately
£1.2 billion (30 June 2009: £1.1 billion; 31 December 2009: £1.2 billion), is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognised.
In addition, a potential deferred tax asset of £361 million (30 June 2009: £816 million; 31 December 2009: £607 million), which may
arise from tax losses and other potential temporary differences totalling £1.4 billion (30 June 2009: £2.8 billion; 31 December 2009:
£2.1 billion) is sufficiently uncertain that it has not been recognised. Forecasts as to when the tax losses and other temporary
differences are likely to be utilised indicate that they may not be utilised in the short term.
Under IAS 12, 'Income Taxes', deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is
realised or the liability settled, based on the tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or are substantively enacted at the end
of the reporting periods. Accordingly, the deferred tax amounts for
half year 2010 do not reflect the UK government's proposal
announced in June 2010 to reduce the main UK corporation tax rate by one per cent a year for each of the next four years as the
change has yet to be enacted.
The UK government's tax rate change to 27 per cent and subsequent proposed phased rate changes to 24 per cent are expected to have
an effect of reducing the UK with-profits and shareholder-backed business elements of the net deferred tax balances as at 30 June
2010 by £10 million (change to 27 per cent) and £41 million (change to 24 per cent).
103
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
L: Tax continued
iii Reconciliation of tax charge on profit (loss) attributable to shareholders for continuing operations
Half year 2010 £m
Asian US UK
insurance insurance insurance Other
operations operations operations operations Total
Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders:
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returnsnote iii 259 450 330 (71) 968
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 41 (120) 93 12 26
Shareholders'share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - (8) (16) (24)
Costs of terminated AIA transaction - - - (377) (377)
Total 300 330 415 (452) 593
Expected tax rate:note i
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returnsnote iii 26% 35% 28% 28% 31%
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 26% 35% 28% 28% 8%
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 28% 28% 25%
Costs of terminated AIA transaction - - - 28% 28%
Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returnsnote iii (67) (158) (92) 20 (297)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (11) 42 (26) (3) 2
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 2 4 6
Costs of terminated AIA transaction - - - 106 106
Total (78) (116) (116) 127 (183)
Variance from expected tax charge:note ii
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returnsnote iii 28 27 (3) - 52
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 5 (5) (1) (4) (5)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - - - -
Costs of terminated AIA transaction - - - (13) (13)
Total 33 22 (4) (17) 34
Actual tax (charge) credit:
Operating profit based on longer-term
investment returnsnote iii (39) (131) (95) 20 (245)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (6) 37 (27) (7) (3)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 2 4 6
Costs of terminated AIA transaction - - - 93 93
Total (45) (94) (120) 110 (149)
Actual tax rate:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 15% 29% 29% 28% 25%
Total 15% 29% 29% 24% 25%
104 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Half year 2009 £m
Asian US UK
insurance insurance insurance Other
operations operations operations operations Total
(Loss) profit before tax attributable to shareholders:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns,
net of attributable restructuring costs and
development expensesnote iii 207 217 330 (66) 688
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (41) 165 (63) (141) (80)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - (63) (63)
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business (621) - (621)
Total (455) 382 267 (270) (76)
Expected tax rate:note i
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii 24% 35% 28% 28% 29%
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 25% 35% 28% 39% 31%
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - 28% 28%
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 25% - 25%
Expected tax credit (charge) based on expected tax rates:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii (50) (76) (92) 18 (200)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 10 (58) 18 55 25
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - 18 18
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 155 - 155
Total 115 (134) (74) 91 (2)
Variance from expected tax charge:note ii
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii 16 19 (11) (5) 19
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (4) (61) 3 1 (61)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes (1) (1)
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business (137) (137)
Total (125) (42) (8) (5) (180)
Actual tax credit (charge):
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii (34) (57) (103) 13 (181)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 6 (119) 21 56 (36)
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes 17 17
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 18 18
Total (10) (176) (82) 86 (182)
Actual tax rate:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 16% 26% 31% 20% 26%
Total (2)% 46% 31% 32% (239)%
105
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
L: Tax continued
Full year
2009 £m
Asian US UK
insurance insurance insurance Other
operationsoperations operations operations Total
Profit (loss) before tax attributable to shareholders:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii 410 459 657 (121) 1,405
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 31 27 108 (130) 36
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - (46) (28) (74)
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business (621) - - - (621)
Total (180) 486 719 (279) 746
Expected tax rate:note i
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii 24% 35% 28% 28% 29%
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 25% 35% 28% 36% 0%
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 28% 28% 28%
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 25% - - - 25%
Expected tax (charge) credit based on expected tax rates:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii (98) (161) (184) 34 (409)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns (8) (9) (30) 47 -
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 13 8 21
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 155 - - - 155
Total 49 (170) (201) 89 (233)
Variance from expected tax charge:note ii
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii 35 77 (29) 8 91
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 15 195 - 14 224
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - - - -
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business (137) - - (137)
Total (87) 272 (29) 22 178
Actual tax (charge) credit:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returnsnote iii (63) (84) (213) 42 (318)
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns 7 186 (30) 61 224
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes - - 13 8 21
Loss on sale and results for Taiwan agency business 18 - - - 18
Total (38) 102 (230) 111 (55)
Actual tax rate:
Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns 15% 18% 32% 35% 23%
Total (21)% (21)% 32% 40% 7%
Notes i Expected tax rates for profit (loss) attributable to shareholders:
* The expected tax rates shown in the table above reflect the corporation tax rates generally applied to taxable profits of the
relevant country jurisdictions.
* For Asian operations the expected tax rates reflect the corporation tax rates weighted by reference to the source of profits of
operations contributing to the aggregate business result.
* The expected tax rate for Other operations reflects the mix of business between UK and overseas operations, which are taxed
at a variety of rates. The rates will fluctuate from year to year dependent on the mix of profits. ii For half year 2010, the
principal variances arise from a number of factors, including: a Asian long-term operations For half year 2010 and full year 2009,
profits in certain countries which are not taxable partly offset by the inability to fully recognise deferred tax assets on losses
being carried forward. For half year 2009, adjustments in respect of prior year tax charges and profits in certain countries which
are not taxable.
106 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
b Jackson
For half year 2010, the benefit of a deduction from taxable income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the
variable annuity business. For half year 2009, the inability to fully recognise deferred tax assets on losses being carried forward
partially offset by the benefit of a deduction from taxable income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the variable
annuity business. For full year 2009, the ability to fully recognise deferred tax assets on losses brought forward which we were
previously unable to recognise together with income subject to a lower level of taxation and the benefit of a deduction from taxable
income of a proportion of dividends received attributable to the variable annuity business. c UK insurance operations For half year
2010, different tax bases of UK life business. For half year 2009 and full year 2009, adjustments in respect of prior year tax charge
and different tax bases of UK life business. d Other operations For half year 2010, the inability to fully recognise a tax credit in
respect of non-deductible capital costs incurred in relation to the terminated AIA transaction. For half year 2009, the inability to
recognise a deferred tax asset on various tax losses. For full year 2009, the ability to recognise a deferred tax asset on various
tax losses which we were previously unable to recognise offset by adjustments in respect of the prior year tax charge. e For half
year 2009 and full year 2009, the actual tax rate in relation to Asia excluding the result for the sold Taiwan agency business would
have been six per cent and 13 per cent respectively. iii Operating profit based on longer-term investment returns is net of
attributable restructuring costs and development expenses.
M: Supplementary analysis of earnings per share
Half year 2010
Net of tax
Non- and non- Basic Diluted
Before tax Tax controlling controlling earnings earnings
note C note L interests interests per share per share
£m £m £m £m Pence Pence
Based on operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 968 (245) (2) 721 28.6p 28.6p
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
on shareholder-backed business 26 (3) - 23 0.9p 0.9p
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other
gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes (24) 6 - (18) (0.7)p (0.7)p
Costs of terminated AIA transaction (377) 93 - (284) (11.3)p (11.3)p
Based on profit for the period from
continuing operations 593 (149) (2) 442 17.5p 17.5p
Half year 2009
Net of tax
Non- and non- Basic Diluted
Before tax Tax controlling controlling earnings earnings
note C note L interests interests per share per share
£m £m £m £m Pence Pence
Based on operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 688 (181) 4 511 20.5p 20.5p
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
on shareholder-backed business (80) (36) - (116) (4.7)p (4.7)p
Shareholders' share of actuarial and other
gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes (63) 17 - (46) (1.8)p (1.8)p
Adjustment from loss on sale and result of
Taiwan agency business (621) 18 - (603) (24.2)p (24.2)p
Based on loss for the period from
continuing operations (76) (182) 4 (254) (10.2)p (10.2)p
107
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
M: Supplementary analysis of earnings per share continued
Full year 2009
Net of tax
Non- and non- Basic Diluted
Before tax Tax controlling controlling earnings earnings
note C note L interests interests per share per share
£m £m £m £m Pence Pence
Based on operating profit based on longer-term
investment returns 1,405 (318) (2) 1,085 43.4p 43.3p
Short-term fluctuations in investment returns
on shareholder-backed business 36 224 1 261 10.4p 10.4p
Shareholders share of actuarial and other
gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes (74) 21 (53) (2.1)p (2.1)p
Adjustment from loss on sale and result of
Taiwan agency business (621) 18 (603) (24.1)p (24.0)p
Based on profit for the year from
continuing operations 746 (55) (1) 690 27.6p 27.6p
Adjustment for post-tax results of
discontinued operations* (14) (14) (0.6)p (0.6)p
Based on profit for the year 732 (55) (1) 676 27.0p 27.0p
*The full year 2009 charge which was net of £nil tax, reflected completion adjustments for a previously disposed business.
The weighted average number of shares for calculating basic earnings per share for the half year 2010 was 2,520 million (half year
2009: 2,489 million; full year 2009: 2,501 million). The weighted average number of shares for calculating diluted earnings per share
for the half year 2010 was 2,524 million (half year 2009: 2,489 million; full year 2009: 2,506 million). In addition, at 30 June
2009, there were 13 million shares under option offset by 12 million shares that would have been issued at fair value on assumed
option exercise. The net one million potentially dilutive ordinary shares have been excluded from the half year 2009 diluted earnings
per share calculation as their inclusion would have decreased the loss per share.
N: Dividends
2010 2009
Dividends per share (in pence) Half year Half year Full year
Dividends relating to reporting period:
Interim dividend (2010 and 2009) 6.61p 6.29p 6.29p
Second interim dividend (2009) 13.56p
Total 6.61p 6.29p 19.85p
Dividends declared and paid in reporting period:
Current year interim dividend 6.29p
Second interim/final dividend for prior year 13.56p 12.91p 12.91p
Total 13.56p 12.91p 19.20p
Dividends are recorded in the period in which they are declared. The first interim dividend for the year ended 31 December 2009 of
6.29 pence per ordinary share was paid to eligible shareholders on 24 September 2009 and the second interim dividend of 13.56 pence
per ordinary share for the same period was paid to eligible shareholders on 27 May 2010.
The 2010 interim dividend of 6.61 pence per ordinary share will be paid on 23 September 2010 in sterling to shareholders on the
principal and Irish branch registers at 6.00 p.m. BST on Friday, 20 August 2010 (the Record Date), on 24 September 2010 in Hong Kong
dollars to shareholders on the Hong Kong branch register at 4.30 p.m. Hong Kong time on the Record Date (HK Shareholders), and on or
about 30 September 2010 in Singapore dollars to shareholders with shares standing to the credit of their securities accounts with The
Central Depository (Pte.) Limited (CDP) at 5.00 p.m. Singapore time on the Record Date (SG Shareholders). The dividend payable to the
HK Shareholders will be HK$0.8038 per ordinary share which equates to the sterling value translated at the exchange rate ruling at
the close of business on 11 August 2010. The exchange rate at which the dividend payable to the SG Shareholders will be translated
into SG$ will be determined by CDP.
It is intended that shareholders will be able to elect to receive ordinary shares credited as fully paid instead of the interim
cash dividend under the terms of the Company scrip dividend
scheme. The dividend will distribute an estimated £168 million of
shareholders funds.
108 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMTNS
O: Group statement of financial position analysis
i Group statement of financial position
To explain more comprehensively the assets and liabilities of the Group's businesses, it is appropriate to provide analyses of the
Group's statement of financial position by segment and type of business.
The analysis is shown below for the Group statement of financial position by operating segment at 30 June 2010.
2010 £m 2009 £m
Unallo-
Asset cated
Total manage- to a
insur- ment segment Intra-
ance opera-(central group 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Insurance operations opera- tions opera- elimina- Group Group Group
UK US Asia tionsnote P iv tions) tions total total total
Assets
Intangible assets attributable
to shareholders:
GoodwillR 235 235 1,230 1,465 1,310 1,310
Deferred acquisition costs and
other intangible assetsS 128 2,950 942 4,020 8 4,028 4,045 4,049
Total 128 2,950 1,177 4,255 1,238 5,493 5,355 5,359
Intangible assets attributable to
with-profits funds:
In respect of acquired subsidiaries
for venture fund and other
investment purposes 124 124 124 159 124
Deferred acquisition costs and other
intangible assets 8 102 110 110 111 106
Total 132 102 234 234 270 230
Total 260 2,950 1,279 4,489 1,238 5,727 5,625 5,589
Deferred tax assetsL 253 1,828 96 2,177 133 381 2,691 2,149 2,708
Other non-investment and
non-cash assets 4,690 1,409 992 7,091 884 4,178 (5,801) 6,352 5,608 5,425
Investments of long-term business
and other operations:
Investment properties 11,322 27 11 11,360 11,360 10,479 10,905
Investments accounted for
using the equity method 4 5 9 9 6 6
Financial investments:
LoansU 2,214 4,537 1,383 8,134 1,453 9,587 8,613 8,754
Equity securities and portfolio
holdings in unit trusts 34,668 24,629 12,323 71,620 155 71,775 56,069 69,354
Debt securitiesV 72,072 27,371 12,425 111,868 1,466 113,334 89,399 101,751
Other investments 4,323 1,684 427 6,434 195 139 6,768 6,085 5,132
Deposits 8,401 359 952 9,712 54 9,766 8,806 12,820
Total Investments 133,004 58,607 27,526 219,137 3,323 139 222,599 179,457 208,722
Properties held-for sale 3 3 3 5 3
Cash and cash equivalents 3,128 153 1,010 4,291 1,076 673 6,040 6,542 5,307
Total assets 141,335 64,950 30,903 237,188 6,654 5,371 (5,801)243,412 199,386 227,754
109
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
O: Group statement of financial position analysis continued
2010£m 2009£m
Unallo-
Asset cated
Totalmanage- to a
insur-ment segment Intra-
anceopera- (central group 30 Jun 30 Jun31 Dec
Insurance operations opera-tions opera- elimina-Group GroupGroup
UK US Asia tionsnote P tions) tions total totaltotal
iv
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equity 1,937 3,905 1,992 7,834 1,711 (2,384) 7,161 4,720 6,271
Non-controlling interests 32 2 34 3 37 29 32
Total equity 1,969 3,905 1,994 7,868 1,714 (2,384) 7,198 4,749 6,303
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities and
unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds:
Contract liabilities (including
amounts in respect of
contracts classified as
investment contracts
under IFRS 4) 118,180 55,253 25,480 198,913 198,913 165,047 186,398
Unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds
(reflecting application
of realistic' basis
provisions for UK regulated
with-profits funds) 10,014 52 10,066 10,066 7,061 10,019
Total policyholder liabilities and
unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds 128,194 55,253 25,532 208,979 208,979 172,108 196,417
Core structural borrowings
of shareholder financed
operations:
Subordinated debt 2,767 2,767 2,198 2,691
Other 166 166 549 715 701 703
TotalX 166 166 3,316 3,482 2,899 3,394
Operational borrowings
attributable to shareholder
financed operationsY 159 171 195 525 143 2,566 3,234 2,855 2,751
Borrowings attributable to
with-profits operationsY 1,313 1,313 1,313 1,349 1,284
Deferred tax liabilitiesL 1,283 2,254 425 3,962 5 148 4,115 2,651 3,872
Other non-insurance liabilities 8,417 3,201 2,757 14,375 4,792 1,725(5,801) 15,091 12,775 13,733
Total liabilities 139,366 61,045 28,909 229,320 4,940 7,755(5,801) 236,214 194,637 221,451
Total equity and liabilities 141,335 64,950 30,903 237,188 6,654 5,371(5,801) 243,412 199,386 227,754
110 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ii Group statement of financial position additional analysis by type of business
2010 £m 2009£m
Unallo-
Shareholder-backedcated
business
Unit- Assetto a
linked manage-segment Intra-
Partici- and Non- ment(centralgroup 30 Jun 30 Jun31 Dec
pating variablelinked opera-opera- elimina- Group GroupGroup
funds annuity business tionstions) tions total totaltotal
Assets
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
GoodwillR 235 1,230 1,465 1,310 1,310
Deferred acquisition costs and other
intangible assetsS 4,020 8 4,028 4,045 4,049
Total 4,255 1,238 5,493 5,355 5,359
Intangible assets attributable to
with-profits funds:
In respect of acquired subsidiaries
for venture fund and other
investment purposes 124 124 159 124
Deferred acquisition costs and
other intangible assets 110 110 111 106
Total 234 234 270 230
Total 234 4,255 1,238 5,727 5,625 5,589
Deferred tax assetsL 113 2,064 133 381 2,691 2,149 2,708
Other non-investment and non-cash assets 2,448 807 3,836 884 4,178 (5,801) 6,352 5,608 5,425
Investments of long-term business and
other operations:
Investment properties 9,169 717 1,474 11,360 10,479 10,905
Investments accounted for using
the equity method 9 9 6 6
Financial investments:
LoansU 2,072 6,062 1,453 9,587 8,613 8,754
Equity securities and portfolio
holdings in unit trusts 27,119 43,875 626 155 71,775 56,069 69,354
Debt securitiesV 51,888 8,325 51,655 1,466 113,334 89,399 101,751
Other investments 4,153 90 2,191 195 139 6,768 6,085 5,132
Deposits 6,703 807 2,202 54 9,766 8,806 12,820
Total Investments 101,104 53,814 64,219 3,323 139 222,599 179,457 208,722
Properties held-for-sale 3 3 5 3
Cash and cash equivalents 2,140 1,292 859 1,076 673 6,040 6,542 5,307
Total assets 106,039 55,913 75,236 6,654 5,371 (5,801)243,412 199,386 227,754
111
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
O: Group statement of financial position analysis continued
2010 £m 2009£m
Unallo-
Shareholder-backedcated
business
Unit- Assetto a
linked manage-segment Intra-
Partici- and Non- ment(central group 30 Jun 30 Jun31 Dec
pating variable linked opera-opera- elimina-Group GroupGroup
funds annuity business tionstions) tions total totaltotal
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equity 7,834 1,711 (2,384) 7,161 4,720 6,271
Non-controlling interests 32 2 3 37 29 32
Total equity 32 7,836 1,714 (2,384) 7,198 4,749 6,303
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated
surplus
of with-profits funds:
Contract liabilities (including amounts in
respect of contracts classified as
investment contracts under IFRS 4) 87,740 54,602 56,571 198,913 165,047 186,398
Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
(reflecting application of 'realistic'
basis provisions for UK regulated
with-profits funds) 10,066 10,066 7,061 10,019
Total policyholder liabilities and unallocated
surplus of with-profits funds 97,806 54,602 56,571 208,979 172,108 196,417
Core structural borrowings of
shareholder-financed operations:
Subordinated debt 2,767 2,767 2,198 2,691
Other 166 549 715 701 703
TotalX 166 3,316 3,482 2,899 3,394
Operational borrowings attributable to
shareholder financed operationsY 525 143 2,566 3,234 2,855 2,751
Borrowings attributable to
with-profits operationsY 1,313 1,313 1,349 1,284
Deferred tax liabilitiesL 1,226 12 2,724 5 148 4,115 2,651 3,872
Other non-insurance liabilities 5,662 1,299 7,414 4,792 1,725(5,801) 15,091 12,775 13,733
Total liabilities 106,007 55,913 67,400 4,940 7,755(5,801) 236,214 194,637 221,451
Total equity and liabilities 106,039 55,913 75,236 6,654 5,371(5,801) 243,412 199,386 227,754
112 Prudential Plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
P: Statement of financial position
i UK insurance operations
Overview
In order to reflect the different types of UK business and fund structure, the statement of financial position of the UK insurance
operations analyses assets and liabilities between those of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund (SAIF), the PAC with-profits
sub-fund (WPSF), unit-linked assets and liabilities and annuity and other long-term business (see table below).
£90 billion of the £133 billion of investments are held by SAIF and the PAC WPSF. Shareholders are exposed only indirectly to value
movements on these assets.
PAC with-profits
sub-fund (WPSF) Other funds and
note i subsidiaries
Scottish Unit-
Amicable ExcludingPrudential linked Annuity 2010 2009
InsurancePrudentialAnnuities assets and
other
Fund AnnuitiesLimited Total and long-term 30 Jun 30 Jun31 Dec
note ii Limited note iii note iv liabilitiesbusinessTotal Total TotalTotal
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m£m
Assets
Intangible assets attributable to
shareholders:
Deferred acquisition costs
and other intangible assetsS 128 128 128 132 127
128 128 128 132 127
Intangible assets attributable
to PAC with-profits fund:
In respect of acquired subsidiaries
for venture fund and
other investment purposes 124 124 124 159 124
Deferred acquisition costs 1 7 7 8 13 9
1 131 131 132 172 133
Total 1 131 131 128 128 260 304 260
Deferred tax assets 2 104 7 111 140 140 253 385 292
Other non-investment and
non-cash assets 495 1,280 300 1,580 627 1,988 2,615 4,690 4,081 3,074
Investments of long-term business
and other operations:
Investment properties 740 7,739 690 8,429 717 1,436 2,153 11,322 10,455 10,861
Investments accounted for
using the equity method 4 4 4 4
Financial investments
LoansU 136 912 141 1,053 1,025 1,025 2,214 1,689 1,815
Equity securities
and portfolio
holdings in unit trusts 2,637 20,231 226 20,457 11,538 36 11,574 34,668 32,853 37,051
Debt securitiesV 4,930 28,061 12,907 40,968 5,628 20,546 26,174 72,072 59,231 67,772
Other investmentsnote v 354 3,489 180 3,669 67 233 300 4,323 4,216 3,630
Deposits 704 5,415 557 5,972 523 1,202 1,725 8,401 7,668 11,557
Total investments 9,501 65,847 14,701 80,548 18,473 24,482 42,955 133,004 116,112 132,690
Properties held-for-sale 5
Cash and cash equivalents 204 1,533 53 1,586 1,060 278 1,338 3,128 2,873 2,265
Total assets 10,203 68,895 15,061 83,956 20,160 27,016 47,176 141,335 123,760 138,581
113
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
P: Statement of financial position continued
PAC with-profits
sub-fund (WPSF) Other funds and
note i subsidiaries
Scottish Unit-
Amicable ExcludingPrudential linked Annuity 2010 2009
Insurance PrudentialAnnuities assets and
other
Fund AnnuitiesLimited Total and long-term 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
note ii Limited note iii note iv liabilitiesbusinessTotal Total Total Total
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equity -- -- -- -- -- 1,937 1,937 1,937 1,749 1,939
Non-controlling interests -- 32 -- 32 -- -- -- 32 26 28
Total equity -- 32 -- 32 -- 1,937 1,937 1,969 1,775 1,967
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities and
unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds:
Contract liabilities
(including amounts in
respect of contracts
classified as investment
contracts under IFRS 4) 9,626 55,571 12,433 68,004 19,456 21,094 40,550 118,180 105,369 116,229
Unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds
(reflecting application
of 'realistic' provisions
for UK regulated
with-profits funds)note vi -- 8,306 1,708 10,014 -- -- -- 10,014 7,015 9,966
Total 9,626 63,877 14,141 78,018 19,456 21,094 40,550 128,194 112,384 126,195
Operational borrowings attributable
to shareholder-financed
operations -- -- -- -- -- 159 159 159 28 158
Borrowings attributable to
with-profits fundsy 118 1,195 -- 1,195 -- -- -- 1,313 1,349 1,284
Deferred tax liabilities 56 663 210 873 -- 354 354 1,283 1,198 1,606
Other non-insurance liabilities 403 3,128 710 3,838 704 3,472 4,176 8,417 7,026 7,371
Total liabilities 10,203 68,863 15,061 83,924 20,160 25,079 45,239 139,366 121,985 136,614
Total equity and liabilities 10,203 68,895 15,061 83,956 20,160 27,016 47,176 141,335 123,760 138,581
Notes i For the purposes of this table and subsequent explanation, references to the WPSF also include, for convenience, the amounts
attaching to the Defined Charges Participating Sub-fund which comprises 3.5 per cent of the total assets of the WPSF and includes the
with-profits annuity business transferred to Prudential from the Equitable Life Assurance Society on 1 December 2007 (with assets of
approximately £1.7 billion). Profits to shareholders on this with-profits annuity business emerge on a 'charges less expenses' basis
and policyholders are entitled to 100 per cent of the investment earnings. ii SAIF is a separate sub-fund within the PAC long-term
business fund. iii Wholly-owned subsidiary of the PAC WPSF that writes annuity business. iv Excluding policyholder liabilities of the
Hong Kong branch of PAC. v Other investments comprise:
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
Derivative assets* 1,370 1,819 910
Partnerships in
investment pools and other+ 2,953 2,397 2,720
4,323 4,216 3,630
*In the UK, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce equity and credit risk, interest rate and currency exposures, and to facilitate
efficient portfolio management. After derivative liabilities of £868 million (30 June 2009: £583 million; 31 December 2009: £709
million), which are also included in the statement of financial position, the overall derivative position was a net asset of £502
million (30 June 2009: £1,236 million; 31 December 2009: £201 million).
+ Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise mainly investments held by the PAC with-profits fund. These investments are
primarily venture fund investments and investment in property funds and limited partnerships.
114 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
vi Unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
Prudential's long-term business written in the UK comprises predominantly life insurance policies under which the policyholders
are entitled to participate in the returns of the funds supporting these policies. Business similar to this type is also written
in certain of the Group's Asian operations, subject to local market and regulatory conditions. Such policies are called
with-profits policies. Prudential maintains with-profits funds within the Group's long-term business funds, which segregate the
assets and liabilities and accumulate the returns related to that with-profits business. The amounts accumulated in these
with-profits funds are available to provide for future policyholder benefit provisions and for bonuses to be distributed to
with-profits policyholders. The bonuses, both annual and final, reflect the right of the with-profits policyholders to participate
in the financial performance of the with-profits funds. Shareholders' profits with respect to bonuses declared on with-profits
business correspond to the shareholders' share of the cost of bonuses as declared by the Board of Directors. The shareholders'
share currently represents one-ninth of the cost of bonuses declared for with-profits policies.
The unallocated surplus represents the excess of assets over policyholder liabilities for the Group's with-profits funds. As
allowed under IFRS 4, the Group has opted to continue to record unallocated surplus of with-profits funds wholly as a liability.
The annual excess (shortfall) of income over expenditure of the with-profits funds, after declaration and attribution of the cost
of bonuses to policyholders and shareholders, is transferred to (from) the unallocated surplus each year through a charge (credit)
to the income statement. The balance retained in the unallocated surplus represents cumulative income arising on the with-profits
business that has not been allocated to policyholders or shareholders. The balance of the unallocated surplus is determined after
full provision for deferred tax on unrealised appreciation on investments.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
115
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
P: Statement of financial position continued
ii US insurance operations
30 Jun£m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
2010
Variable Variable Variable
annuity annuity annuity
separateFixed separate Fixed separate Fixed
account annuity, account annuity, account annuity,
assets GIC and assets GIC and assets GIC and
and other and other and other
liabilitiesbusiness liabilitiesbusiness liabilitiesbusiness
note i note i Total note i note i Total note i note i Total
Assets
Intangible assets attributable
to shareholders:
Deferred acquisition costss -- 2,950 2,950 -- 3,259 3,259 -- 3,092 3,092
Total -- 2,950 2,950 -- 3,259 3,259 -- 3,092 3,092
Deferred tax assets -- 1,828 1,828 -- 1,363 1,363 -- 1,944 1,944
Other non-investment and non-cash assets -- 1,409 1,409 -- 1,315 1,315 -- 1,404 1,404
Investments of long-term business and
other operations:
Investment properties -- 27 27 -- 12 12 -- 33 33
Financial investments:
Loansu -- 4,537 4,537 -- 4,295 4,295 -- 4,319 4,319
Equity securities and portfolio
holdings in unit trusts 24,291 338 24,629 14,512 472 14,984 20,639 345 20,984
Debt securities V.W -- 27,371 27,371 -- 20,896 20,896 -- 22,831 22,831
Other investmentsnote ii -- 1,684 1,684 -- 1,103 1,103 -- 955 955
Deposits -- 359 359 -- 577 577 -- 454 454
Total investments 24,291 34,316 58,607 14,512 27,355 41,867 20,639 28,937 49,576
Properties held-for-sale -- 3 3 -- -- -- -- 3 3
Cash and cash equivalents -- 153 153 -- 343 343 -- 340 340
Total assets 24,291 40,659 64,950 14,512 33,635 48,147 20,639 35,720 56,359
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equity -- 3,905 3,905 -- 2,046 2,046 -- 3,011 3,011
Non-controlling interests -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Total equity -- 3,905 3,905 -- 2,046 2,046 -- 3,011 3,011
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities:
Contract liabilities (including amounts
in respect of contracts classified as
investment contracts under IFRS 4) 24,291 30,962 55,253 14,512 26,980 41,492 20,639 27,672 48,311
Total 24,291 30,962 55,253 14,512 26,980 41,492 20,639 27,672 48,311
Core structural borrowings of
shareholder-financed operations -- 166 166 -- 152 152 -- 154 154
Operational borrowings attributable to
shareholder-financed operations -- 171 171 -- 297 297 -- 203 203
Deferred tax liabilities -- 2,254 2,254 -- 1,075 1,075 -- 1,858 1,858
Other non-insurance liabilities -- 3,201 3,201 -- 3,085 3,085 -- 2,822 2,822
Total liabilities 24,291 36,754 61,045 14,512 31,589 46,101 20,639 32,709 53,348
Total equity and liabilities 24,291 40,659 64,950 14,512 33,635 48,147 20,639 35,720 56,359
Notes
i Assets and liabilities attaching to variable annuity business that are not held in the separate account are shown within other
business.
116 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ii Other investments comprise:
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
2010 2009 2009
£m £m £m
Derivative assets* 1,162 652 519
Partnerships in investment
pools and other
+ 522 451 436
1,684 1,103 955
*In the US, Prudential uses derivatives to reduce interest rate risk, to facilitate efficient portfolio management to match
liabilities under annuity policies, and for certain equity-based product management activities. After taking account of the
derivative liability of £618 million (30 June 2009: £561 million; 31 December 2009: £461 million), which is also included in the
statement of financial position, the derivative position for US operations is a net asset of £544 million (30 June 2009: £91 million;
31 December 2009: £58 million).
+ Partnerships in investment pools and other comprise primarily investments in limited partnerships. These include interests in the
PPM America Private Equity Fund and diversified investments in other partnerships by independent money managers that generally invest
in various equities and fixed income loans and securities.
iii Results and movements in shareholders' equity
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Operating profits based on longer-term investment returnsC 450 217 459
Short-term fluctuations in investment returnsF (120) 165 27
Profit before shareholder tax 330 382 486
TaxL (94) (176) 102
Profit for the period 236 206 588
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Profit for the period (as above) 236 206 588
Items recognised in other comprehensive income:
Exchange movements 252 (278) (231)
Unrealised valuation movements on securities classified as available-for
sale:
Unrealised holding gains arising during the year 1,123 662 2,249
Add back losses included in the income statement 21 146 420
Total unrealised valuation movements 1,144 808 2,669
Related change in amortisation of deferred income and acquisition costsS (510) (235) (1,069)
Related tax (215) (150) (557)
Total other comprehensive income 671 145 812
Total comprehensive income for the period 907 351 1,400
Dividends and interest payments to central companies (13) (3) (87)
Net increase in equity 894 348 1,313
Shareholders' equity at beginning of period 3,011 1,698 1,698
Shareholders' equity at end of period 3,905 2,046 3,011
117
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
P: Statement of financial position continued
iii Asian insurance operations
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Unit- Unit- Unit-
linked linked linked
With- assets With- assets With- assets
profits and profits and profits and
business liabil- businessliabil- businessliabil-
note i ities Other Total note i ities Other Total note i ities Other Total
Assets
Intangible assets
attributable to
shareholders:
Goodwill -- -- 235 235 -- -- 80 80 -- -- 80 80
Deferred acquisition
costs and other
intangible assetsS -- -- 942 942 -- -- 648 648 -- -- 822 822
Total -- -- 1,177 1,177 -- -- 728 728 -- -- 902 902
Intangible assets
attributable to
with-profit funds:
Deferred acquisition
costs and other
intangible assets 102 -- -- 102 98 -- -- 98 97 -- -- 97
Deferred tax assets -- -- 96 96 8 -- 93 101 -- -- 132 132
Other non-investment and
non-cash assets 373 180 439 992 320 102 1,044 1,466 234 83 563 880
Investments of long-term
business and
other operations:
Investment properties -- -- 11 11 -- -- 12 12 -- -- 11 11
Investments accounted
for using the
equity method -- -- 5 5 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 2
Financial investments:
LoansU 883 -- 500 1,383 716 47 332 1,095 781 27 399 1,207
Equity securities and
portfolio holdings
in unit trusts 4,025 8,046 252 12,323 2,844 5,212 104 8,160 3,691 7,224 267 11,182
Debt securitiesV 5,990 2,697 3,738 12,425 4,326 1,982 1,986 8,294 4,988 2,462 2,534 9,984
Other investments 130 23 274 427 55 80 56 191 73 44 141 258
Deposits 27 284 641 952 34 233 272 539 14 196 536 746
Total investments 11,055 11,050 5,421 27,526 7,975 7,554 2,762 18,291 9,547 9,953 3,890 23,390
Cash and cash equivalents 350 232 428 1,010 396 298 448 1,142 225 235 377 837
Total assets 11,880 11,462 7,561 30,903 8,797 7,954 5,075 21,826 10,103 10,271 5,864 26,238
118 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Unit- Unit- Unit-
linked linked linked
With- assets With- assets With- assets
profits and profits and profits and
businessliabil- business liabil- businessliabil-
note i ities Other Total note i ities Other Total note i ities Other Total
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equity -- -- 1,992 1,992 -- -- 1,576 1,576 -- -- 1,462 1,462
Non-controlling interests -- -- 2 2 -- -- 2 2 -- -- 1 1
Total equity -- -- 1,994 1,994 -- -- 1,578 1,578 -- -- 1,463 1,463
Liabilities
Policyholder liabilities and
unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds:
Contract liabilities
(including amounts in
respect of contracts
classified as investment
contracts under IFRS 4) 10,110 10,855 4,515 25,480 7,988 7,509 2,689 18,186 8,808 9,717 3,333 21,858
Unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds 52 -- -- 52 46 -- -- 46 53 -- -- 53
Total 10,162 10,855 4,515 25,532 8,034 7,509 2,689 18,232 8,861 9,717 3,333 21,911
Operational borrowings
attributable to
shareholders-financed
operations -- -- 195 195 -- -- 133 133 -- -- 210 210
Deferred tax liabilities 297 12 116 425 226 -- 126 352 266 12 106 384
Other non-insurance liabilities 1,421 595 741 2,757 537 445 549 1,531 976 542 752 2,270
Total liabilities 11,880 11,462 5,567 28,909 8,797 7,954 3,497 20,248 10,103 10,271 4,401 24,775
Total equity and liabilities 11,880 11,462 7,561 30,903 8,797 7,954 5,075 21,826 10,103 10,271 5,864 26,238
Note i The statement of financial position for with-profits business comprises the with-profits assets and liabilities of the
with-profits operations of Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore. Assets and liabilities of other participating business are included in
the column for 'other business'.
119
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
P: Statement of financial position continued
iv Asset management operations
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
M&G US Asia Total Total Total
Assets
Intangible assets:
Goodwill 1,153 16 61 1,230 1,230 1,230
Deferred acquisition costs 8 -- -- 8 6 8
Total 1,161 16 61 1,238 1,236 1,238
Other non-investment and non-cash assets 733 177 107 1,017 897 850
Financial investments:
LoansU 1,453 -- -- 1,453 1,534 1,413
Equity securities and portfolio holdings
in unit trusts 146 -- 9 155 72 137
Debt securitiesV 1,450 -- 16 1,466 978 1,164
Other investmentsnote iii 189 2 4 195 358 113
Deposits 37 3 14 54 22 63
Total financial investments 3,275 5 43 3,323 2,964 2,890
Cash and cash equivalentsnote iii 925 36 115 1,076 1,546 970
Total assets 6,094 234 326 6,654 6,643 5,948
Equity and liabilities
Equity
Shareholders' equitynote i 1,343 127 241 1,711 1,637 1,659
Non-controlling interests 3 -- -- 3 1 3
Total equity 1,346 127 241 1,714 1,638 1,662
Liabilities
Intra-group debt represented by operational
borrowings at Group levelnote ii 2,564 -- -- 2,564 2,392 2,038
Net asset value attributable to external holders
of consolidated fundsnote iii 398 -- -- 398 524 410
Other non-insurance liabilities 1,786 107 85 1,978 2,089 1,838
Total liabilities 4,748 107 85 4,940 5,005 4,286
Total equity and liabilities 6,094 234 326 6,654 6,643 5,948
Notes i M&G shareholders' equity includes equity in respect of Prudential Capital. ii
Intra Group debt represented by operational borrowings at Group level
Operational borrowings for M&G are in respect of Prudential Capital's short-term fixed income security programme and comprise
£2,312 million (30 June 2009: £2,385 million; 31 December 2009: £2,031 million) of commercial paper and £252 million (30 June 2009: £7
million; 31 December 2009: £7 million) of medium-term notes. iii Consolidated investment funds The M&G statement of financial
position shown above includes investment funds which are managed on behalf of third parties. In respect of these funds, the statement
of financial position includes cash and cash equivalents of £247 million, £164 million of other investments, £(13) million of other
net assets and liabilities and net asset value attributable to external unit holders of £398 million which are non-recourse to M&G
and the Group.
120 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Q: Acquisition of United Overseas Bank Life Assurance Limited
On 1 February 2010, the Group acquired from United Overseas Bank (UOB) its 100 per cent interest in UOB Life Assurance Limited in
Singapore for total cash consideration, after post-completion adjustments currently estimated at SGD67 million (£32 million), of
SGD495 million (£220 million). The acquisition offers new profitable growth opportunities in Asia. As part of the transaction the
Group also entered into a long-term strategic partnership to develop a major regional bancassurance business with UOB.
In addition to the amounts above the Group incurred £2 million of acquisition-related costs (excluding integration costs). These
have been excluded from the consideration transferred and have been recognised as an expense in the period, in the condensed
consolidated income statement. This amount has been excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.
Goodwill arising on acquisition
£m
Cash consideration 220
Less: fair value of identifiable net assets acquired (75)
Goodwill arising on acquisition 145
Goodwill arose in the acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited in Singapore because the acquisition included revenue and cost
synergies. These assets could not be separately recognised from goodwill because they are not capable of being separated from the
Group and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged, either individually or together with any related contracts and did not
arise from contractual or other legal rights.
None of the goodwill arising on this transaction is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition
£m
Assets:
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders: Present value of acquired in-force business 2
Other non-investment and non-cash assets 22
Investments of long-term business and other operations 1,004
Cash and cash equivalents 89
Total assets 1,117
Liabilities:
Policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profit funds: Contract liabilities 968
Other non-insurance liabilities 74
Total liabilities 1,042
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired 75
Total assets include loans and receivables with a fair value of £15 million. This value represents the gross contractual amount and
all amounts are expected to be collected.
Impact of acquisition on the results of the Group
Included in the Group's consolidated profit before tax for the period is £8 million attributable to UOB Life Assurance Limited in
Singapore. Consolidated revenue, including investment returns, for the period includes £50 million in respect of UOB Life Assurance
Limited in Singapore.
Had the acquisition been effected at 1 January 2010, the revenue and profit of the Group from continuing operations for the six
months ended 30 June 2010 would not have been materially different.
R: Goodwill attributable to shareholders
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Cost
At the beginning of the period 1,430 1,461 1,461
Disposal of Taiwan Agency business -- (44) (44)
Additional consideration paid on previously acquired businesses -- 13 13
Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance Limited in SingaporeQ 145 -- --
Exchange differences 10 -- --
At the end of the period 1,585 1,430 1,430
Aggregate impairment (120) (120) (120)
Net book amount at end of period 1,465 1,310 1,310
121
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
S: Deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders
Significant costs are incurred in connection with acquiring new insurance business. Except for acquisition costs of with-profits
contracts of the UK regulated with-profits funds, which are accounted for under the FSA realistic regime, these costs, which vary
with, and are primarily related to, the production of new business, are capitalised and amortised against margins in future revenues
on the related insurance policies. The recoverability of the asset is measured and the asset is deemed impaired if the projected
future margins are less than the carrying value of the asset. To the extent that the future margins differ from those anticipated,
then an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred acquisition cost asset will be necessary.
The deferral and amortisation of acquisition costs is of most relevance to the Group's results for shareholder-financed long-term
business of Jackson and Asian operations. The majority of the UK shareholder-backed business are for individual and group annuity
business where the incidence of acquisition costs is negligible.
The deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders comprise:
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Deferred acquisition costs relating to insurance and investment management contracts 3,847 3,923 3,930
Present value of acquired in-force business and distribution rights 181 122 119
4,028 4,045 4,049
Arising in:
UK insurance operations 128 132 127
US insurance operations 2,950 3,259 3,092
Asia insurance operations 942 648 822
Asset management operations 8 6 8
4,028 4,045 4,049
The movement in the period for deferred acquisition costs and other intangible assets attributable to shareholders of the Group
comprises:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Balance at the beginning of the period 4,049 5,349 5,349
Additions 605 468 1,071
Amortisation to income statement (385) (447) (316)
Exchange differences 269 (654) (550)
Change in shadow DAC (510) (235) (1,069)
DAC movement on sale of Taiwan agency business -- (436) (436)
Balance at the end of the period 4,028 4,045 4,049
Of the above, the movement in the period in respect of Jackson and wholly relating to deferred acquisition costs comprises:
2010 £m 2009 £m
Half year Half year Full year
Balance at the beginning of the period 3,092 3,962 3,962
Additions 408 294 690
Amortisation to income statement (257) (270) (70)
Exchange differences 217 (492) (421)
Change in shadow DAC (510) (235) (1,069)
Balance at the end of the period 2,950 3,259 3,092
Under IFRS 4, the Group applies grandfathered US GAAP for measuring the insurance assets and liabilities of Jackson. In the case of
Jackson term business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortised in line with expected premiums. For annuity and
interest-sensitive life business, acquisition costs are deferred and amortised in line with expected gross profits on the relevant
contracts. For interest-sensitive annuity and life business, the key assumption is the long-term spread between the earned rate and
the rate credited to policyholders, which is based on the annual spread analysis. In addition, expected gross profits depend on
mortality assumptions, assumed unit costs and terminations other than deaths (including the related charges), all of which are based
on a combination of actual experience of Jackson, industry experience and future expectations. A detailed analysis of actual
mortality experience is measured by internally developed mortality studies.
Variable annuity contracts written by Jackson may provide for guaranteed minimum death, income, or withdrawal benefit features.
Under US GAAP, the grandfathered basis of accounting under IFRS 4, acquisition costs for Jackson's variable annuity products are
amortised in line with the emergence of profits. The measurement of the amortisation in part reflects current period fees earned on
assets covering liabilities to policyholders, and the expected level of future gross profits which depends on the assumed level of
future fees.
122 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Under US GAAP the projected gross profits reflect an assumed long-term level of equity return which, for Jackson, is 8.4 per cent.
This is applied to the period end level of separate account equity assets after application of a mean reversion technique that
broadly removes the effect of levels of short-term volatility in current market returns. Under the mean reversion technique applied
by Jackson, subject to a capping feature, the projected level of return for each of the next five years is adjusted from period to
period so that in combination with the actual rates of return for the preceding two years and the current year, the 8.4 per cent
annual return is applied on average over the eight-year period. Projected returns after the next five years are also applied at the
8.4 per cent rate of return. The capping feature in the eight-year mean reversion period, which currently applies due to the very
sharp market falls in 2008, is that the projected rates of return for the next five years can be no more than 15 per cent per annum.
If Jackson had not applied the mean reversion methodology and had instead applied a constant 8.4 per cent annual return from today's
asset values, the impact would be approximately £107 million.
The amortisation charge to the income statement is reflected in the operating profit before equity hedge results, the equity hedge
results and short-term fluctuations in investment returns. The amortisation charge to the operating profit before equity hedge
results in a reporting period will incorporate an element of acceleration or deceleration that reflects the variance between the
actual level of return attained and the assumed level in the mean reversion calculation. In half year 2010 and half year 2009 the
element of DAC amortisation charge included in operating profit includes £67 million and £12 million respectively of accelerated
amortisation. These amounts reflect asset value shortfalls in the periods compared with the assumed level of 15 per cent for the
year. For full year 2009, reflecting the excess of actual returns over the 15 per cent assumed level, the operating profit
incorporates a credit for decelerated amortisation of £39 million.
For half year 2010 the separate account net equity return was approximately negative five per cent. The amortisation charge for
full year 2010 is sensitive to changes in separate account returns in the second half of the year. For full year 2010, each one per
cent divergence of the actual separate account net equity return from the assumed return, is estimated to give rise to a sensitivity
for accelerated or decelerated amortisation of approximately £6 million.
In the absence of significant market declines between now and the end of 2011 Jackson would expect to see higher amortisation
levels than normal. This would essentially represent a reversal of the mean reversion benefits to date, as highly negative returns
from 2008 will no longer be included in the mean reverting returns.
123
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
T: Valuation bases for Group assets
The accounting carrying values of the Group's assets reflect the requirements of IFRS. For financial investments the basis of
valuation reflects the Group's application of IAS 39, 'Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement' as described further
below. The basis applied for the assets section of the statement of financial position at 30 June 2010 is summarised below:
30 Jun 2010 £m 30 Jun 2009 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Cost/ Cost/ Cost/
Amortised Amortised Amortised
At fair cost At fair cost At fair cost
value note ii Total value note ii Total value note ii Total
Intangible assets attributable to shareholders:
GoodwillR -- 1,465 1,465 -- 1,310 1,310 -- 1,310 1,310
Deferred acquisition costs and other
intangible assetsS -- 4,028 4,028 -- 4,045 4,045 -- 4,049 4,049
Total -- 5,493 5,493 -- 5,355 5,355 -- 5,359 5,359
Intangible assets attributable to with-
profits funds:
In respect of acquired subsidiaries for
venture fund and other investment
purposes -- 124 124 -- 159 159 -- 124 124
Deferred acquisition costs and other
intangible assets -- 110 110 -- 111 111 -- 106 106
Total -- 234 234 -- 270 270 -- 230 230
Total -- 5,727 5,727 -- 5,625 5,625 -- 5,589 5,589
Other non-investment and non-cash assets:
Property, plant and equipment -- 382 382 -- 428 428 -- 367 367
Reinsurers' share of insurance contract
liabilities -- 1,369 1,369 -- 1,114 1,114 -- 1,187 1,187
Deferred tax assetsL -- 2,691 2,691 -- 2,149 2,149 -- 2,708 2,708
Current tax recoverable -- 575 575 -- 389 389 -- 636 636
Accrued investment income -- 2,559 2,559 -- 2,366 2,366 -- 2,473 2,473
Other debtors -- 1,467 1,467 -- 1,311 1,311 -- 762 762
Total -- 9,043 9,043 -- 7,757 7,757 -- 8,133 8,133
Investments of long-term business
and other operations:
Investment properties 11,360 -- 11,360 10,479 -- 10,479 10,905 -- 10,905
Investments accounted for using
the equity method -- 9 9 -- 6 6 -- 6 6
Financial investments:
Loansnotes iii, U 251 9,336 9,587 -- 8,613 8,613 -- 8,754 8,754
Equity securities and portfolio
holdings in unit trustsnote iii 71,775 -- 71,775 56,069 -- 56,069 69,354 -- 69,354
Debt securitiesnotes iii, V 113,334 -- 113,334 89,399 -- 89,399 101,751 -- 101,751
Other investmentsnote iii 6,768 -- 6,768 6,085 -- 6,085 5,132 -- 5,132
Depositsnote i -- 9,766 9,766 -- 8,806 8,806 -- 12,820 12,820
Total 203,488 19,111 222,599 162,032 17,425 179,457 187,142 21,580 208,722
Properties held for sale 3 -- 3 5 -- 5 3 -- 3
Cash and cash equivalentsnote i -- 6,040 6,040 -- 6,542 6,542 -- 5,307 5,307
Total assets 203,491 39,921 243,412 162,037 37,349 199,386 187,145 40,609 227,754
Percentage of Group total assets 84% 16% 100% 81% 19% 100% 82% 18% 100%
Notes i Under IAS 39, deposits and cash and cash equivalents are classified as loans and receivables and carried at amortised cost in
the statement of financial position. There is no difference between their carrying values and fair values. Including these amounts as
being at their fair values, the percentage of the Group's total assets held on the statement of financial position which were at fair
value at 30 June 2010 was 90 per cent (30 June 2009: 89 per cent; 31 December 2009: 90 per cent). ii Assets carried at cost or
amortised cost are subject to impairment testing where appropriate under IFRS requirements. This category also includes assets which
are valued by reference to specific IFRS such as reinsurers' share of insurance contract liabilities, deferred tax assets and
investments accounted for under the equity method. iii These assets comprise financial instruments requiring fair value valuation
under IAS 39 with a value of £192.1 billion (30 June 2009: £151.6 billion; 31 December 2009: £176.2 billion).
124 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Determination of fair value
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities as shown on the tables opposite have been determined on the following bases.
The fair values of the financial instruments for which fair valuation is required under IFRS are determined by the use of current
market bid prices for exchange-quoted investments, or by using quotations from independent third-parties, such as brokers and pricing
services or by using appropriate valuation techniques. Investments valued using valuation techniques include financial investments
which by their nature do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades and financial investments for which markets are
no longer active as a result of market conditions e.g. market illiquidity. The valuation techniques used include comparison to recent
arm's length transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis, option
adjusted spread models and, if applicable, enterprise valuation. These techniques may include a number of assumptions relating to
variables such as credit risk and interest rates. Changes in assumptions relating to these variables could positively or negatively
impact the reported fair value of these instruments. When determining the inputs into the valuation techniques used priority is given
to publicly available prices from independent sources when available, but overall the source of pricing is chosen with the objective
of arriving at a fair value measurement which reflects the price at which an orderly transaction would take place between market
participants on the measurement date.
The fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based upon available market information and judgements about the
financial instruments, including estimates of the timing and amount of expected future cash flows and the credit standing of
counterparties. Such estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the
Group's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument, nor do they consider the tax impact of the realisation of unrealised
gains or losses from selling the financial instrument being fair valued. In some cases the fair value estimates cannot be
substantiated by comparison to independent markets, nor can the disclosed value be realised in immediate settlement of the financial
instrument.
The estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments reflects the estimated amount the Group would receive or pay in an
arm's length transaction. This amount is determined using quoted prices if exchange listed, quotations from independent third-parties
or valued internally using standard market practices. In accordance with the Group's risk management framework, all internally
generated valuations are subject to assessment against external counterparties' valuations.
The fair value of borrowings attributable to with-profits funds is based on quoted market prices.
Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurement hierarchy of Group financial instruments
The table below includes financial instruments carried at fair value analysed by level of the IFRS 7 defined fair value hierarchy.
This hierarchy is based on the inputs to the fair value measurement and reflects the lowest level input that is significant to that
measurement.
The classification criteria and its application to Prudential can be summarised as follows:
Level 1 -- quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities
Level 1 principally includes exchange listed equities, mutual funds with quoted prices, exchange traded derivatives such as futures
and options, and national government bonds unless there is evidence that trading in a given instrument is so infrequent that the
market could not possibly be considered active. It also includes other financial instruments (including net assets attributable to
unit holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds) where there is clear evidence that the year end valuation is based on a
traded price in an active market.
125
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
T: Valuation bases for Group assets continued
Level 2 -- inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly
(i.e. derived from prices)
Level 2 principally includes corporate bonds and other non-national government debt securities which are valued using observable
inputs, together with over-the-counter derivatives such as forward exchange contracts and non-quoted investment funds valued with
observable inputs. It also includes net assets attributable to unit-holders of consolidated unit trusts and similar funds and
investment contract liabilities that are valued using observable inputs.
The nature of Prudential's operations in the US and the UK mean that a significant proportion of the assets backing non-linked
shareholder-backed business are held in corporate bonds, structured securities and other non-national government debt securities.
These assets, in line with market practice, are generally valued using independent pricing providers in the US and third party broker
quotes in the UK and Asia either directly or via third parties such as IDC or Bloomberg. Such assets have generally been classified
as level 2 as the nature of broker quotations means that it does not strictly meet the definition of a level 1 asset. However these
valuations are determined using independent external quotations from multiple sources and are subject to a number of monitoring
controls such as monthly price variances, stale price reviews and variance analysis on prices achieved on subsequent trades.
In addition level 2 includes debt securities that are valued internally using standard market practices. Of the total level 2 debt
securities of £87,440 million at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009: £83,301 million), £6,862 million are valued internally (31 December
2009: £6,426 million). The majority of such securities use matrix pricing, which is based on assessing the credit quality of the
underlying borrower to derive a suitable discount rate relative to government securities on a comparable duration. Under matrix
pricing, the debt securities are priced taking the credit spreads on comparable quoted public debt securities and applying these to
the equivalent debt instruments factoring a specified liquidity premium. The majority of the parameters used in this valuation
technique are readily observable in the market and, therefore, are not subject to interpretation.
Level 3 -- Significant inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
Level 3 principally includes investments in private equity funds, investments in property funds which are exposed to bespoke
properties or risks investments which are internally valued or subject to a significant number of unobservable assumptions and
certain derivatives which are bespoke or long dated. It also includes debt securities which are rarely traded or traded only in
privately negotiated transactions and hence where it is difficult to assert that these have been based on observable market data. The
inherent nature of the vast majority of these assets means that, in normal market conditions, there is unlikely to be significant
change in the specific underlying assets classified as level 3.
At 30 June 2010 the Group held £4,570 million (31 December 2009: £5,190 million), three per cent of the fair valued financial
instruments (31 December 2009: three per cent), within level 3. Of these amounts £3,698 million (31 December 2009: £3,510 million)
was held by the Group's participating funds and therefore shareholders' profit and equity are not impacted by movements in the
valuation of these financial instruments. Total level 3 assets represented 3.9 per cent of the total assets of the participating
funds at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009: 3.7 per cent). Total level 3 liabilities at 30 June 2010 were £394 million out of total
participating fund liabilities of £106,007 million (31 December 2009: £348 million out of £104,817 million).
Of the £892 million level 3 fair valued financial investments at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009: £1,684 million), net of
derivative liabilities which support non-linked shareholder-backed business (1.4 per cent of the total financial investments net of
derivative liabilities backing this business) (31 December 2009: 3.0 per cent), £817 million are externally valued and £75 million
are internally valued (31 December 2009: £1,653 million and £31 million respectively). Internal valuations, which represent 0.12 per
cent of the total financial investments net of derivative liabilities supporting non-linked shareholder-backed business at 30 June
2010 (31 December 2009: 0.06 per cent), are inherently more subjective than external valuations.
126 Prudential plc 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
30 Jun 2010£m
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
With-profits
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 25,655 988 476 27,119
Debt securities 10,975 39,707 1,206 51,888
Other investments (including derivative assets) 64 1,679 2,410 4,153
Derivative liabilities (136) (589) (27) (752)
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 36,558 41,785 4,065 82,408
Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value -- (88) -- (88)
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation
feature(s) held at fair value -- -- -- --
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (384) (273) (367) (1,024)
Total 36,174 41,424 3,698 81,296
Percentage of total 44% 51% 5% 100%
Unit-linked and variable annuity
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 43,810 65 -- 43,875
Debt securities 3,617 4,683 25 8,325
Other investments (including derivative assets) 21 69 -- 90
Derivative liabilities -- -- -- --
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 47,448 4,817 25 52,290
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation
features held at fair value -- (12,547) -- (12,547)
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (1,159) -- -- (1,159)
Total 46,289 (7,730) 25 38,584
Percentage of total 120% (20)% 0% 100%
Non-linked shareholder-backed
Loans -- 251 -- 251
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 543 41 197 781
Debt securities 9,754 43,050 317 53,121
Other investments (including derivative assets) 203 1,747 575 2,525
Derivative liabilities (6) (1,078) (197) (1,281)
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 10,494 44,011 892 55,397
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation
features held at fair value -- (1,316) -- (1,316)
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (122) (317) (45) (484)
Other liabilities -- (252) -- (252)
Total 10,372 42,126 847 53,345
Percentage of total 19% 79% 2% 100%
Group total
Loans -- 251 -- 251
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 70,008 1,094 673 71,775
Debt securities 24,346 87,440 1,548 113,334
Other investments (including derivative assets) 288 3,495 2,985 6,768
Derivative liabilities (142) (1,667) (224) (2,033)
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 94,500 90,613 4,982 190,095
Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value -- (88) -- (88)
Investment contract liabilities without discretionary participation
features held at fair value -- (13,863) -- (13,863)
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (1,665) (590) (412) (2,667)
Other liabilities -- (252) -- (252)
Total 92,835 75,820 4,570 173,225
Percentage of total 53% 44% 3% 100%
127
Notes on the IFRS basis results continued
T: Valuation bases for Group assets continued
31 Dec 2009£m
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
With-profits
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 28,688 799 475 29,962
Debt securities 7,063 39,051 1,213 47,327
Other investments (including derivative assets) 79 1,199 2,170 3,448
Derivative liabilities (54) (504) (25) (583)
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 35,776 40,545 3,833 80,154
Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value -- (105) -- (105)
Investment contract without discretionary participation features held at -- -- -- --
fair value
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (1,354) (305) (323) (1,982)
Total 34,422 40,135 3,510 78,067
Percentage of total 44% 51% 5% 100%
Unit-linked and variable annuity
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 38,616 4 -- 38,620
Debt securities 3,283 5,525 40 8,848
Other investments (including derivative assets) 30 80 -- 110
Derivative liabilities -- -- -- --
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 41,929 5,609 40 47,578
Investment contract without discretionary participation features held at -- (12,242) -- (12,242)
fair value
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (1,324) (7) (2) (1,333)
Total 40,605 (6,640) 38 34,003
Percentage of total 119% (19)% 0% 100%
Non-linked shareholder-backed
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 557 36 179 772
Debt securities 5,783 38,725 1,068 45,576
Other investments (including derivative assets) 155 787 632 1,574
Derivative liabilities (20) (703) (195) (918)
Total financial investments, net of derivative liabilities 6,475 38,845 1,684 47,004
Investment contract without discretionary participation features held at -- (1,598) -- (1,598)
fair value
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (110) (342) (42) (494)
Total 6,365 36,905 1,642 44,912
Percentage of total 14% 82% 4% 100%
Group total
Equity securities and portfolio holdings in unit trusts 67,861 839 654 69,354
Debt securities 16,129 83,301 2,321 101,751
Other investments (including derivative assets) 264 2,066 2,802 5,132
Derivative liabilities (74) (1,207) (220) (1,501)
Total financial investments net of derivative liabilities 84,180 84,999 5,557 174,736
Borrowing attributable to the with-profits fund held at fair value -- (105) -- (105)
Investment contract without discretionary participation features held at -- (13,840) -- (13,840)
fair value
Net asset value attributable to unit holders of consolidated unit trusts
and similar funds (2,788) (654) (367) (3,809)
Total 81,392 70,400 5,190 156,982
Percentage of total 52% 45% 3% 100%
128 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
U: Loans portfolio
Loans are accounted for at amortised cost net of impairment losses except for certain mortgage loans of the UK insurance operations
which have been designated at fair value through profit and loss as this loan portfolio is managed and evaluated on a fair value
basis. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analysed as follows:
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Insurance operations
UK note i 2,214 1,689 1,815
US note ii 4,537 4,295 4,319
Asia note iii 1,383 1,095 1,207
Asset management operations
M&G note iv 1,453 1,534 1,413
Total 9,587 8,613 8,754
Notes
i UK insurance operations
The loans of the Groups UK insurance operations of £2,214 million at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £1,689 million; 31 December
2009: £1,815 million) comprise loans held by the PAC with-profits fund of £1,189 million (30 June 2009: £1,065 million; 31
December 2009:
£1,106 million) and loans held by shareholder-backed business of £1,025 million (30 June 2009: £624 million; 31 December 2009:
£709 million).
The loans held by the PAC with-profits fund comprise mortgage loans of £197 million, policy loans of £23 million and other
loans of £969 million (30 June 2009: £147 million, £26 million and £892 million respectively; 31 December 2009: £145 million, £24
million and £937 million respectively). The mortgage loans are collateralised by properties. Other loans held by the PAC
with-profits fund are all commercial loans and comprise mainly syndicated loans.
The loans held by the UK shareholder-backed business comprise mortgage loans collateralised by properties of £1,019 million
(30 June 2009: £619 million; 31 December 2009: £702 million) and other loans of £6 million (30 June 2009: £5 million; 31 December
2009: £7 million).
ii US insurance operations
The loans of the Groups US insurance operations of £4,537 million at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £4,295 million; 31 December 2009
£4,319 million) comprise mortgage loans of £3,948 million, policy loans of £573 million and other loans of £16 million (30 June
2009: £3,780 million, £515 million and £nil, respectively 31 December 2009: £3,774 million, £530 million and £15 million,
respectively). All of the mortgage loans are commercial mortgage loans which are collateralised by properties. The property types
are mainly industrial, multi-family residential, office, retail and hotel. The breakdown by property type is as follows:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
% % %
Industrial 30 33 32
Multi-Family 18 18 18
Office 21 21 20
Retail 20 17 19
Hotels 10 10 10
Other 1 1 1
100 100 100
The US insurance operations commercial mortgage loan portfolio does not include any single-family residential mortgage loans and
is therefore not exposed to the risk of defaults associated with residential subprime mortgage loans. The average loan size is
£7.1 million. The portfolio has a current estimated average loan to value of 72 per cent which provides significant cushion to
withstand substantial declines in value.
The policy loans are fully secured by individual life insurance policies or annuity policies.
iii Asian insurance operations
The loans of the Groups Asian insurance operations of £1,383 million at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £1,095 million; 31
December 2009: £1,207 million) comprise mortgage loans of £18 million, policy loans of £497 million and other loans of £868
million (30 June 2009: £4 million, £402 million and £689 million respectively; 31 December 2009: £13 million, £437 million and
£757 million respectively). The mortgage and policy loans are secured by properties and life insurance policies respectively.
The majority of the other loans are commercial loans held by the Malaysian operation and which are all investment graded by
two local rating agencies.
iv M&G
The M&G loans of £1,453 million (30 June 2009: £1,534 million; 31 December 2009: £1,413 million) relate to loans and receivables
managed by Prudential Capital. These assets generally have no external credit ratings available. The internal ratings prepared by
the Groups asset management operations as part of the risk management process are £87 million A+ to A (30 June 2009: £nil; 31
December 2009: £92 million) £907 million BBB+ to BBB (30 June 2009: £1,013 million; 31 December 2009: £835 million), £315 million
BB+ to BB (30 June 2009: £521 million; 31 December 2009: £330 million), and £144 million B+ to B (30 June 2009: £nil; 31
December 2009: £156 million).
129
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
V: Debt securities portfolio
Debt securities are carried at fair value. The amounts included in the statement of financial position are analysed as follows, with
further information relating to the credit quality of the Groups debt securities at 30 June 2010 provided in the notes below.
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Insurance operations
UK note i 72,072 59,231 67,772
US note ii 27,371 20,896 22,831
Asia note iii 12,425 8,294 9,984
Asset management operations note iv 1,466 978 1,164
Total 113,334 89,399 101,751
Notes
i UK insurance operations
PAC with-profits sub-fund Other funds and UK insurance operations
subsidiaries
Unit Other
Scottish Excluding linked annuity
Amicable Prudential Prudential assets and 2010 2009 2009
Insurance Annuities Annuities and long-term30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Fund Limited Limited Total liabilitiPRIL business Total Total Total
£m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m £m
S&P AAA 1,322 5,633 3,189 8,822 2,618 5,305 870 18,937 16,571 16,091
S&P AA+ to AA 355 2,132 1,132 3,264 592 1,914 246 6,371 5,673 6,472
S&P A+ to A 1,149 7,282 3,914 11,196 1,553 6,055 742 20,695 16,359 19,693
S&P BBB+ to BBB 1,088 6,923 1,336 8,259 730 2,275 447 12,799 9,141 12,183
S&P Other 340 2,020 171 2,191 37 137 19 2,724 2,039 2,667
4,254 23,990 9,742 33,732 5,530 15,686 2,324 61,526 49,783 57,106
Moodys Aaa 70 354 58 412 6 87 22 597 467 463
Moodys Aa1 to Aa3 10 97 43 140 107 26 283 275 276
Moodys A1 to A3 27 174 227 401 134 15 577 420 801
Moodys Baa1 to Baa3 62 385 248 633 139 27 861 712 815
Moodys Other 19 190 45 235 56 4 314 302 339
188 1,200 621 1,821 6 523 94 2,632 2,176 2,694
Fitch 30 213 178 391 202 33 656 871 1,022
Other 458 2,658 2,366 5,024 92 1,587 97 7,258 6,401 6,950
Total debt securities 4,930 28,061 12,907 40,968 5,628 17,998 2,548 72,072 59,231 67,772
Where no external ratings are available, internal ratings produced by the Groups asset management operation, which are prepared
on the Companys assessment of a comparable basis to external ratings, are used where possible. Of the £7,258 million total debt
securities held at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £6,401 million; 31 December 2009: £6,950 million) which are not externally rated,
£2,289 million were internally rated AAA to A-, £3,529 million were internally rated BBB to B and £1,440 million were unrated (30
June 2009: £2,190 million, £3,168 million and £1,043 million respectively; 31 December 2009: £2,190 million, £3,445 million and
£1,315 million respectively). The majority of unrated debt security investments were held in SAIF and the PAC with-profits fund and
relate to convertible debt and other investments which are not covered by ratings analysts nor have an internal rating attributed to
them. Of the £1,684 million (30 June 2009: £1,366 million; 31 December 2009: £1,503 million) PRIL and other annuity and long-term
business investments which are not externally rated, £8 million (30 June 2009: £25 million; 31 December 2009: £15 million) were
internally rated AAA, £90 million (30 June 2009: £84 million; 31 December 2009: £88 million) AA, £530 million (30 June 2009: £472
million; 31 December 2009: £495 million) A, £699 million (30 June 2009: £582 million; 31 December 2009: £647 million) BBB, £104
million (30 June 2009: £162 million; 31 December 2009: £123 million) BB and £253 million (30 June 2009: £41 million; 31 December
2009: £135 million) were internally rated B+ and below.
ii US insurance operations
US insurance operations held total debt securities with a carrying value of £27,371 million at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £20,896
million; 31 December 2009: £22,831 million). The table below provides information relating to the credit risk of the aforementioned
debt securities.
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Carrying Carrying Carrying
value value value
Summary £m £m £m
Corporate and government securities 20,451 14,881 16,455
Residential mortgage-backed securities 3,343 3,414 3,316
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 2,494 1,725 2,104
Other debt securities 1,083 876 956
Total debt securities 27,371 20,896 22,831
130 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following table summarises the securities detailed above by rating as at 30 June 2010 using Standard and Poors (S&P), Moodys,
Fitch and implicit ratings of RMBS based on NAIC valuations:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
S&P AAA 5,600 4,260 3,287
S&P AA+ to AA 1,164 624 846
S&P A+ to A 6,118 4,108 5,192
S&P BBB+ to BBB 8,469 6,781 7,659
S&P Other 833 1,480 895
22,184 17,253 17,879
Moodys Aaa 8 301 273
Moodys Aa1 to Aa3 34 54 43
Moodys A1 to A3 247 69 32
Moodys Baa1 to Baa3 89 79 64
Moodys Other 66 146 57
444 649 469
Implicit ratings of RMBS based on NAIC valuations
(see below)
NAIC 1 810 747
NAIC 2 161 105
NAIC 3-6 319 473
Total 1,290 1,325
Fitch 262 239 281
Other* 3,191 2,755 2,877
Total debt securities 27,371 20,896 22,831
In the table above, with the exception of residential mortgage-backed securities for half year 2010 and full year 2009, S&P ratings
have been used where available. For securities where S&P ratings are not immediately available, those produced by Moodys and then
Fitch have been used as an alternative.
During the second half of 2009 the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) in the US revised the regulatory rating
process for more than 20,000 residential mortgage-backed securities. The table above includes these securities, where held by
Jackson, using the regulatory rating levels established by an external third party (PIMCO) for half year 2010 and full year 2009.
*The amounts within Other which are not rated by S&P, Moodys or Fitch, nor are RMBS securities using the revised regulatory ratings,
have the following NAIC classifications:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
NAIC 1 1,240 1,085 1,102
NAIC 2 1,787 1,583 1,623
NAIC 3-6 164 87 152
3,191 2,755 2,877
iii Asia insurance operations
With-profits Unit-linked Other 2010 2009 2009
business business business 30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m £m £m £m
S&P AAA 1,940 306 271 2,517 1,723 2,259
S&P AA+ to AA 881 563 1,235 2,679 1,414 1,594
S&P A+ to A 1,189 91 527 1,807 1,370 1,496
S&P BBB+ to BBB 647 114 191 952 615 682
S&P Other 455 328 577 1,360 590 917
5,112 1,402 2,801 9,315 5,712 6,948
Moodys Aaa 117 69 30 216 329 134
Moodys Aa1 to Aa3 40 53 22 115 156 349
Moodys A1 to A3 117 20 106 243 65 309
Moodys Baa1 to Baa3 55 13 35 103 61 40
Moodys Other 21 12 33 438 15
350 155 205 710 1,049 847
Fitch 33 190 14 237 33 39
Other 495 949 719 2,163 1,500 2,150
Total debt securities 5,990 2,696 3,739 12,425 8,294 9,984
Of the £719 million (30 June 2009: £429 million; 31 December 2009: £517 million) of debt securities for other business which are
not rated in the table above, £183 million (30 June 2009: £191 million; 31 December 2009: £225 million) are in respect of government
bonds, £334 million (30 June 2009: £139 million; 31 December 2009: £265 million) are in respect of corporate bonds rated as
investment grade by local external ratings agencies and £4 million (30 June 2009: £nil; 31 December 2009: £22 million) are structured
deposits which are themselves rated but where the specific deposits have not been.
iv Asset Management Operations
Total debt securities for asset management operations of £1,466 million (30 June 2009: £978 million; 31 December 2009: £1,164
million), include £1,450 million (30 June 2009: £966 million; 31 December 2009: £1,149 million) relating to M&G of which £1,353
million (30 June 2009: £923 million; 31 December 2009: £1,072 million) were rated AAA to A by S&P or Aaa by Moodys.
131
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
V: Debt securities portfolio continued
v Group exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities
The Groups exposure to holdings in asset-backed securities, which comprise residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS),
commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), CDO funds and other asset-backed securities (ABS), at 30 June 2010 is as follows:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
Shareholder-backed operations (excluding assets held in
unit-linked funds):
UK insurance operations note i 1,102 911 2,044
US insurance operations note ii 6,921 5,867 6,376
Asian insurance operations note iii 76 14 59
Other operations note iv 360 325 326
8,459 7,117 8,805
With-profits operations:
UK insurance operations note i 4,682 4,089 6,451
Asian insurance operations note iii 429 261 378
5,111 4,350 6,829
Total 13,570 11,467 15,634
Notes
i UK insurance operations
The UK insurance operations exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2010 comprises:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
Shareholder-backed business (30 Jun 2010: 53% AAA,
19% AA) 1,102 911 2,044
With-profits operations (30 Jun 2010: 48% AAA, 12% AA) 4,682 4,089 6,451
Total 5,784 5,000 8,495
All of the £1,102 million (30 June 2009: £911 million; 31 December 2009: £2,044 million) exposure of the shareholder-backed
business relates to the UK market and primarily relates to investments held by PRIL. £3,046 million of the £4,682 million (30 June
2009: £2,400 million of the £4,089 million; 31 December 2009: £4,695 million of the £6,451 million) exposure of the with-profits
operations relates to exposure to the UK market while the remaining £1,636 million (30 June 2009: £1,689 million; 31 December 2009:
£1,756 million) relates to exposure to the US market.
ii US insurance operations
US insurance operations exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2010 comprises:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
RMBS Subprime (30 June 2010: 46% AAA, 6% AA) 226 155 194
Alt-A (30 June 2010: 17% AAA, 6% AA) 425 415 443
Prime (30 June 2010: 83% AAA, 2% AA) 2,692 2,844 2,679
CMBS (30 June 2010: 33% AAA, 14% AA) 2,494 1,725 2,104
CDO funds (30 June 2010: 7% AAA, 8% AA)*, including £3m
exposure to Subprime 160 207 79
ABS (30 June 2010: 30% AAA, 17% AA), including £nil exposure
to Subprime 924 521 877
Total 6,921 5,867 6,376
*Including the Groups economic interest in Piedmont and other consolidated CDO funds.
RMBS ratings refer to the ratings implicit within NAIC risk-based capital valuation as described in note F (iii)(b).
iii Asian insurance operations The Asian insurance operations exposure to asset-backed securities is primarily held by the
with-profits operations.
The £429 million (30 June 2009: £261 million; 31 December 2009: £378 million) asset-backed securities exposure of the Asian
with-profit operations comprises:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
RMBS all without Subprime exposure 31
CMBS 113 64 91
CDO funds and ABS 316 166 287
Total 429 261 378
The £429 million (30 June 2009: £261 million; 31 December 2009: £378 million) includes £310 million (30 June 2009: £174 million; 31
December 2009: £228 million) held by investment funds consolidated under IFRS in recognition of the control arrangements for those
funds and include an amount not owned by the Group with a corresponding liability of £16 million (30 June 2009: £37 million; 31
December 2009: £61 million) on the statement of financial position for net asset value attributable to external unit-holders in
respect of these funds, which are non-recourse to the Group. Of the £429 million, 49 per cent (30 June 2009: £261 million, 67 per
cent; 31 December 2009: £378 million, 72 per cent) are investment graded by Standard & Poors.
132 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
iv Other operations
Other operations exposure to asset-backed securities at 30 June 2010 is held by Prudential Capital and comprises:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
RMBS Prime (30 June 2010: 94% AAA, 6% AA) 143 78 91
CMBS (30 June 2010: 32% AAA, 23% AA) 184 187 193
CDO funds and ABS 33 60 42
Total 360 325 326
W: Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an
unrealised loss position
i Valuation basis
Under IAS 39, unless categorised as held to maturity debt securities are required to be fair valued. Where available, quoted market
prices are used. However, where securities do not have an externally quoted price based on regular trades or are quoted in markets
that are no longer active as a result of market conditions, IAS 39 requires that valuation techniques be applied.
ii Accounting presentation of gains and losses
With the exception of debt securities of US insurance operations classified as available-for-sale under IAS 39, unrealised value
movements on the Groups investments are booked within the income statement. For with-profits operations, such value movements are
reflected in changes to asset share liabilities to policyholders or the liability for unallocated surplus. For shareholder-backed
operations, the unrealised value movements form part of the total return for the year booked in the profit before tax attributable to
shareholders. Separately, as noted elsewhere and in note C and as applied previously, the Group provides an analysis of this profit
distinguishing operating profit based on longer-term investment return and short-term fluctuations in investment returns.
However, for debt securities classified as available-for-sale, unless impaired, fair value movements are recorded as part of
other comprehensive income. Impairments are recorded in the income statement as shown in note F of this announcement. This
classification is applied for most of the debt securities of the Groups US insurance operations.
iii Half year 2010 movements in unrealised gains and losses
In half year 2010 there was a movement in the statement of financial position value for these debt securities classified as
available-for-sale from a net unrealised gain of £4 million at 31 December 2009 to a net unrealised gain of £1,171 million at 30 June
2010. The gross unrealised gain in the statement of financial position increased from £970 million at 31 December 2009 to £1,692
million at 30 June 2010, while the gross unrealised loss decreased from £966 million at 31 December 2009 to £521 million at 30 June
2010.
These features are included in the table shown below of the movements in the values of available-for-sale securities.
2010 2009
Changes in Foreign
unrealised exchange
30 Jun appreciationtranslation 31 Dec
£m £m £m £m
Assets fair valued at below book value
Book value* 3,796 8,220
Unrealised loss (521) 512 (67) (966)
Fair value (as included in statement of financial position) 3,275 7,254
Assets fair valued at or above book value
Book value* 22,276 14,444
Unrealised gain 1,692 632 90 970
Fair value (as included in statement of financial position) 23,968 15,414
Total
Book value* 26,072 22,664
Net unrealised gain 1,171 1,144 23 4
Fair value (as included in statement of financial position) 27,243 22,668
Reflected as part of movement in other comprehensive income
Movement in unrealised appreciation 1,144 2,669
Exchange movements 23 232
1,167 2,901
*Book value represents cost/amortised cost of the debt securities.
Translated at the average rate of $1.5253: £1.
Debt securities for US operations included in the statement of financial position at 30 June 2010 of £27,371 million, and as
referred to above comprise £27,243 million for securities classified as available-for-sale, as shown above, and £128 million for
securities of consolidated investment funds classified as fair value through profit and loss.
133
Notes on the IFRS basis results continued
W: Debt securities of US insurance operations: Valuation basis, accounting presentation of gains and losses and securities in an
unrealised loss position continued
Included within the movement in unrealised valuation losses for the debt securities of Jackson of £512 million was an amount of £59
million relating to the Subprime and Alt-A securities for which the carrying values at 30 June 2010 are shown in the note below.
iv Securities in unrealised loss position
The following tables show some key attributes of those securities that are in an unrealised loss position at 30 June 2010.
a Fair value of securities as a percentage of book value
The unrealised losses on unimpaired securities in Jacksons statement of financial position are £521 million (31 December 2009: £966
million) relating to assets with fair market value and book value of £3,275 million (31 December 2009: £7,254 million) and £3,796
million (31 December 2009: £8,220 million) respectively. The following table shows the fair value of the securities in a gross
unrealised loss position for various percentages of book value:
30 Jun 2010 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Fair Unrealised Fair Unrealised
value loss value loss
Between 90% and 100% 2,133 (70) 5,127 (169)
Between 80% and 90% 661 (111) 1,201 (203)
Below 80% 481 (340) 926 (594)
3,275 (521) 7,254 (966)
Included within the table above are amounts relating to Subprime and Alt-A securities of:
30 Jun 2010 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Fair Unrealised Fair Unrealised
value loss value loss
Between 90% and 100% 118 (6) 102 (3)
Between 80% and 90% 95 (16) 160 (28)
Below 80% 103 (48) 159 (88)
Total 316 (70) 421 (119)
b Unrealised losses by maturity of security
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 31 Dec
Less than 1 year
1 year to 5 years (13) (29)
5 years to 10 years (31) (127)
More than 10 years (43) (92)
Mortgage-backed and other debt securities (434) (718)
Total (521) (966)
c Age analysis of unrealised losses for the periods indicated
The following table shows the age analysis of all the unrealised losses in the portfolio by reference to the length of time the
securities have been in an unrealised loss position:
30 Jun 2010 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Non Non-
investment Investment investment Investment
grade grade Total grade grade Total
Less than 6 months (15) (6) (21) (7) (51) (58)
6 months to 1 year (3) (4) (7) (25) (59) (84)
1 year to 2 years (78) (24) (102) (59) (234) (293)
2 years to 3 years (121) (68) (189) (125) (199) (324)
More than 3 years (105) (97) (202) (35) (172) (207)
(322) (199) (521) (251) (715) (966)
At 30 June 2010, the gross unrealised losses in the statement of financial position for the Subprime and Alt-A securities in an
unrealised loss position were £70 million (31 December 2009: £119 million), as shown above in note (a). Of these losses £5 million
(31 December 2009: £21 million) relate to securities that have been in an unrealised loss position for less than one year and £65
million (31 December 2009: £98 million) to securities that have been in an unrealised loss position for more than one year.
134 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
d Securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book value
As shown in the note (a) above, £340 million of the £521 million of gross unrealised losses at 30 June 2010 (31 December 2009: £594
million of the £966 million of gross unrealised losses) related to securities whose fair value were below 80 per cent of the book
value. The analysis of the £340 million (31 December 2009: £594 million), by category of debt securities and by age analysis
indicating the length of time for which their fair value was below 80 per cent of the book value, is as follows:
30 Jun 2010 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Fair Unrealised Fair Unrealised
value loss value loss
Residential mortgage-backed securities
Prime 144 (66) 322 (153)
Alt-A 39 (15) 77 (33)
Subprime 64 (33) 82 (55)
247 (114) 481 (241)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 26 (57) 87 (86)
Other asset-backed securities 135 (142) 183 (188)
Total structured securities 408 (313) 751 (515)
Corporates 73 (27) 175 (79)
Total 481 (340) 926 (594)
Age analysis of fair value being below 80 per cent for the periods indicated:
30 Jun 2010 £m 31 Dec 2009 £m
Fair Unrealised Fair Unrealised
value loss value loss
Less than 3 months 36 (11) 153 (45)
3 months to 6 months 6 (3) 5 (3)
More than 6 months 439 (326) 768 (546)
Total 481 (340) 926 (594)
X: Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations:
Perpetual subordinated capital securities (Innovative Tier 1)note i 1,533 950 1,422
Subordinated notes (Lower Tier 2)note i 1,234 1,248 1,269
Subordinated debt total 2,767 2,198 2,691
Senior debt:note iii
2023 300 300 300
2029 249 249 249
Holding company total 3,316 2,747 3,240
Jackson surplus notes (Lower Tier 2)note i 166 152 154
Total (per condensed consolidated statement of financial position)note iv 3,482 2,899 3,394
Less: Holding company cash and short-term investments
(recorded within the condensed consolidated statement of financial position)note ii (1,023) (1,252) (1,486)
Net core structural borrowings of shareholder-financed operations 2,459 1,647 1,908
Notes i These debt classifications are consistent with the treatment of capital for regulatory purposes, as defined in the FSA
handbook.
ii Including central finance subsidiaries.
iii The senior debt ranks above subordinated debt in the event of liquidation.
iv In addition to the listed debt above, £200 million Floating Rate Notes were issued by Prudential plc in April 2010 which mature in
October 2010.
These Notes have been wholly subscribed by a Group subsidiary and accordingly have been eliminated on consolidation in the Group
financial statements. These notes were originally issued in October 2008 and have been reissued upon their maturity. (The notes in
place at 30 June 2010 were issued in April 2010 and mature in October 2010.)
135
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
Y: Other borrowings
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Operational borrowings attributable to shareholder-financed operations
Borrowings in respect of short-term fixed income securities programmes 2,564 2,392 2,038
Non-recourse borrowings of US operations 171 297 203
Other borrowings note i 499 166 510
Total 3,234 2,855 2,751
Borrowings attributable to with-profits operations
Non-recourse borrowings of consolidated investment funds 1,047 1,104 1,016
£100m 8.5% undated subordinated guaranteed bonds of the Scottish Amicable Insurance Fund 100 100 100
Other borrowings (predominantly obligations under finance leases) 166 145 168
Total 1,313 1,349 1,284
Notes
i Other borrowings include amounts where repayment to the lender is contingent on future surpluses emerging from certain contracts
specified under the arrangement. If sufficient surplus emerges on the contracts, there is no recourse to other assets of the Group
and the liability is not payable to the degree of shortfall.
Z: Defined benefit pension schemes
The Group liability in respect of defined benefit pension schemes is as follows:
2010 £m 2009 £m
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Economic position:
Deficit, gross of deferred tax, based on scheme assets held, including investments
in Prudential insurance policies:
Attributable to the PAC with-profits fund (i.e. absorbed by the liability for
unallocated surplus) (120) (123) (122)
Attributable to shareholder-backed operations (i.e. shareholders equity) (140) (120) (128)
Economic deficit (260) (243) (250)
Exclude: investments in Prudential insurance liabilities (offset on consolidation in the
Group financial statements against insurance liabilities) (198) (161) (187)
Deficit under IAS 19 included in Provisions in the condensed statement of financial position (458) (404) (437)
The Group business operations operate a number of pension schemes. The largest defined benefit scheme is the principal UK scheme,
namely the Prudential Staff Pension Scheme (PSPS). In the UK, the Group also operates two smaller defined benefit schemes for UK
employees in respect of Scottish Amicable and M&G. For all three schemes the projected unit method was used for the most recent full
actuarial valuations.
The underlying position on an economic basis reflects the assets (including investments in Prudential policies that are offset
against liabilities to policyholders on the Group consolidation) and the liabilities of the schemes. At 30 June 2010, the investments
in Prudential policies comprise £94 million (30 June 2009: £110 million; 31 December 2009: £101 million) for PSPS and £198 million
(30 June 2009: £161 million; 31 December 2009: £187 million) for the M&G scheme.
Separately, the economic financial position also includes the effect of the application of IFRIC 14, IAS 19 The Limit on a
Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction. For PSPS, where there are constraints in the trust deed
to prevent the company access, the surplus is not recognised and a liability to additional funding is established.
At 30 June 2010, the Group has not recognised the underlying PSPS surplus of £309 million gross of deferred tax (30 June 2009:
£492 million; 31 December 2009: £513 million) and has recognised a liability for deficit funding to 30 June 2012 for PSPS of £62
million gross of deferred tax (30 June 2009: £68 million; 31 December 2009: £75 million).
Defined benefit schemes in the UK are generally required to be subject to full actuarial valuation every three years in order to
assess the appropriate level of funding for schemes in relation to their commitments. These valuations include assessments of the
likely rate of return on the assets held within the separate trustee administered funds. PSPS was last actuarially valued as at 5
April 2008. This valuation demonstrated the scheme to be 106 per cent funded. Although no formal deficit plan was required, an
additional funding akin to deficit funding of £25 million per annum was agreed by the Trustees subject to a reassessment when the
next valuation is completed. Deficit funding for PSPS is apportioned in the ratio of 70/30 between the PAC life fund and
shareholder-backed operations following detailed consideration in 2005 of the sourcing of previous contributions.
The valuation of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme as at 31 March 2008 demonstrated the scheme to be 91 per cent funded. Based
on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate the actuarial deficit over a seven year period were made from July
2009 of £7.3 million per annum. The IAS 19 deficit of the Scottish Amicable Pension Scheme at 30 June 2010 of £154 million (30 June
2009: £150 million; 31 December 2009: £139 million) has been allocated 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to
the shareholders fund.
136 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The valuation of the M&G pension scheme as at 31 December 2008 was finalised in January 2010 and demonstrated the scheme to be 76 per
cent funded. Based on this valuation, deficit funding amounts designed to eliminate the actuarial deficit over a five year period are
being made from January 2010 of £14.1 million per annum for the first two years and £9.3 million per annum for the subsequent three
years. The IAS 19 deficit of the M&G pension scheme on an economic basis at 30 June 2010 was £44 million (30 June 2009: £24 million;
31 December 2009: £36 million) and is wholly attributable to shareholders.
i Assumptions
The actuarial assumptions used in determining benefit obligations and the net periodic benefit costs for the period ended 30 June
2010 were as follows:
2010 % 2009 %
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
Discount rate* 5.4 6.4 5.8
Rate of increase in salaries 5.4 5.6 5.7
Rate of inflation 3.4 3.6 3.7
Rate of increase of pensions in payment for
inflation:
Guaranteed (maximum 5%) 3.4 3.6 3.7
Guaranteed (maximum 2.5%) 2.5 2.5 2.5
Discretionary 2.5 2.5 2.5
Expected return on plan assets 5.9 4.5 4.5
*The discount rate has been determined by reference to an AA corporate bond index adjusted to allow for the difference in duration
between the index and the pension liabilities.
The inflation assumption reflects the long-term assumption for the UK Retail Price Index (RPI).
The calculations are based on current actuarially calculated mortality estimates with a specific allowance made for future
improvements in mortality, which is broadly based on adjusted versions of the medium cohort projections prepared by the Continuous
Mortality Investigation Bureau of the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries.
The tables used for PSPS immediate annuities in payment at 30 June 2010 were:
Male: 108.6 per cent PNMA 00 with medium cohort improvements subject to a floor of 1.75 per cent up to the age of 90, decreasing
linearly to zero by age of 120; and Female: 103.4 per cent PNFA 00 with 75 per cent medium cohort improvements subject to a floor of
one per cent up to the age of 90 and decreasing linearly to zero by age of 120.
137
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
Z: Defined benefit pension schemes continued
ii Estimated pension scheme deficit economic basis
Movements on the pension scheme deficit (determined on the economic basis) are as follows, with the effect of the application of
IFRIC 14 being shown separately:
30 Jun 2010 £m
(Charge) credit to income statement
Operating Actuarial
results and Surplus
Surplus (based on other (deficit)
(deficit) in longer-term gains in scheme
scheme at investment and at 30 June
1 January returns) losses Contributions2010
2010 note a note b paid note c
All schemes underlying position
(without the effect of IFRIC
14)
Surplus (deficit) 338 (3) (265) 44 114
Less: amount attributable to PAC 6) 18)
with-profits fund (285) ( 174 ( (135)
Shareholders share:
Gross of tax surplus (deficit) 53 (9) (91) 26 (21)
Related tax (15) 2 26 (7) 6
Net of shareholders tax 38 (7) (65) 19 (15)
Effect of IFRIC 14
Surplus (deficit) (588) (20) 234 (374)
Less: amount attributable to PAC 5
with-profits fund 407 1 (167) 255
Shareholders share:
Gross of tax surplus (deficit) (181) (5) 67 (119)
Related tax 51 2 (20) 33
Net of shareholders tax (130) (3) 47 (86)
With the effect of IFRIC 14
Surplus (deficit) (250) (23) (31) 44 (260)
Less: amount attributable to PAC 18)
with-profits fund 122 9 7 ( 120
Shareholders share:
Gross of tax surplus (deficit) (128) (14) (24) 26 (140)
Related tax 36 4 6 (7) 39
Net of shareholders tax (92) (10) (18) 19 (101)
Notes a The components of the charge to operating results (gross of allocation of the share attributable to the PAC with-profits
fund) are as follows:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Service cost (18) (16) (34)
Finance (expense) income:
Interest on pension scheme liabilities (147) (140) (277)
Expected return on assets 162 119 240
Total charge without the effect of IFRIC 14(3) (37) (71)
Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes (20) 14 23
Total charge after the effect of IFRIC 14 (23) (23) (48)
The net charge to operating profit (gross of the share attributable to the PAC with-profits fund) of £23 million (half year 2009: £23
million; full year 2009: £48 million) is made up of a charge of £14 million (half year 2009: £13 million; full year 2009: £29
million) relating to PSPS and a charge of £9 million (half year 2009: £10 million; full year 2009: £19 million) for other schemes.
This net charge represents:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Underlying IAS 19 charge for other pension schemes (9) (10) (19)
Cash costs for PSPS (12) (11) (25)
Unwind of discount on opening provision for deficit (2) (2) (4)
funding for PSPS
(23) (23) (48)
Consistent with the derecognition of the Companys interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS, the charge to operating
profit on longer-term investment returns for PSPS reflects the cash cost of contributions for ongoing service of active members.
In addition, the charge to the operating results also includes a charge for the unwind of discount on the opening provision for
deficit funding for PSPS.
138 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
b The components of the credit (charge) for actuarial and other gains and losses (gross of allocation of the share attributable to
the PAC with-profits fund but excluding the charge relating to the sold Taiwan agency business) are as follows:
2010 2009 2009
Half year Half year Full year
£m £m £m
Actual less expected return on assets 39 (405) 108
(Losses) gains on changes of assumptions for plan (302) 50 (521)
liabilities
Experience (losses) gains on liabilities (2) 2 76
Total charge without the effect of IFRIC 14 (265) (353) (337)
Effect of IFRIC 14 for pension schemes 234 219 182
Actuarial and other gains and losses after the (31) (134) (155)
effect of IFRIC 14
The net charge for actuarial and other gains and losses is recorded within the income statement but, within the segmental analysis
of profit, the shareholders share of actuarial and other gains and losses (i.e. net of allocation of the share to the PAC
with-profits funds) is excluded from operating profit based on longer-term investment returns.
The half year 2010 actuarial losses of £265 million primarily reflects the effect of decreases in risk discount rates
partially offset by the effect of decrease in inflation rate and the excess of market returns over long-term assumptions and
experience gains on liabilities.
Consistent with the derecognition of the Companys interest in the underlying IAS 19 surplus of PSPS, the actuarial gains and
losses do not include those of PSPS. In addition, as a result of applying IFRIC 14, the Group has recognised a provision for deficit
funding in respect of PSPS. The change in half year in 2010 in relation to this provision recognised above as other gains and losses
on defined benefit pension schemes was £nil (half year 2009: £29 million; full year 2009: £48 million). c On the economic basis,
after including the underlying assets represented by the investments in Prudential insurance policies as scheme assets, the
underlying statements of financial position of the schemes were:
2010 2009 2009
30 Jun 30 Jun 31 Dec
£m £m £m
Equities 839 1,028 1,096
Bonds 3,935 3,024 3,686
Properties 279 267 287
Cash-like investments 587 678 443
Total value of assets 5,640 4,997 5,512
Present value of benefit obligations (5,526) (4,680) (5,174)
114 317 338
Effect of the application of IFRIC 14 for pension
schemes:
Derecognition of PSPS surplus (309) (492) (513)
Adjust for obligation for deficit funding* (65) (68) (75)
Pre-tax deficit (260) (243) (250)
*The £65 million adjustment at 30 June 2010 comprises £62 million for PSPS and £3 million for M&G pension scheme (30 June 2009 and
31 December 2009: all relating to PSPS).
139
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
Z: Defined benefit pension schemes continued
iii Sensitivity of the pension scheme liabilities of the PSPS, Scottish Amicable and M&G pension schemes to key variables
The table below shows the sensitivity of the underlying PSPS, Scottish Amicable and M&G pension scheme liabilities at 30 June 2010 of
£4,745 million, £542 million and £239 million, respectively (30 June 2009: £4,016 million, £479 million, £185 million, respectively;
31 December 2009: £4,436 million, £515 million and £223 million, respectively) to changes in discount rates and inflation rates. In
addition, the table below shows the sensitivity of the underlying PSPS, Scottish Amicable and M&G pension scheme liabilities at 30
June 2010 to changes to mortality rate assumptions.
30 Jun 2010
Assumption Change in assumption Impact on scheme
liabilities on IAS 19
basis
Discount Decrease by 0.2% from 5.4% to 5.2% Increase in scheme
rate liabilities by:
PSPS 3.5%
Scottish Amicable 5.1%
M&G 5.2%
Discount Increase by 0.2% from 5.4% to 5.6% Decrease in scheme
rate liabilities by:
PSPS 3.4%
Scottish Amicable 4.8%
M&G 4.9%
Rate of Decrease by 0.2% from 3.4% to 3.2% Decrease in scheme
inflation liabilities by:
with consequent reduction in PSPS 1.0%
salary increases Scottish Amicable 5.0%
M&G 4.7%
Mortality Increase life expectancy by 1 year Increase in scheme
rate liabilities by:
PSPS 2.2%
Scottish Amicable 2.2%
M&G 2.5%
30 Jun 2009
AssumptionChange in Impact on scheme
assumption liabilities on IAS 19 basis
Discount Decrease by 0.2% from 6.4% to Increase in scheme
rate 6.2% liabilities by:
PSPS 3.3%
Scottish Amicable 5.0%
M&G 5.4%
Discount Increase by 0.2% from 6.4% to Decrease in scheme
rate 6.6% liabilities by:
PSPS 3.1%
Scottish Amicable 4.6%
M&G 4.9%
Rate of Decrease by 0.2% from 3.6% to Decrease in scheme
inflation 3.4% liabilities by:
with consequent reduction in PSPS 0.9%
salary Scottish Amicable 4.6%
increases
M&G 4.9%
31 Dec 2009
Assumption Change in assumption Impact on scheme
liabilities on IAS 19
basis
Discount Decrease by 0.2% from 5.8% to 5.6% Increase in scheme
rate liabilities by:
PSPS 3.5%
Scottish Amicable 5.2%
M&G 4.9%
Discount Increase by 0.2% from 5.8% to 6.0% Decrease in scheme
rate liabilities by:
PSPS 3.2%
Scottish Amicable 4.8%
M&G 4.9%
Rate of Decrease by 0.2% from 3.7% to 3.5% Decrease in scheme
inflation liabilities by:
with consequent reduction in PSPS 0.9%
salary increases Scottish Amicable 4.9%
M&G 4.5%
140 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The sensitivity of the underlying pension scheme liabilities to changes in discount, inflation and mortality rates as shown above
does not directly equate to an impact on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders equity due to the effect of
the application of IFRIC 14 on PSPS and the allocation of a share of the interest in financial position of the PSPS and Scottish
Amicable schemes to the PAC with-profits fund as described above.
The sensitivity to the changes in the key variables as shown in the table above has no significant impact on the pension costs
included in the Groups operating results. This is due to the pension costs charged in each of the periods presented being derived
largely from market conditions at the beginning of the period. After applying IFRIC 14 and to the extent attributable to
shareholders, any residual impact from the changes to these variables is reflected as actuarial gains and losses on defined benefit
pension schemes within the supplementary analysis of profits. The relevance of this to each of the three UK schemes is described
further below.
For PSPS, the underlying surplus of the scheme of £309 million (30 June 2009: £492 million; 31 December 2009: £513 million) has
not been recognised under IFRIC 14. Any change in the underlying scheme liabilities to the extent that it is not sufficient to alter
PSPS into a liability in excess of the deficit funding provision will not have an impact on the Groups results and financial
position. Based on the underlying financial position of PSPS as at 30 June 2010, none of the changes to the underlying scheme
liabilities for the changes in the variables shown in the table above have had an impact on the Groups half year 2010 results and
financial position.
In the event that a change in the PSPS scheme liabilities results in a deficit position for the scheme which is recognisable, the
deficit recognised affects the Groups results and financial position only to the extent of the amounts attributable to shareholder
operations. The amounts attributable to the PAC with-profits fund are absorbed by the liability for unallocated surplus and have no
direct effect on the profit or loss attributable to shareholders or shareholders equity. The deficit of the Scottish Amicable
pension scheme has been allocated 50 per cent to the PAC with-profits fund and 50 per cent to the shareholders. Accordingly, half of
the changes to the scheme liabilities for the changes in the variables shown in the table above would have had an impact on the
Groups results and financial position. The M&G pension scheme is wholly attributable to shareholders.
AA: Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds
Group insurance operations
A reconciliation of the total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds of the Group is as follows:
Insurance operations
UK US Asia Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2010 126,195 48,311 21,911 196,417
Premiums 3,359 5,656 2,068 11,083
Surrenders (2,060) (1,767) (858) (4,685)
Maturities/Deaths (3,546) (418) (206) (4,170)
Net cash flows (2,247) 3,471 1,004 2,228
Shareholders transfers post tax (111) (12) (123)
Investment-related items and other 424) ,196
movements 4,870 ( (250) 4
Foreign exchange translation ,895 ,293
differences (513) 3 1,911 5
Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance 68
Limited 968 9
At 30 June 2010 128,194 55,253 25,532 208,979
Insurance operations
UK US Asia Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2009 115,961 45,361 21,069 182,391
Premiums 3,511 3,850 1,712 9,073
Surrenders (2,008) (2,244) (498) (4,750)
Maturities/Deaths (3,636) (404) (166) (4,206)
Net cash flows (2,133) 1,202 1,048 117
Shareholders transfers post tax (105) (9) (114)
Change in reserving basis in Malaysia (63) (63)
Investment-related items and other (1,316) 884 2,377 1,945
movements
Foreign exchange translation (23) (5,955) (2,682) (8,660)
differences
Disposal of Taiwan agency business (3,508) (3,508)
At 30 June 2009 112,384 41,492 18,232 172,108
The items in the tables above represent the amount attributable to changes in policyholders liabilities and unallocated surplus of
with-profits funds as a result of each of the components listed.
Premiums, surrenders and maturities/deaths represent the amounts impacting policyholder liabilities and may not represent the
total cash paid/received (for example premiums are net of any deductions to cover acquisition costs and claims represents the
policyholder liabilities released).
141
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
AA: Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds continued
i UK insurance operations
A reconciliation of the total policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds of UK insurance operations is as
follows:
Other funds and
subsidiaries
SAIF Annuity
and PAC and other
with-profits Unit-linked long-term
sub-fund liabilities business Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2010 87,495 19,035 19,665 126,195
Premiums 1,624 933 802 3,359
Surrenders (1,428) (619) (13) (2,060)
Maturities/Deaths (2,491) (354) (701) (3,546)
Net cash flows (2,295) (40) 88 (2,247)
Shareholders transfers post tax (111) (111)
Switches (133) 133
Assumption changes (shareholder-backed (64) (64)
business)
Investment-related items and other 3,171 358 1,405 4,934
movements note a
Foreign exchange translation differences (483) (30) (513)
At 30 June 2010 87,644 19,456 21,094 128,194
Other funds and
subsidiaries
SAIF Annuity
and PAC and other
with-profits Unit-linked long-term
sub-fund liabilities business Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2009 82,108 16,318 17,535 115,961
Premiums 1,688 893 930 3,511
Surrenders (1,181) (798) (29) (2,008)
Maturities/Deaths (2,688) (345) (603) (3,636)
Net cash flows (2,181) (250) 298 (2,133)
Shareholders transfers post tax (105) (105)
Switches (135) 135
Investment-related items and other (1,347) 76 (45) (1,316)
movements
Foreign exchange translation (22) (1) (23)
differences
At 30 June 2009 78,318 16,278 17,788 112,384
Note
a Investment-related items and other movements in the SAIF and PAC with-profits sub-fund are mainly as a result of unrealised gains
on bond and property holdings counteracted by unrealised losses on equity securities.
142 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ii US insurance operations
Variable annuity
separate Fixed annuity,
account GIC and other
liabilities business Total
£m £m £m
At 1 January 2010 20,639 27,672 48,311
Premiums 3,524 2,132 5,656
Surrenders (656) (1,111) (1,767)
Maturities/Deaths (116) (302) (418)
Net cash flows note b 2,752 719 3,471
Transfers from general to separate account 496 (496)
Investment-related items and other movements (1,273) 849 (424)
note c
Foreign exchange translation differences note 1,677 2,218 3,895
a
At 30 June 2010 24,291 30,962 55,253
Variable annuity
separate Fixed annuity,
account GIC and other
liabilities business Total
£m £m £m
At 1 January 2009 14,538 30,823 45,361
Premiums 1,698 2,152 3,850
Surrenders (475) (1,769) (2,244)
Maturities/Deaths (108) (296) (404)
Net cash flows note b 1,115 87 1,202
Transfers from general to separate account 234 (234)
Inestment-related items and other movements659 225 884
Foreign exchange translation differences (2,034) (3,921) (5,955)
note a
At 30 June 2009 14,512 26,980 41,492
Notes
a Movements in the period have been translated at an average rate of 1.5253 (half year 2009:1.4928; full year 2009: 1.5656). The
closing balance has been translated at closing rate of 1.4961 (half year 2009:1.6469; full year 2009: 1.6149). Differences upon
retranslation are included in foreign exchange translation differences.
b Net cash flows (premiums less surrenders and maturities/deaths) were £3,471 million for the six months ended 30 June 2010 compared
with £1,202 million for the six months ended 30 June 2009. These continuing strong positive in-flows reflected the increased new
business volumes particularly of variable annuity business, in the period.
c The negative investment-related and other movements in variable annuity separate account liabilities for the half year 2010 are
mainly impacted by market movements in the period. The positive movement in investment and other movements of fixed annuity, GIC and
other business primarily represents interest credited to policyholder accounts.
143
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
AA: Analysis of movement in policyholder liabilities and unallocated surplus of with-profits funds continued iii Asian insurance
operations
With-profits Unit-linked
business liabilities Other Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2010 8,861 9,717 3,333 21,911
Premiums
New business note b 57 492 206 755
In force 423 595 295 1,313
480 1,087 501 2,068
Surrenders (237) (472) (149) (858)
Maturities/Deaths (148) (15) (43) (206)
Net cash flows note b 95 600 309 1,004
Shareholders transfers post tax (12) (12)
Investment-related items and other (47) (320) 117 (250)
movements note d
Foreign exchange translation differences 761 855 295 1,911
note a
Acquisition of UOB Life Assurance 504 3 461 968
Limited note f
At 30 June 2010 10,162 10,855 4,515 25,532
With-profits Unit-linked
business liabilities Other Total
£m £m £m £m
At 1 January 2009 8,094 7,220 5,755 21,069
Premiums
New business note b 58 255 221 534
In force 358 576 244 1,178
416 831 465 1,712
Surrenders (207) (197) (94) (498)
Maturities/Deaths (133) (9) (24) (166)
Net cash flows 76 625 347 1,048
Shareholders transfers post tax (9) (9)
Change in reserving basis in Malaysia (9) (54) (63)
note c
Investment-related items and other 981 1,374 22 2,377
movements
Foreign exchange translation (1,108) (977) (597) (2,682)
differencesnote a
Disposal of Taiwan agency business (724) (2,784) (3,508)
note e
At 30 June 2009 8,034 7,509 2,689 18,232
Notes
a Movements in the period have been translated at the average exchange rate for the six months ended 30 June 2010. The closing
balance has been translated at the closing spot rate as at 30 June 2010. Differences upon retranslation are included in foreign
exchange translation differences.
b New business premiums in the six months ended 30 June 2010 reflect the increase in new business sales.
c The change in reserving basis in Malaysia of £63 million in 2009 reflects the change made following the adoption of a risk based
capital (RBC) approach to the local regulatory reporting in that country.
d The decrease in investment related and other items and other movements for with-profits and unit-linked business for the six months
ended 30 June 2010 are mainly driven from Asian equity market losses in the period.
e The disposal of Taiwan agency business in 2009 reflects the liabilities transferred at the date of disposal. f The acquisition of
UOB Life Assurance Limited reflects the liabilities acquired at the date of acquisition.
144 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AB: Share capital, share premium and own shares
Half year 2010
Number of Share Share
ordinary capital premium
shares £m £m
Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:
At 1 January 2010 2,532,227,471 127 1,843
Shares issued under share option schemes 2,438,918 13
Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends 4,538,026 26
Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares
issued in lieu of cash dividends (26)
At 30 June 2010 2,539,204,415 127 1,856
Half year 2009
Number of Share Share
ordinary capital premium
shares £m £m
Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:
At 1 January 2009 2,496,947,688 125 1,840
Shares issued under share option schemes 1,982
Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends 26,768,575 1 95
Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares (95)
issued in lieu of cash dividends
At 30 June 2009 2,523,718,245 126 1,840
Full year 2009
Number of Share Share
ordinary capital premium
shares £m £m
Issued shares of 5p each fully paid:
At 1 January 2009 2,496,947,688 125 1,840
Shares issued under share option schemes 605,721 3
Shares issued in lieu of cash dividends 34,674,062 2 136
Transfer to retained earnings in respect of shares (136)
issued in lieu of cash dividends
At 31 December 2009 2,532,227,471 127 1,843
Amounts recorded in share capital represent the nominal value of the shares issued. The difference between the proceeds received on
issue of shares, net of issue costs, and the nominal value of shares issued is credited to the share premium account.
At 30 June 2010, there were options outstanding under Save As You Earn schemes to subscribe for 11,327,786 (30 June 2009:
13,190,059; 31 December 2009: 12,230,833) shares at prices ranging from 266 pence to 572 pence (30 June 2009: 266 pence to 572 pence;
31 December 2009: 266 pence to 572 pence) and exercisable by the year 2016 (2009: 2016). In addition, there are 17,292 (30 June 2009:
251,827; 31 December 2009: 17,292) conditional options outstanding under the Restricted Share Plan (RSP) and 7,287,645 shares (30
June 2009: 6,417,149; 31 December 2009:6,644,203) under the Group Performance Share Plan (GPSP) exercisable at £nil cost.
The cost of own shares of £61 million as at 30 June 2010 (30 June 2009: £76 million; 31 December 2009: £75 million) is deducted
from retained earnings. The Company has established trusts to facilitate the delivery of shares under employee incentive plans and
savings-related share option schemes. At 30 June 2010, 4.5 million (30 June 2009: 4.6 million; 31 December 2009: 5.3 million)
Prudential plc shares with a market value of £23 million (30 June 2009: £19 million; 31 December 2009: £34 million) were held in such
trusts. Of this total, 4.1 million (30 June 2009: 4.3 million; 31 December 2009: 4.8 million) shares were held in trusts under
employee incentive plans. In half year 2010, the Company purchased 4.1 million (30 June 2009: 1.1 million; 31 December 2009: 3.4
million) shares in respect of employee incentive plans at a cost of £18.9 million (30 June 2009: £4.0 million; 31 December 2009: £17
million). The maximum number of shares held in the half year 2010 was 5.3 million which was at the beginning of the period.
Of the total shares held in trust, 0.3 million (30 June 2009: 0.3 million; 31 December 2009: 0.5 million) shares were held by a
qualifying employee share ownership trust. These shares are expected to be fully distributed in the future on maturity of
savings-related share option schemes.
The Group has consolidated a number of authorised investment funds where it is deemed to control these funds under IFRS. Some of
these funds hold shares in Prudential plc. The total number of shares held by these funds at 30 June 2010 was 9.7 million (30 June
2009: 11.9 million; 31 December 2009: 10.6 million) and the cost of acquiring these shares of £46 million (30 June 2009: £55 million;
31 December 2009: £51 million) is included in the cost of own shares. The market value of these shares as at 30 June 2010 was £49
million (30 June 2009: £51 million; 31 December 2009: £67 million).
All share transactions were made on an exchange other than the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong.
145
Notes on the IFRS basis results > continued
AC: Contingencies and related obligations
There have been no material changes to the Groups contingencies and related obligations in the six month period ended 30 June 2010.
An update to one of the Groups contingencies and related obligations since 31 December 2009 is set out below.
Jackson owns debt instruments issued by securitisation trusts managed by PPM America. As disclosed in the 2009 Annual Report, as
at 31 December 2009, the support provided by certain forbearance agreements Jackson entered into with the counterparty to certain of
these trusts could potentially expose Jackson to maximum losses of US$750 million, if circumstances allowed the forbearance period to
cease. At 30 June 2010, the support provided by these agreements could potentially expose Jackson to maximum losses of US$512
million. Jackson believes that, so long as the forbearance period continues, the risk of loss under the agreements is remote.
The Group is also involved in other litigation and regulatory issues. Whilst the outcome of such matters cannot be predicted with
certainty, Prudential believes that the ultimate outcome of such litigation and regulatory issues will not have a material adverse
effect on the Groups financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
AD: Related party transactions
The nature of the related party transactions of the Group has not changed from those described in the Groups consolidated financial
statements for the year ended 31 December 2009.
There were no transactions with related parties during the six months ended 30 June 2010 which have had a material effect on the
results or financial position of the Group.
AE: Post balance sheet events
Change to the Groups holding in PruHealth and PruProtect
On 1 August 2010, Discovery Holdings of South Africa, the Groups joint venture partner in its investment in PruHealth and
PruProtect, completed the acquisition of the entire share capital of Standard Life Healthcare, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Standard Life Group, for £138 million. Discovery funded the purchase of the Standard Life Healthcare transaction, and contributed
Standard Life Healthcare to PruHealth as a capital investment on completion. As a result of the transaction, Discovery have increased
their shareholding in both PruHealth and PruProtect from the previous level of 50 per cent to 75 per cent, and Prudentials
shareholding in each case has reduced from 50 per cent of the previous joint venture structure to 25 per cent of the new structure
with the much enlarged business.
The accounting impact of this transaction including any dilution gain or loss is being assessed and will be included with the
Groups full year financial statements.
146 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Statement of directors responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the Half Year Financial Report in
accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Accordingly, the directors confirm that to the best of their knowledge: the condensed consolidated financial statements have been
prepared in accordance with IAS 34, Interim Financial Reporting, as adopted by the European Union; the Half Year Financial Report
includes a fair review of information required by: (a) DTR 4.2.7R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, being an indication of
important events that have occurred during the six months ended 30 June 2010, and their impact on the condensed consolidated
financial statements, and a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the year; and (b)DTR
4.2.8R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, being related party transactions that have taken place during the six months ended
30 June 2010 and that have materially affected the financial position or the performance of the Group during the period and changes
in the related party transactions described in the Groups consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2009.
The current directors of Prudential plc are as listed in the Groups 2009 Annual
Report.
147
Combined IFRS basis results and EEV basis results report > Independent review report to Prudential plc
Introduction
We have been engaged by the Company to review the International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS) basis financial information in the Half Year Financial Report for
the six months ended 30 June 2010 which comprises the Condensed Consolidated Income
Statement, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Condensed Consolidated
Statement of Financial Position, the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
and the related explanatory notes and Total Insurance and Investment Products New
Business information.
We have also been engaged by the Company to review the European Embedded Value (EEV)
basis supplementary information for the six months ended 30 June 2010 which comprises
the Operating Profit Based on Longer-Term Investment Returns, the Summary
Consolidated Income Statement, the Movement in Shareholders Equity, the Summary
Statement of Financial Position and the related explanatory notes.
We have read the other information contained in the Half Year Financial Report and
considered whether it contains any apparent misstatements or material
inconsistencies with the IFRS basis financial information or the EEV basis
supplementary financial information.
This report is made solely to the Company in accordance with the terms of our
engagement to assist the Company in meeting the requirements of the Disclosure and
Transparency Rules (the DTR) of the United Kingdoms Financial Services Authority
(the UK FSA) and also to provide a review conclusion to the Company on the EEV basis
supplementary financial information. Our review has been undertaken so that we might
state to the Company those matters we are required to state to it in this report and
for no other purpose. Our review of the supplementary information has been undertaken
so that we might state to the Company those matters we have been engaged to state in
this report and for no other purpose.
To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to
anyone other than the Company for our review work, for this report, or for the
conclusions we have reached.
Directors responsibilities
The Half Year Financial Report, including the IFRS basis financial information
contained therein, is the responsibility of, and has been approved by, the directors.
The directors are responsible for preparing the Half Year Financial Report in
accordance with the DTR of the UK FSA. The directors have accepted responsibility for
preparing the EEV basis supplementary financial information contained in the Half
Year Financial Report in accordance with the European Embedded Value Principles
issued in May 2004 by the European CFO Forum (the EEV Principles) using the
methodology and assumptions set out in notes 1 and 16 to the EEV basis supplementary
financial information.
The annual IFRS basis financial statements of the Group are prepared in accordance
with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union (EU). The IFRS basis financial
information included in this Half Year Financial Report has been prepared in
accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting as adopted by the EU.
The EEV basis supplementary financial information has been prepared in accordance
with the EEV principles using the methodology and assumptions set out in notes 1 and
16 to the EEV basis supplementary financial information. The supplementary
information should be read in conjunction with the IFRS basis financial information.
Our responsibility
Our responsibility is to express to the Company a conclusion on the IFRS basis
financial information and the EEV basis supplementary financial information in the
Half Year Financial Report based on our review, as set out in our engagement letter
with you dated
23 November 2009. We report to you whether the Prudential EEV condensed set of
financial statements in the Half Year Financial Report have been properly prepared,
in all material respects, in accordance with the Basis of Preparation set out in
note 1 to the EEV basis supplementary financial information.
Scope of review
We conducted our reviews in accordance with International Standard on Review
Engagements (UK and Ireland) 2410 Review of Interim Financial Information Performed
by the Independent Auditor of the Entity issued by the Auditing Practices Board for
use in the UK. A review of interim financial information and supplementary
information consists of making enquiries, primarily of persons responsible for
financial and accounting matters, and applying analytical and other review
procedures. A review is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in
accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) and consequently
does not enable us to obtain assurance that we would become aware of all significant
matters that might be identified in an audit. Accordingly, we do not express an audit
opinion.
Conclusion
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe
that the IFRS basis financial information in the Half Year Financial Report for the
six months ended 30 June 2010 is not prepared, in all material respects, in
accordance with IAS 34 as adopted by the EU and the DTR of the UK FSA.
Based on our review, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe
that the EEV basis supplementary financial information for the six months ended 30
June 2010 is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the EEV
Principles, using the methodology and assumptions set out in notes 1 and 16 to the
EEV basis supplementary financial information.
G Bainbridge for and on behalf of KPMG Audit Plc Chartered
Accountants 8 Salisbury Square London EC4Y 8BB
11 August 2010
148 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
150 Risk factors
154 Corporate governance
154 Significant shareholdings
155 Option schemes
157 Disclosure of interests of directors
161 Shareholder information
163 How to contact us
149
Additional information > Risk factors
A number of factors (risk factors) affect Prudentials operating results and
financial condition and, accordingly, the trading price of its shares. The risk
factors mentioned below should not be regarded as a complete and comprehensive
statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. The information given is as of
the date of this report, is not updated, and any forward looking statements are made
subject to the reservations specified below under Forward Looking Statements.
Risks relating to Prudentials business
Prudentials businesses are inherently subject to market fluctuations and
general economic conditions
Prudentials businesses are inherently subject to market fluctuations and general economic conditions. Uncertain or negative trends
in international economic and investment climates which have adversely affected Prudentials business and profitability could be
repeated, or prolonged, or could worsen. The adverse effects of such trends, including the unprecedented market dislocation across
asset classes and geographical markets witnessed in 2008 and in the first half of 2009, have been and would be felt principally
through the following:
investment impairments or reduced investment returns, as a result of market volatility, could impair Prudentials ability to write
significant volumes of new business which would have a negative impact on its assets under management and profit;
higher credit defaults and wider credit and liquidity spreads resulting in realised and unrealised credit losses, as experienced
during 2008 and 2009, when illiquidity and credit spreads reached all-time highs;
Prudential in the normal course of business enters into a variety of transactions with counterparties, including derivative
transactions. Failure of any of these counterparties to discharge their obligations, or where adequate collateral is not in place,
could have an adverse impact on Prudentials results; and
estimates of the value of financial instruments are difficult because in certain illiquid or closed markets, determining the value
at which financial instruments can be realised is highly subjective. Processes to ascertain value and estimates of value require
substantial elements of judgment, assumptions and estimates (which may change over time). Increased illiquidity also adds to
uncertainty over the accessibility of financial resources and may reduce capital resources as valuations decline.
Although global markets began to stabilise in 2009, interest rates remain low, and
many of the challenges of 2008 persist in the credit markets. New challenges may
continue to emerge.
A significant part of Prudentials shareholders profit is related to bonuses for
policyholders declared on its with-profits products, which are broadly based on
historical and current rates of return on equity, real estate and fixed income
securities, as well as Prudentials expectations of future investment returns. During
2008 and for the first half of 2009, Prudential had to operate in the UK against a
challenging background of unprecedented volatility in capital and equity markets,
interest rates and widespread economic uncertainty. This has led, among other things,
to reduced consumer spending, an increase in unemployment, and consequently reduced
liquidity, requiring the intervention of the Bank of England via a quantitative
easing program to restore credit liquidity in the market.
For some non-unit-linked investment products, in particular those written in some of
the Groups Asian operations, it may not be possible to hold assets which will
provide cash flows to match exactly those relating to policyholder liabilities. This
is particularly true in those countries where bond markets are not developed
and in certain markets where regulated surrender values are set with reference to the
interest rate environment prevailing at the time of policy issue. This results in a
mismatch due to the duration and uncertainty of the liability cash flows and the lack
of sufficient assets of a suitable duration. While this residual asset/liability
mismatch risk can be managed, it cannot be eliminated. Where interest rates in these
markets remain lower than interest rates used to calculate surrender values over a
sustained period, this could have an adverse impact on Prudentials reported profit.
In the US, fluctuations in prevailing interest rates can affect results from Jackson
National Life Insurance Company (Jackson) which has a significant spread-based
business, with the majority of its assets invested in fixed income securities. In
particular, fixed annuities and stable value products written by Jackson expose
Prudential to the risk that changes in interest rates, which are not fully reflected
in the interest rates credited to customers, will reduce spread. The spread is the
difference between the rate of return Jackson is able to earn on the assets backing
the policyholders liabilities and the amounts that are credited to policyholders in
the form of benefit increases, subject to minimum crediting rates. During 2008, the
US financial services industry faced an unprecedented array of challenges: the S&P
500 index fell by 38.5 per cent, government interest rates fell to historic lows, and
global markets experienced a significant increase in volatility. In addition, credit
markets seized up and global credit spreads widened to historic levels. These factors
contributed to substantial increases in Jacksons unrealised losses. Declines in
spread from these products or other spread businesses that Jackson conducts could
have a material impact on its businesses or results of operations. Jackson also
writes a significant amount of variable annuities that offer capital or income
protection guarantees. There could be unforeseen market circumstances where the
derivatives that it enters into to hedge its market risks may not fully offset its
losses, and any cost of the guarantees that remain unhedged will also affect
Prudentials results.
Prudential will be subject to the risk of potential sovereign debt credit
deterioration owing to the amounts of sovereign debt obligations held in its
investment portfolio
Prudential will be subject to the risk of potential sovereign debt credit
deterioration and default. Investment in sovereign debt obligations involves risks
not present in debt obligations of corporate issuers. Investing in such instruments
creates exposure to the direct or indirect consequences of political, social or
economic changes (including changes in governments, heads of states or monarchs) in
the countries in which the issuers are located and the creditworthiness of the
sovereign. In addition, the issuer of the debt or the governmental authorities that
control the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to repay principal or
pay interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt, and Prudential may
have limited recourse to compel payment in the event of a default. A sovereign
debtors willingness or ability to repay principal and to pay interest in a timely
manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, its
relations with its central bank, the extent of its foreign currency reserves, the
availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the
relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the sovereign
debtors policy toward local and international lenders, and the political constraints
to which the sovereign debtor may be subject. Periods of economic uncertainty may
affect the volatility of market prices of sovereign debt to a greater extent than the
volatility inherent in debt obligations of other types of issues. If a sovereign were
to default on its obligations, this could have a material adverse effect on
Prudentials financial condition and results of operations.
150 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Prudential is subject to the risk of exchange rate fluctuations owing to
the geographical diversity of its businesses
Due to their geographical diversity, Prudentials businesses are subject to the risk
of exchange rate fluctuations. Prudentials operations in the US and Asia, which
represent a significant proportion of operating profit and shareholders funds,
generally write policies and invest in assets denominated in local currency. Although
this practice limits the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on local operating
results, it can lead to significant fluctuations in Prudentials consolidated
financial statements upon translation of results into pounds sterling. The currency
exposure relating to the translation of reported earnings is not currently separately
managed. The impact of gains or losses on currency translations is recorded as a
component of shareholders funds within the statement of changes in equity.
Consequently, this could impact on Prudentials gearing ratios (defined as debt over
debt plus shareholders funds).
Prudential conducts its businesses subject to regulation and associated
regulatory risks, including the effects of changes in the laws, regulations,
policies and interpretations and any accounting standards in the markets in which
it operates
Changes in government policy, legislation (including tax) or regulatory
interpretation applying to companies in the financial services and insurance
industries in any of the markets in which Prudential operates, which in some
circumstances may be applied retrospectively, may adversely affect Prudentials
product range, distribution channels, capital requirements and, consequently,
reported results and financing requirements. Also, regulators in jurisdictions in
which Prudential operates may change the level of capital required to be held by
individual businesses or could introduce possible changes in the regulatory framework
for pension arrangements and policies, the regulation of selling practices and
solvency requirements. Furthermore, as a result of the recent interventions by
governments in response to global economic conditions, it is widely expected that
there will be a substantial increase in government regulation and supervision of the
financial services industry, including the possibility of higher capital
requirements, restrictions on certain types of transaction structure, and enhanced
supervisory powers.
Current EU directives, including the EU Insurance Groups Directive (IGD) require
European financial services groups to demonstrate net aggregate surplus capital in
excess of solvency requirements at the group level in respect of shareholder-owned
entities. The test is a continuous requirement, so that Prudential needs to maintain
a somewhat higher amount of regulatory capital at the group level than otherwise
necessary in respect of some of its individual businesses to accommodate, for
example, short-term movements in global foreign exchange rates, interest rates,
deterioration in credit quality and equity markets. The EU is also developing a new
solvency framework for insurance companies, referred to as Solvency II. The new
approach will be based on the concept of three pillars minimum capital
requirements, supervisory review of firms assessment of risk, and enhanced
disclosure requirements and will cover valuations, the treatment of insurance
groups, the definition of capital and the overall level of capital requirements. A
key aspect of Solvency II is that the assessment of risks and capital requirements
will be aligned more closely with economic capital methodologies, and may allow
Prudential to make use of its internal economic capital models, if approved by the
Financial Services Authority (FSA). The Solvency II Directive was formally approved
by a meeting of the EUs Economic and Financial Affairs Council on 10 November 2009.
The European Commission has already initiated the process of developing the detailed
rules that will complement the high-level3Principles of the Directive, referred to as
implementing measures, which are subject to a consultation process and are not
expected to be finalised until late 2011. There is a significant uncertainty
regarding the final outcome of this process. As a result there is a risk that the
effect of the measures finally adopted could be adverse for Prudential, including
potentially a significant increase in capital required to support its business.
Various jurisdictions in which Prudential operates have created investor
compensation schemes that require mandatory contributions from market participants
in some instances in the event of a failure of a market participant. As a major
participant in the majority of its chosen markets, circumstances could arise where
Prudential, along with other companies, may be required to make such contributions.
The Groups accounts are prepared in accordance with current International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRS) applicable to the insurance industry. The International
Accounting Standards Board (IASB) introduced a framework that it described as Phase
I, which permitted insurers to continue to use the statutory basis of accounting for
insurance assets and liabilities that existed in their jurisdictions prior to January
2005. In July 2010, the IASB has published an Exposure Draft for its Phase II on
insurance accounting, which would introduce significant changes to the statutory
reporting of insurance entities that prepare accounts according to IFRS. It is
uncertain whether and how the proposals in the Exposure Draft will become definitive
IFRS and when such changes might take effect.
Any changes or modification of IFRS accounting policies may require a change in the
future results or a restatement of reported results.
European Embedded Value (EEV) basis results are published as supplementary
information by Prudential using principles issued by the European CFO (Chief
Financial Officers) Forum. The EEV basis is a value-based reporting method for
Prudentials long-term business which is used by market analysts and which underpins
a significant part of the key performance indicators used by Prudentials management
for both internal and external reporting purposes. In June 2008, in an effort to
improve the consistency and transparency of embedded value reporting, the CFO Forum
published the Market Consistent Embedded Value (MCEV) Principles. Following a review
of the impact of turbulent market conditions on the MCEV Principles, the CFO Forum
announced in May 2009 the postponement of the mandatory reporting on MCEV basis until
2011 and subsequently, in October 2009, changes in the principles to allow for the
inclusion of a liquidity premium, which is the additional return investors require
for investing in less liquid assets and is a key component in the calculation of the
profitability of UK annuity business. It also announced that it was performing
further work to develop more detailed application guidance to increase consistency
going forward. When the work has been completed, Prudential will consider its
approach to the new Principles. The adoption of the new Principles would give rise to
different embedded value results from those prepared under the application of
European Embedded Value Principles.
151
Additional information > Risk factors > continued
The resolution of several issues affecting the financial services industry could
have a negative impact on Prudentials reported results or on its relations with
current and potential customers
Prudential is, and in the future may be, subject to legal and regulatory actions in
the ordinary course of its business, both in the UK and internationally. This could
be a review of business sold in the past under previously acceptable market
practices at the time, such as the requirement in the UK to provide redress to
certain past purchasers of pension and mortgage endowment policies, changes to the
tax regime affecting products and regulatory reviews on products sold and industry
practices, including, in the latter case, businesses it has closed.
Regulators particularly, but not exclusively, in the US and the UK are moving towards
a regime based on principles-based regulation which brings an element of uncertainty.
These regulators are increasingly interested in the approach that product providers
use to select third-party distributors and to monitor the appropriateness of sales
made by them. In some cases, product providers can be held responsible for the
deficiencies of third-party distributors.
In the US, federal and state regulators have focused on, and continue to devote
substantial attention to, the mutual fund, fixed index, variable annuity, and
insurance product industries. This includes new regulations in respect of the
suitability of broker-dealers sales of certain products. As a result of publicity
relating to widespread perceptions of industry abuses, there have been numerous
regulatory inquiries and proposals for legislative and regulatory reforms.
In Asia, regulatory regimes are developing at different speeds, driven by a
combination of global factors and local considerations. There is a risk that new
requirements are introduced that are retrospectively applied to sales made prior to
their introduction.
Litigation, disputes and regulatory investigations may adversely affect
Prudentials profitability and financial condition
Prudential is, and may be in the future, subject to legal actions, disputes and
regulatory investigations in the ordinary course of its insurance, investment
management and other business operations. These legal actions, disputes and
investigations may relate to aspects of Prudentials businesses and operations that
are specific to Prudential, or that are common to companies that operate in
Prudentials markets. Legal actions and disputes may arise under contracts,
regulations (including tax) or from a course of conduct taken by Prudential, and may
be class actions. Although Prudential believes that it has adequately provided in all
material aspects for the costs of litigation and regulatory matters, no assurance can
be provided that such provisions are sufficient. Given the large or indeterminate
amounts of damages sometimes sought, and the inherent unpredictability of litigation
and disputes, it is possible that an adverse outcome could, from time to time, have
an adverse effect on Prudentials results of operations or cash flows.
Prudentials businesses are conducted in highly competitive environments with
developing demographic trends and continued profitability depends on
managements ability to respond to these pressures and trends
The markets for financial services in the UK, US and Asia are highly competitive,
with several factors affecting Prudentials ability to sell its products and
continued profitability, including price and yields
offered, financial strength and ratings, range of product lines and product quality,
brand strength and name recognition, investment management performance, historical
bonus levels, developing demographic trends and customer appetite for certain
savings products. In some of its markets, Prudential faces competitors that are
larger, have greater financial resources or a greater market share, offer a broader
range of products or have higher bonus rates or claims-paying ratios. Further,
heightened competition for talented and skilled employees and agents with local
experience, particularly in Asia, may limit Prudentials potential to grow its
business as quickly as planned.
In Asia, the Groups principal regional competitors are international financial
companies, including Allianz, AXA, ING, AIA and Manulife. In a number of markets,
local companies have a very significant market presence.
Within the UK, Prudentials principal competitors in the life market include
many of the major retail financial services companies including, in particular,
Aviva, Legal3& General, Lloyds Banking Group and Standard Life.
Jacksons competitors in the US include major stock and mutual insurance companies,
mutual fund organizations, banks and other financial services companies such as AIG,
AXA Financial Inc., Hartford Life Inc., Lincoln National, MetLife and TIAA-CREF.
Prudential believes competition will intensify across all regions in response to
consumer demand, technological advances, the impact of consolidation, regulatory
actions and other factors. Prudentials ability to generate an appropriate return
depends significantly upon its capacity to anticipate and respond appropriately to
these competitive pressures.
Downgrades in Prudentials financial strength and credit ratings could
significantly impact its competitive position and hurt its relationships with
creditors or trading counterparties
Prudentials financial strength and credit ratings, which are used by the market to
measure its ability to meet policyholder obligations, are an important factor
affecting public confidence in most of Prudentials products, and as a result its
competitiveness. Downgrades in Prudentials ratings, as a result of, for example,
decreased profitability, increased costs, increased indebtedness or other concerns,
could have an adverse effect on its ability to market products and retain current
policyholders. In addition, the interest rates Prudential pays on its borrowings are
affected by its debt credit ratings, which are in place to measure the Groups
ability to meet its contractual obligations.
As at 30 June 2010:
Prudentials long-term senior debt is rated as A2 (negative outlook) by Moodys, A+
(negative watch) by Standard3& Poors and A+ (negative watch) by Fitch;
Prudentials short-term debt is rated as P1 by Moodys, A-1 by Standard3& Poors and
F1+ (negative watch) by Fitch; The Prudential Assurance Company Limited long-term
fund is rated Aa2 (negative outlook) by Moodys, AA3(negative watch) by Standard3&
Poors and AA+ (negative watch) by Fitch; Jacksons financial strength is rated AA
(negative watch) by Standard3& Poors and Fitch, A1 (negative outlook) by Moodys,
and A+ (stable) by AM Best.
In addition, changes in methodologies and criteria used by rating agencies could
result in downgrades that do not reflect changes in the general economic
conditions or Prudentials financial condition.
152 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Adverse experience in the operational risks inherent in Prudentials business
could have a negative impact on its results of operations
Operational risks are present in all of Prudentials businesses, including the risk
of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal and external
processes, systems and human error or from external events. Prudentials business is
dependent on processing a large number of complex transactions across numerous and
diverse products, and is subject to a number of different legal and regulatory
regimes. In addition, Prudential outsources several operations, including a
significant part of its UK back office and customer-facing functions as well as a
number of IT functions, resulting in reliance upon the operational processing
performance of its outsourcing partners.
Further, because of the long-term nature of much of the Groups business, accurate
records have to be maintained for significant periods. Prudentials systems and
processes incorporate controls which are designed to manage and mitigate the
operational risks associated with its activities. For example, any weakness in the
administration systems or actuarial reserving processes could have an impact on its
results of operations during the effective period. Prudential has not experienced or
identified any operational risks in its systems or processes during the first half
of 2010, which have subsequently caused, or are expected to cause, a significant
negative impact on its results of operations.
Adverse experience against the assumptions used in pricing products and
reporting business results could significantly affect Prudentials results of
operations
Prudential needs to make assumptions about a number of factors in determining the
pricing of its products and setting reserves and for reporting its capital levels
and the results of its long-term business operations. For example, the assumption
that Prudential makes about future expected levels of mortality is particularly
relevant for its UK annuity business. In exchange for a premium equal to the capital
value of their accumulated pension fund, pension annuity policyholders receive a
guaranteed payment, usually monthly, for as long as they are alive. Prudential
conducts rigorous research into longevity risk, using data from its substantial
annuitant portfolio. As part of its pension annuity pricing and reserving policy,
Prudentials UK business assumes that current rates of mortality continuously
improve over time at levels based on adjusted data from the Continuous Mortality
Investigations (CMI)3as published by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries. If
mortality improvement rates significantly exceed the improvement assumed,
Prudentials results of operations could be adversely affected.
A further example is the assumption that Prudential makes about future expected
levels of the rates of early termination of products by its customers (persistency).
This is particularly relevant to its lines of business other than its UK annuity
business. Prudentials persistency assumptions reflect recent past experience for
each relevant line of business. Any expected deterioration in future persistency is
also reflected in the assumption. If actual levels of future persistency are
significantly lower than assumed (that is, policy termination rates are significantly
higher than assumed), the Groups results of operations could be adversely affected.
Another example is the impact of epidemics and other effects that cause a large
number of deaths. Significant influenza epidemics have occurred three times in the
last century, but the likelihood, timing, or the severity of future epidemics cannot
be predicted. The effectiveness of external parties, including governmental and
non-governmental organisations, in combating the spread and severity of any epidemics
could have a material impact on the Groups loss experience.
In common with other industry participants, the profitability of the Groups
businesses depends on a mix of factors including mortality and morbidity trends,
policy surrender rates, investment performance and impairments, unit cost of
administration and new business acquisition expense.
As a holding company, Prudential is dependent upon its subsidiaries to cover
operating expenses and dividend payments
The Groups insurance and investment management operations are generally conducted
through direct and indirect subsidiaries. As a holding company, Prudentials
principal sources of funds are remittances from subsidiaries, shareholder-backed
funds, the shareholder transfer from long-term funds and any amounts that may be
raised through the issuance of equity, debt and commercial paper. Certain of the
subsidiaries are restricted by applicable insurance, foreign exchange and tax laws,
rules and regulations that can limit the payment of dividends, which in some
circumstances could limit the ability to pay dividends to shareholders or to make
available funds held in certain subsidiaries to cover operating expenses of other
members of the Group.
Prudential operates in a number of markets through joint ventures and other
arrangements with third parties (including in China and India), involving certain
risks that Prudential does not face with respect to its consolidated subsidiaries
Prudential operates, and in certain markets is required by local regulation to
operate, through joint ventures (including in China and India). For the Groups joint
venture operations, management control is exercised jointly with the venture
participants. The level of control exercisable by the Group depends on the terms of
the joint venture agreements, in particular, the allocation of control among, and
continued co-operation between, the joint venture participants. Prudential may also
face financial or other exposure in the event that any of its joint venture partners
fails to meet its obligations under the joint venture or encounters financial
difficulty. In addition, a significant proportion of the Groups product distribution
is carried out through arrangements with third parties not controlled by Prudential
and is dependent upon continuation of these relationships. A temporary or permanent
disruption to these distribution arrangements could adversely affect the results of
operations of Prudential.
Prudentials Articles of Association contain an exclusive jurisdiction provision
Under Prudentials Articles of Association, certain legal proceedings may only be
brought in the courts of England and Wales. This applies to legal proceedings by a
shareholder (in its capacity as such) against Prudential and/or its directors and/or
its professional service providers. It also applies to legal proceedings between
Prudential and its directors and/or Prudential and Prudentials professional service
providers that arise in connection with legal proceedings between the shareholder and
such professional service provider. This provision could make it difficult for US and
other non-UK shareholders to enforce their shareholder rights.
Changes in tax legislation may result in adverse tax consequences
Tax rules, including those relating to the insurance industry, and their
interpretation, may change, possibly with retrospective effect, in any of the
jurisdictions in which Prudential operates. Significant tax disputes with tax
authorities, and any change in the tax status of any member of the Group or in
taxation legislation or its interpretation could affect Prudentials profitability
and ability to provide returns to shareholders or alter the post-tax returns to
shareholders.
153
Additional information > Corporate governance > Significant shareholdings
Corporate governance
The directors confirm that, from the date of listing on 25 May 2010, the Company has
complied with the code provisions of Appendix 14 of the Listing Rules of the Hong
Kong Stock Exchange. The directors also confirm that this Half Year Report has been
reviewed by the Group Audit Committee.
The Company confirms that it has adopted a code of conduct regarding securities
transactions by directors on terms no less exacting than required by Appendix 10
of the Listing Rules of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and that the directors of
the Company have complied with this code of conduct from the date of the listing
to the end of this period.
Significant shareholdings
As at 30 June 2010, Prudential had received notification in accordance with Rule
5.1.2R of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules of the Financial Services Authority
from the following companies, disclosing their direct or indirect interest in three
per cent or more in Prudentials issued ordinary share capital:
Shareholder Interest
Norges Bank 3.08%
Legal and General Group Plc 3.87%
BlackRock, Inc 6.39%
Capital Research and Management Company 13.018%
154 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information > Option schemes
The Group maintains four share option schemes satisfied by the issue of new shares. UK-based executive directors are
eligible to participate in the UK Savings Related Share Option Scheme, and Asia-based executives can participate in
the International Savings Related Share Option Scheme. Dublin-based employees are eligible to participate in the
Prudential International Assurance Sharesave Plan, and Hong Kong-based agents can participate in the Non-employee
Savings Related Share Option Scheme. The schemes allow participants to save towards the exercise of options over
Prudential plc shares, at an option price set at the beginning of the savings period at a discount of up to 20 per
cent to the market price. Participants may save up to £250 per month for three or five years. On maturity at the end
of the set term, participants may exercise their options within six months of the end of the savings period and
purchase Prudential plc shares. If an option is not exercised within six months, participants are entitled to a
refund of their cash contributions plus interest if applicable under the rules. The exercise period of the options
granted may be advanced to an earlier date in certain circumstances, for
example on retirement, and may be extended in certain circumstances, for example on the death of the participant the
personal representative may exercise the options beyond the normal exercise period. Shares are issued to satisfy
options that are exercised. Further details of the schemes and accounting policies are detailed in Note I3 of the
IFRS basis condensed consolidated financial statements in the 2009 Annual Report. No options have been granted to
substantial shareholders, suppliers of goods or services (excluding options granted to agents under the Non-employee
Savings Related Share Option Scheme) or in excess of the individual limit for the relevant scheme. The weighted
average share price of Prudential plc for the period ended 30 June 2010 was £5.53.
The following analyses show the movement in options for each of the option schemes for the six month period ended 30
June 2010. No options were granted in the period.
UK Savings Related Share Option Scheme
Exercise period Number of options
Exercise
price Beginning End of
Date of grant £ Beg End of period Granted Exercised Cancelled Forfeited Lapsed period
09 Oct 2002 3.29 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 27,010 - 20,231 - - 6,779 -
17 Apr 2003 2.66 01 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 273,250 - 204,242 - - - 69,008
01 Oct 2003 3.62 01 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 4,343 - - - - - 4,343
15 Apr 2004 3.46 01 Jun 2009 30 Nov 2009 942 - - - - 942 -
15 Apr 2004 3.46 01 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 17,946 - - - - - 17,946
30 Sep 2004 3.43 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 15,014 - 4,617 - 191 10,206 -
30 Sep 2004 3.43 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 8,430 - - - - - 8,430
12 Apr 2005 3.87 01 Jun 2008 30 Nov 2008 8,121 - - 8,121 - - -
12 Apr 2005 3.87 01 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 49,694 - 32,020 - - 1,792 15.882
12 Apr 2005 3.87 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 12,222 - - - - - 12,222
29 Sep 2005 4.07 01 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 37,483 - 1,645 - - 412 35,426
29 Sep 2005 4.07 01 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 11,172 - - - - - 11,172
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 661 - 661 - - - -
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 15,933 - - - - - 15,933
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Jun 2013 30 Nov 2013 8,169 - - 605 - - 7,564
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 83,095 - 42,821 21,690 - 18,584 -
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 55,381 - - 689 - 1,103 53,589
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2013 31 May 2014 13,325 - - - - - 13,325
26 Apr 2007 5.72 01 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 48,685 - 743 132 - 2,661 45,149
26 Apr 2007 5.72 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 10,284 - - - - - 10,284
26 Apr 2007 5.72 01 Jun 2014 30 Nov 2014 1,118 - - - - 615 503
27 Sep 2007 5.52 01 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 53,257 - - 1,457 - 556 51,244
27 Sep 2007 5.52 01 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 19,960 - - 608 - 1,216 18,136
27 Sep 2007 5.52 01 Dec 2014 31 May 2015 5,249 - - - 265 - 4,984
25 Apr 2008 5.51 01 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 63,326 - 1,064 4,398 - 641 57,223
25 Apr 2008 5.51 01 Jun 2013 30 Nov 2013 35,835 - 442 826 - 975 33,592
25 Apr 2008 5.51 01 Jun 2015 30 Nov 2015 4,836 - - - - - 4,836
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 181,003 - 1,128 6,401 701 9,571 163,202
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2013 31 May 2014 62,042 - 1,349 2,295 1,530 4,772 52,096
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2015 31 May 2016 23,161 - - - - - 23,161
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 3,454,462 - 14,645 88,174 16,685 40,585 3,294,373
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2014 30 Nov 2014 2,099,760 - 1,750 22,569 1,735 15,068 2,058,638
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2016 30 Nov 2016 212,170 - 1,040 7,959 113 4,646 198,412
25 Sep 2009 4.25 01 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 299,769 - 58 14,412 256 - 285,043
25 Sep 2009 4.25 01 Dec 2014 31 May 2015 109,447 - - 1,463 - - 107,984
7,326,555 - 328,456 181,799 21,476 121,124 6,673,700
The weighted average closing price of the shares immediately before the dates on which the options were exercised during the current period was £5.52.
155
Additional information > Option schemes > continued
International Savings Related Share Option Scheme
Exercise period Number of options
Exercise
price Beginning End of
Date of grant £Beg End of period Granted Exercised Cancelled Forfeited Lapsed period
30 Sep 2004 3.43 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 741 - - - - 741 -
12 Apr 2005 3.87 01 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 758 - - - - - 758
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Jun 2009 30 Nov 2009 5,732 - - - - 1,711 4,021
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 820 - - - - - 820
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 26,951 - 16,176 - - 2,129 8,646
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 968 - - - - - 968
26 Apr 2007 5.72 01 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 93,401 - 2,139 - - - 91,262
26 Apr 2007 5.72 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 17,847 - - - - - 17,847
27 Sep 2007 5.52 01 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 44,517 - - 1,108 - - 43,409
25 Apr 2008 5.51 01 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 32,754 - - 2,660 - - 30,094
25 Apr 2008 5.51 01 Jun 2013 30 Nov 2013 4,192 - - - - - 4,192
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 252,450 - 11,410 2,790 - - 238,250
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2013 31 May 2014 6,951 - - - - - 6,951
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 2,105,236 - 47,332 47,771 - - 2,010,133
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2014 30 Nov 2014 116,072 - 6,490 3,830 - - 105,752
25 Sep 2009 4.25 01 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 141,426 - - 4,334 - - 137,092
25 Sep 2009 4.25 01 Dec 2014 31 May 2015 3,529 - - 847 - - 2,682
2,854,345 - 83,547 63,340 - 4,581 2,702,877
The weighted average closing price of the shares immediately before the dates on which the options were exercised during the current period was £5.84.
Prudential International Assurance Sharesave Plan
Exercise period Number of options
Exercise
price Beginning End of
Date of grant £Beg End of period Granted Exercised Cancelled Forfeited Lapsed period
29 Sep 2005 4.07 01 Dec 2008 31 May 2009 495 - - - - 495 -
20 Apr 2006 5.65 01 Jun 2009 30 Nov 2009 1,469 - - - - 1,469 -
28 Sep 2006 4.75 01 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 1,110 - - - - 1,110 -
27 Sep 2007 5.52 01 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 618 - - - - - 618
25 Sep 2008 4.38 01 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 1,520 - - - - - 1,520
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 34,125 - - - - - 34,125
27 Apr 2009 2.88 01 Jun 2014 30 Nov 2014 6,567 - - - - - 6,567
25 Sep 2009 4.25 01 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 4,327 - - - - - 4,327
50,231 - - - - 3,074 47,157
No options granted under this scheme were exercised in the current period.
Non-employee Savings Related Share Option Scheme
Exercise period Number of options
Exercise
price Beginning End of
Date of grant £Beg End of period Granted Exercised Cancelled Forfeited Lapsed period
15 Apr 2004 3.46 1 Jun 2009 30 Nov 2009 11,538 - - - - 11,538 -
12 Apr 2005 3.87 1 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 3,876 - - 3,876 - - -
29 Sep 2005 4.07 1 Dec 2008 31 May 2009 3,659 - - - - 3,659 -
20 Apr 2006 5.65 1 Jun 2009 30 Nov 2009 8,305 - - - - 8,305 -
28 Sep 2006 4.75 1 Dec 2009 31 May 2010 49,824 - 6,051 - - 43,773 -
28 Sep 2006 4.75 1 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 8,577 - - - - - 8,577
26 Apr 2007 5.72 1 Jun 2010 30 Nov 2010 16,947 - - - - - 16,947
26 Apr 2007 5.72 1 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 15,557 - - - - - 15,557
27 Sep 2007 5.52 1 Dec 2010 31 May 2011 19,595 - - - - - 19,595
27 Sep 2007 5.52 1 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 5,748 - - - - - 5,748
25 Apr 2008 5.51 1 Jun 2011 30 Nov 2011 20,951 - - - - - 20,951
25 Apr 2008 5.51 1 Jun 2013 30 Nov 2013 6,934 - - - - - 6,934
25 Sep 2008 4.38 1 Dec 2011 31 May 2012 42,913 - - - - - 42,913
25 Sep 2008 4.38 1 Dec 2013 31 May 2014 17,135 - - - - - 17,135
27 Apr 2009 2.88 1 Jun 2012 30 Nov 2012 919,475 - - 3,502 - - 915,973
27 Apr 2009 2.88 1 Jun 2014 30 Nov 2014 785,662 - - 14,946 - - 770,716
25 Sep 2009 4.25 1 Dec 2012 31 May 2013 51,289 - - - - - 51,289
25 Sep 2009 4.25 1 Dec 2014 31 May 2015 11,717 - - - - - 11,717
1,999,702 - 6,051 22,324 - 67,275 1,904,052
The weighted average closing price of the shares immediately before the dates on which the options were exercised during the current period was £5.53.
156 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information > Disclosure of interests of directors
The following table sets out the share options held by Tidjane Thiam in the UK Savings Related Share Option Scheme as at the end of the period. No other directors hold shares in any
of the option schemes
Exercise period Number of options
Exercise
price Beginning End of
Date of grant £Beg End of period Granted Exercised Cancelled Forfeited Lapsed period
25 Apr 2008 5.5101 June 2011 30 Nov 2011 1,705 - - - - - 1,705
Directors shareholdings
The Company and its directors, chief executives and shareholders have been granted a partial exemption from the disclosure requirements under Part XV of the SFO. As a result of this
exemption, directors, chief executives and shareholders do not have an obligation under the SFO to notify the Company of shareholding interests, and the Company is not required to
maintain a register of directors and chief executives interests under section 352 of the SFO nor a register of interests of substantial shareholders under section 336 of the SFO.
The Company is, however, required to file with the Hong Kong Stock Exchange any disclosure of interests notified to it in the United Kingdom.
The following table sets out the interests of directors in the issued share capital of Prudential including the interests of persons connected with directors for the purposes of DTR
3.1.2 of the Disclosure and Transparency Rules as at the end of the period. This includes shares acquired under the Share Incentive Plan, and deferred annual bonus awards and
interests in shares awarded on appointment as detailed in the table on Other Share Awards on page 159.
At 1 January 2010 At 30 June 2010
Keki Dadiseth 27,489 29,321
Rob Devey 50,575 77,944
Michael Garrett 32,425 35,0x71
Ann Godbehere 11,518 13,329
Bridget Macaskill 23,970 41,923
Clark Manning1 277,273 466,272
Harvey McGrath 296,785 298,345
Michael McLintock 663,818 601,257
Nic Nicandrou 114,653 133,104
Kathleen ODonovan 20,621 22,336
James Ross 18,643 20,061
Barry Stowe1 125,519 316,903
Tidjane Thiam 291,901 271,553
Lord Turnbull 12,562 14,294
Note
1 Shares held partially in the form of ADRs; 1 ADR represents 2 shares.
157
Additional information > Disclosure of interests of directors > continued
Directors outstanding long-term incentive awards
Share-based long-term incentive awards
The section below sets out the outstanding share awards under the Group Performance Share Plan and the awards under additional long-term plans for the executive directors with
regional responsibilities.
Conditional Scrip Conditional
share dividend share
awards Market equivalents awards
outstanding Conditional price at on vested outstanding at
at 1 January awards date of shares 30 June
Year of 2010 in 2010original (Number Rights Rights 2010Date of end of
initial (Number (Numberaward of shares exercised lapsed (Numberperformance
Plan name award of shares) of shares)(pence) released) in 2010 in 2010 of shares)period
Rob Devey
GPSP 2009 120,898 120,898 31 Dec 11
BUPP 2009 120,897 120,897 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 104,089 568.5 104,089 31 Dec 12
BUPP 2010 104,089 568.5 104,089 31 Dec 12
241,795 208,178 449,973
Clark Manning
GPSP 2007 191,140 20,269 191,140 01 31 Dec 09
BUPP 2007 95,570 95,570 01 31 Dec 09
GPSP 2008 182,262 182,262 31 Dec 10
BUPP 2008 91,131 91,131 31 Dec 10
GPSP 2009 468,476 468,4761 31 Dec 11
BUPP 2009 468,476 468,4761 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 302,442 568.5 302,442 31 Dec 12
BUPP 2010 302,442 568.5 302,442 31 Dec 12
1,497,055 604,884 20,269 191,140 95,570 1,815,229
Michael McLintock
GPSP 2007 52,040 5,517 52,040 0 31 Dec 09
GPSP 2008 48,330 48,330 31 Dec 10
GPSP 2009 92,022 92,022 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 66,238 568.5 66,238 31 Dec 12
192,392 66,238 5,517 52,040 206,590
Nic Nicandrou
GPSP 2009 316,328 316,328 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 208,179 568.5 208,179 31 Dec 12
316,328 208,179 524,507
Barry Stowe
GPSP 2007 105,706 11,207 105,706 01 31 Dec 09
BUPP 2007 52,853 3,562 33,614 19,239 01 31 Dec 09
GPSP 2008 107,988 107,988 31 Dec 10
BUPP 2008 53,994 53,994 31 Dec 10
GPSP 2009 196,596 196,5961 31 Dec 11
BUPP 2009 196,596 196,5961 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 129,076 568.5 129,076 31 Dec 12
BUPP 2010 129,076 568.5 129,076 31 Dec 12
713,733 258,152 14,769 139,320 19,239 813,326
Tidjane Thiam
GPSP 2008 314,147 314,147 31 Dec 10
GPSP 2009 299,074 299,074 31 Dec 11
GPSP 2010 510,986 568.5 510,986 31 Dec 12
613,221 510,986 1,124,207
Note
1 The awards in 2009 and 2010 for Clark Manning and Barry Stowe were made in ADRs (1 ADR = 2 Prudential plc shares). The figures in the table are represented in terms of Prudential
shares.
158 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Other share awards
The table below sets out the share awards that have been made to executive directors under their appointment terms and those deferred from annual incentive plan payouts. The number of
shares is calculated using the average share price over the three business days commencing on the day of the announcement of the Groups annual financial results for the relevant
year. For the awards from the 2009 annual incentives, made in 2010, the average share price was 551.5 pence.
Conditional Conditional
share share
awards Condi- Scrip awards Market Market
outstanding tionally dividends Shares outstanding Shares price at price
at 1 Jan awarded accumu- released at 30 June Date of released original at date
Year of 2010 in 2010lated in 2010 2010end of in 2010 date of vesting
initial (Number (Number (Number (Number (Number restricted (Number Date of of award or release
grant of shares) of shares) of shares) of shares) of shares) period of shares) release (pence) (pence)
Rob Devey
Awards under
appointment terms 2009 50,575 50,575 31 Mar 12
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 45,375 636 18,642 27,369 31 Dec 12 18,642 12 Mar 10 552.5 552.5
Clark Manning
Deferred 2006
annual incentive
award 2007 10,064 10,064 0 31 Dec 09 10,064 09 Mar 10 723 519.5
Deferred 2007
annual incentive
award 2008 17,825 424 18,249 31 Dec 10
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 59,792 1,348 61,140 31 Dec 12
Michael McLintock
Deferred 2006
annual incentive
award 2007 90,090 90,090 0 31 Dec 09 90,090 09 Mar 10 723 519.5
Deferred 2007
annual incentive
award 2008 112,071 112,071 0 31 Dec 10 112,071 09 Mar 10 635 519.5
Deferred 2008
annual incentive
award 2009 217,410 217,410 0 31 Dec 11 217,410 09 Mar 10 349.5 519.5
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2007
annual incentive
award 2010 66,029 1,571 67,600 31 Dec 10
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2008
annual incentive
award 2010 128,093 3,049 131,142 31 Dec 11
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 118,165 1,657 48,545 71,277 31 Dec 12 48,545 12 Mar 10 552.5 552.5
159
Additional information > Disclosure of interests of directors > continued
Other share awards continued
Conditional Conditional
share share
awards Condi- Scrip awards Market Market
outstanding tionally dividends Shares outstanding Shares price at price
at 1 Jan awarded accumu- released at 30 June Date of released original at date
Year of 2010 in 2010 lated in 2010 2010end of in 2010 date of vesting
initial (Number (Number (Number (Number (Number restricted (Number Date of of award or release
grant of shares) of shares) of shares) of shares) of shares) period of shares) release (pence) (pence)
Nic Nicandrou
Awards under
appointment
terms 2009 10,616 10,616 0 31 Mar 10 10,616 09 Mar 10 639 519.5
5,889 5,889 0 31 Mar 10 5,889 09 Mar 10 639 519.5
13,898 13,898 31 Mar 11
16,059 16,059 31 Mar 11
68,191 68,191 31 Mar 12
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 41,594 583 17,088 25,089 31 Dec 12 17,088 12 Mar 10 552.5 552.5
Barry Stowe
Awards under
appointment
terms 2006 7,088 7,088 0 01 Jan 10 7,088 09 Mar 10 702 519.5
2,110 2,110 0 01 May 10 2,110 08 Jun 10 702 525.5
Deferred 2007
annual incentive
award 2008 43,777 1,042 44,819 31 Dec 10
Deferred 2008
annual incentive
award 2009 21,064 501 21,5651 31 Dec 11
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 36,386 820 37,206 31 Dec 12
Tidjane Thiam
Awards under
appointment
terms 2008 48,362 48,362 0 31 Mar 10 48,362 09 Mar 10 662 519.5
41,135 41,135 0 31 Mar 10 41,135 09 Mar 10 662 519.5
49,131 49,131 31 Mar 11
Deferred 2008
annual incentive
award 2009 110,403 110,403 0 31 Dec 11 110,403 09 Mar 10 349.5 519.5
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2008
annual incentive
award 2010 65,046 1,548 66,594 31 Dec 11
Restricted share
award based on
Deferred 2009
annual incentive
award 2010 99,851 1,400 41,022 60,229 31 Dec 12 41,022 12 Mar 10 552.5 552.5
Note
1 The Deferred Share Awards in 2010 for Clark Manning and Barry Stowe were made in ADRs (1 ADR = 2 Prudential plc shares). The figures in the table are represented in terms of
Prudential shares.
160 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information > Shareholder information
Financial calendar
Shareholders with
ordinary shares
Shareholders registered standing to the credit
Shareholders registered on the Hong Kong of their CDP
2010 interim date on the UK register branch register securities accounts
Ex dividend date 18 August 2010 19 August 2010 18 August 2010
Record date 20 August 2010 20 August 2010 20 August 2010
Scrip reference price displayed on Companys website 25 August 2010 25 August 2010 25 August 2010
Scrip Mandate deadlines: 2 September 2010 1 September 2010 27 August 2010
Payment of 2010 interim dividend 23 September 2010 24 September 2010 On or about
30 September 2010
Shareholder enquiries
Equiniti Limited Aspect House Spencer Road Lancing
West Sussex BN99 6DA Tel: 0871 384 2035 Fax: 0871 384 2100
Textel: 0871 384 2255 (for hard of hearing)
Calls to 0871 numbers are charged at 8p per minute from a BT landline. Other telephone providers costs
may vary. International shareholders tel: +44 (0) 121 415 7026
Dividend mandates
Shareholders may find it convenient to have their dividends paid directly to their bank or building society
account. If you wish to take advantage of this facility, please call Equiniti and request a Cash Dividend Mandate
form. Alternatively, you may download a form from www.prudential.co.uk/prudential-plc/investors/
shareholder_services/forms
Scrip dividend alternative
The Company is offering a scrip dividend alternative in respect of the 2010 interim dividend.
Once signed up to the evergreen scrip dividend scheme, shareholders will automatically receive shares for all
future dividends in respect of which a scrip alternative is offered. This election can be cancelled at any time
by the shareholder. Further details of the scrip dividend scheme and the timetable for each payment are
available on the Company website at www.prudential.co.uk/prudential-plc/investors
Electronic communications
Shareholders are encouraged to elect to receive shareholder documents electronically by registering with Shareview at
www.shareview.co.uk. This will save on printing and distribution costs, and create environmental benefits. Once you
have registered, you will be sent an email notification whenever shareholder documents are available on our website
and you will be provided with a link to that information. When registering, you will need your shareholder reference
number which can be found on your share certificate or proxy form. The option to receive shareholder documents
electronically is not available to shareholders holding shares through The Central Depository (Pte) Limited (CDP).
Please contact Equiniti if you require any assistance or further information.
161
Additional information > Shareholder information
Share dealing services
The Companys Registrars, Equiniti, offer a postal dealing facility for buying and selling Prudential plc ordinary
shares; please see the Equiniti address on page 161 or telephone 0871 384 2248. They also offer a telephone and
internet dealing service, Shareview, which provides a simple and convenient way of selling Prudential plc shares. For
telephone sales call 0871 384 2020 between 8.30am and 4.30pm, Monday to Friday, and for internet sales log on to
www.shareview.co.uk/dealing
ShareGift
Shareholders who only have a small number of shares whose value makes it uneconomic to sell them may wish to
consider donating them to ShareGift (Registered Charity 1052686). The relevant share transfer form may be
obtained from our website www.prudential.co.uk/prudential-plc/investors/shareholder_ services/forms or from
Equiniti. Further information about ShareGift may be obtained on +44 (0)20 7930 3737 or from www.ShareGift.org.
There are no implications for capital gains tax purposes (no gain or loss) on gifts of shares to charity and it
is also possible to obtain income tax relief.
Hong Kong branch register
The Company operates a branch register for shareholders in Hong Kong. All enquiries regarding Hong Kong branch
register accounts should be directed to Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited, 17M Floor, Hopewell
Centre, 183 Queens Road East, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. Telephone: +852 2862 8555
Singapore shareholder enquiries
Shareholders who have shares standing to the credit of their securities accounts with CDP in Singapore may refer
queries to the CDP at 4 Shenton Way, #02-01, SGX Centre 2, Singapore 068807. Telephone +65 6535 7511. Enquiries
regarding shares held in Depository Agent Sub-accounts should be directed to your Depository Agent or broker.
Irish branch register
The Company operates a branch register for shareholders in Ireland. All enquiries regarding Irish branch register
accounts should be directed to Capita Registrars (Ireland) Limited, Unit 5, Manor Street Business Park, Manor
Street, Dublin 7.
Telephone: + 353 1 810 2400
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs)
The Companys ordinary shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of American Depositary Shares,
evidenced by ADRs and traded under the symbol PUK. Each American Depositary Share represents two ordinary shares.
All enquiries regarding ADR holder accounts should be directed to JP Morgan, the authorised depositary bank, at
JPMorgan Chase & Co, PO Box 64504, St.Paul, MN 55164-0504, USA.
Telephone General +1 800 990 1135 or from outside the US +1 651 453 2128 or log on to
www.adr.com
162 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Additional information > How to contact us
Prudential plc
Laurence Pountney Hill
London EC4R 0HH
Tel +44 (0)20 7220 7588
www.prudential.co.uk
Harvey McGrath
Chairman
Tidjane Thiam
Group Chief Executive
Nic Nicandrou
Chief Financial Officer
Margaret Coltman
Group General Counsel & Company Secretary
Thibaut Le Maire
Group Chief Risk Officer
Priscilla Vacassin
Group Human Resources Director
Stephen Whitehead
Group Communications Director
Prudential UK & Europe
3 Sheldon Square
London W2 6PR
Tel +44 (0)20 7334 9000
www.pru.co.uk
Rob Devey
Chief Executive
M&G
Laurence Pountney Hill
London EC4R 0HH
Tel +44 (0)20 7626 4588
www.mandg.co.uk
Michael McLintock
Chief Executive
Prudential Corporation Asia
13th Floor
One International Finance Centre
1 Harbour View Street
Central
Hong Kong
Tel +852 2918 6300
www.prudentialcorporation-asia.com
Barry Stowe
Chief Executive
Jackson National Life Insurance Company
1 Corporate Way
Lansing
Michigan 48951
USA
Tel +1 517 381 5500
www.jackson.com
Clark Manning
President & Chief Executive Officer
Institutional Analyst and Investor Enquiries
Tel +44 (0)20 7548 3300
E-mail: investor.relations@prudential.co.uk
UK Register Private Shareholder Enquiries
Tel: 0871 384 2035
International shareholders
Tel +44 (0) 121 415 7047
Irish Branch Register Private Shareholder Enquiries
Tel + 353 1 810 2400
Hong Kong Branch Register Private Shareholder Enquiries
Tel +852 2862 8555
The Central Depository (Pte) Limited Shareholder Enquiries
Tel +65 6535 7511
American Depository Receipts Holder Enquiries
Tel + 1 651 453 2128
Media Enquiries
Tel +44 (0)20 7548 3559
E-mail: media.relations@prudential.co.uk
163
164 Prudential plc > 2010 Half Year Financial Report
Prudential public limited company
Incorporated and registered in England and Wales
Registered office
Laurence Pountney Hill London EC4R 0HH Registered number 1397169
www.prudential.co.uk
Prudential plc is a company incorporated, some of whose subsidiaries are authorised and regulated by the Financial
Services Authority (FSA).
Forward-looking statement
This statement may contain certain forward-looking statements with respect to certain of Prudentials plans and its
current goals and expectations relating to its future financial condition, performance, results, strategy and
objectives. Statements containing the words believes, intends, expects, plans, seeks and anticipates, and
words of similar meaning, are forward-looking. By their nature, all forward-looking statements involve risk and
uncertainty because they relate to future events and circumstances which are beyond Prudentials control including
among other things, UK domestic and global economic and business conditions, market related risks such as
fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates, and the performance of financial markets generally; the policies
and actions of regulatory authorities, the impact of competition, inflation, and deflation; experience in particular
with regard to mortality and morbidity trends, lapse rates and policy renewal rates; the timing, impact and other
uncertainties of future acquisitions or combinations within relevant industries; and the impact of changes in
capital, solvency standards or accounting standards, and tax and other legislation and regulations in the
jurisdictions in which Prudential and its affiliates operate. This may fo example result in changes to assumptions
used for determining results of operations or re-estimations of reserves for future policy benefits. As a result,
Prudentials actual future financial condition, performance and results may differ materially from the plans, goals,
and expectations set forth in Prudentials forward-looking statements. Prudential undertakes no obligation to update
the forward-looking statements contained in this statement or any other forward-looking statements it may make,
whether as a result of future events, new information or otherwise except as required pursuant to the Prospectus
Rules, the Listing Rules, the Disclosure and Transparency Rules, the Hong Kong Listing Rules or the SGX-ST listing
rules.
Contains material sourced from responsibly managed forests together with recycled fibre,
certified in accordance with the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council). Carbon saved by Carbon
balancing 7712.5 kgs.
Land preserved by Carbon balancing 1519.4 sq.metres.
Design Further
Print Royle Print
Prudential public limited company
Incorporated and registered in England and Wales Registered office Laurence Pountney Hill London EC4R 0HH
Registered number 1397169 www.prudential.co.uk
Prudential plc is a holding company, some of whose subsidiaries are authorised and regulated by the
Financial Services Authority (FSA).