UNITED STATES
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011
Or

 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                     to
Commission File Number: 001-32417
Education Realty Trust, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland
 
20-1352180
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
     
530 Oak Court Drive, Suite 300, Memphis, Tennessee
 
38117
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (901) 259-2500
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨
Accelerated filer x
   
Non-accelerated filer ¨
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company ¨
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
 
As of August 5, 2011, the latest practicable date, the Registrant had outstanding 72,446,836 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share.

 
 

 

EDUCATION REALTY TRUST, INC.
FORM 10-Q
QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2011
TABLE OF CONTENTS

   
Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
   
     
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
  3
     
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010
  3
     
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
  4
     
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
  5
     
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
  6
     
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
  7
     
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
  9
     
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
  27
     
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
  47
     
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
  48
     
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
   
     
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
  48
     
Item 1A. Risk Factors
  48
     
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
  49
     
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
  50
     
Item 4. [Removed and Reserved]
  50
     
Item 5. Other Information
  50
     
Item 6. Exhibits
  50
     
Signatures
  51
 
 
2

 

Part I — Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

   
June 30, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
ASSETS
           
             
Assets:
           
Collegiate housing properties, net
  $ 661,535     $ 652,603  
Collegiate housing properties – held for sale
          45,044  
Assets under development
    11,527       1,146  
Corporate office furniture, net
    634       855  
Cash and cash equivalents
    71,289       6,958  
Restricted cash
    3,560       4,791  
Student contracts receivable, net
    443       309  
Receivable from managed third parties
    290       527  
Notes receivable
    18,000       9,872  
Goodwill and other intangibles, net
    3,133       3,284  
Other assets
    12,872       11,291  
Total assets
  $ 783,283     $ 736,680  
                 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
               
                 
Liabilities:
               
Mortgage and construction loans, net of unamortized premium/discount
  $ 329,989     $ 367,631  
Revolving line of credit
          3,700  
Accounts payable
    3,019       984  
Accrued expenses
    19,327       17,340  
Deferred revenue
    9,355       12,243  
Total liabilities
    361,690       401,898  
                 
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 6)
           
                 
Redeemable noncontrolling interests
    10,053       10,039  
                 
Equity:
               
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 71,990,538 and 58,657,056 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively
    720       587  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
           
Additional paid-in capital
    500,283       414,850  
Accumulated deficit
    (89,463 )     (90,694 )
Total equity
    411,540       324,743  
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 783,283     $ 736,680  
 
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
3

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

   
Six months
   
Six months
 
   
ended
   
ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenues:
           
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
  $ 52,312     $ 47,837  
Third-party development consulting services
    2,349       1,341  
Third-party management services
    1,579       1,573  
Operating expense reimbursements
    3,873       3,865  
Total revenues
    60,113       54,616  
Operating expenses:
               
Collegiate housing leasing operations
    22,532       21,049  
Development and management services
    2,647       2,583  
General and administrative
    5,026       5,753  
Depreciation and amortization
    13,845       11,848  
Ground lease expense
    2,732       165  
Reimbursable operating expenses
    3,873       3,865  
Total operating expenses
    50,655       45,263  
Operating income
    9,458       9,353  
Nonoperating expenses:
               
Interest expense
    9,384       9,875  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    568       624  
Interest income
    (92 )     (227 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    351        
Total nonoperating expenses
    10,211       10,272  
Loss before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities, income taxes and discontinued operations
    (753 )     (919 )
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
    (18 )     86  
Loss before income taxes and discontinued operations
    (771 )     (833 )
Income tax benefit
    (218 )     (177 )
Loss from continuing operations
    (553 )     (656 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1,935       435  
Net income (loss)
    1,382       (221 )
                 
Less: Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interest
    151       199  
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
  $ 1,231     $ (420 )
                 
Earnings per share information:
               
Income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. common stockholders per share — basic and diluted:
               
Continuing operations
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.01 )
Discontinued operations
    0.03       0.00  
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. common stockholders per share
  $ 0.02     $ (0.01 )
                 
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding – basic and diluted
    71,527       56,847  
                 
Amounts attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. – common stockholders:
               
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax
  $ (680 )   $ (847 )
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
    1,911       427  
Net income (loss)
  $ 1,231     $ (420 )
Distributions per share of common stock
  $ 0.10     $ 0.10  

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
4

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)

   
Three months
   
Three months
 
   
ended
   
ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Revenues:
           
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
  $ 25,613     $ 23,335  
Third-party development consulting services
    1,073       648  
Third-party management services
    745       707  
Operating expense reimbursements
    2,018       1,957  
Total revenues
    29,449       26,647  
Operating expenses:
               
Collegiate housing leasing operations
    11,271       10,375  
Development and management services
    1,316       1,270  
General and administrative
    2,600       2,766  
Depreciation and amortization
    7,106       5,947  
Ground lease expense
    1,366       83  
Reimbursable operating expenses
    2,018       1,957  
Total operating expenses
    25,677       22,398  
Operating income
    3,772       4,249  
Nonoperating expenses:
               
Interest expense
    4,642       4,888  
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    284       312  
Interest income
    (47 )     (110 )
Total nonoperating expenses
    4,879       5,090  
Loss before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities, income taxes and discontinued operations
    (1,107 )     (841 )
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
    (23 )     7  
Loss before income taxes and discontinued operations
    (1,130 )     (834 )
Income tax benefit
    (371 )     (102 )
Loss from continuing operations
    (759 )     (732 )
Income from discontinued operations
    1,275       130  
Net income (loss)
    516       (602 )
                 
Less: Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest
    (60 )     (12 )
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
  $ 576     $ (590 )
                 
Earnings per share information:
               
Income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. common stockholders per share — basic and diluted:
               
Continuing operations
  $ (0.01 )   $ (0.01 )
Discontinued operations
    0.02       0.00  
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. common stockholders per share
  $ 0.01     $ (0.01 )
                 
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding – basic and diluted
    72,209       56,933  
                 
Amounts attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc. – common stockholders:
               
Loss from continuing operations, net of tax
  $ (683 )   $ (717 )
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
    1,259       127  
Net income (loss)
  $ 576     $ (590 )
Distributions per share of common stock
  $ 0.05     $ 0.05  

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
5

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
(Unaudited)

   
 
   
Additional
                   
   
Common Stock
   
Paid-In
   
Accumulated
   
Noncontrolling
       
   
Shares
   
Amount
   
Capital
   
Deficit
   
Interest
   
Total
 
Balance, December 31, 2009
    56,705,605     $ 567     $ 410,455     $ (48,636 )   $ 2,779     $ 365,165  
Common stock issued to officers and directors
    34,000             336                   336  
Common stock issued to retire PIUs
    50,826       1       196                   197  
Amortization of restricted stock
    32,857             329                   329  
PIUs forfeited and redeemed
                2,286             (2,767 )     (481 )
Cash dividends
                (5,684 )           (22 )     (5,706 )
Offering costs
                (122 )                 (122 )
Net income (loss)
                      (420 )     10       (410 )
Balance, June 30, 2010
    56,823,288     $ 568     $ 407,796     $ (49,056 )   $     $ 359,308  
                                                 
Balance, December 31, 2010
    58,657,056     $ 587     $ 414,850     $ (90,694 )   $     $ 324,743  
Common stock issued to officers and directors
    44,280             360                   360  
Proceeds from issuances of common stock, net of offering costs
    13,235,833       132       91,683                   91,815  
Amortization of restricted stock
    53,369       1       608                   609  
Cash dividends
                (7,218 )                 (7,218 )
Net income
                      1,231             1,231  
Balance, June 30, 2011
    71,990,538     $ 720     $ 500,283     $ (89,463 )   $     $ 411,540  

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
6

 

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
(Unaudited)

   
Six months
   
Six months
 
   
ended
   
ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Operating activities:
           
Net income (loss)
  $ 1,382     $ (221 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    13,845       11,848  
Depreciation included in discontinued operations
    501       3,043  
Deferred tax (benefit) expense
    (91 )     5  
Loss on disposal of assets
    2       14  
Gain on sale of collegiate housing property
    (2,388 )      
Loss on extinguishment of debt
    351        
Loss on extinguishment of debt included in discontinued operations
    406        
Noncash rent expense related to the straight-line adjustment for long-term ground leases
    2,106        
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    568       624  
Amortization of deferred financing costs included in discontinued operations
    2       44  
Loss on interest rate cap
    5       231  
Amortization of unamortized debt premiums
    (195 )     (199 )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated entities
    194       227  
Noncash compensation expense related to stock-based incentive awards
    753       382  
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
    18       (86 )
Change in operating assets and liabilities
    (2,475 )     (3,409 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
    14,984       12,503  
Investing activities:
               
Property acquisitions, net of cash acquired
    (38,950 )      
Purchase of corporate furniture and fixtures
    (22 )     (43 )
Restricted cash
    1,231       (588 )
Investment in collegiate housing properties
    (10,722 )     (8,275 )
Proceeds from sale of collegiate housing properties
    57,515        
Payments on notes receivable
    39       2,078  
Loan to participating development
    (8,128 )      
Earnest money deposits
    (325 )      
Investment in assets under development
    (10,381 )      
Investment in unconsolidated entities
          (40 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (9,743 )     (6,868 )
Financing activities:
               
Payment of mortgage and construction notes
    (21,352 )     (6,923 )
Payment of offering costs
    (472 )     (122 )
Debt refund costs
    46       6  
Debt extinguishment costs
    (351 )      
Repayments of line of credit
    (3,700 )      
Proceeds from common stock offering
    92,274        
Redemption of noncontrolling interests
          (167 )
Dividends and distributions paid to common and restricted stockholders
    (7,218 )     (5,684 )
Dividends and distributions paid to noncontrolling interests
    (137 )     (566 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    59,090       (13,456 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
    64,331       (7,821 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    6,958       31,169  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 71,289     $ 23,348  

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
7

 

   
Six months
   
Six months
 
   
ended
   
ended
 
   
June 30,
   
June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
           
Interest paid
  $ 9,849     $ 10,830  
Income taxes paid
  $ 182     $ 179  

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
8

 

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

1. Organization and description of business

Education Realty Trust, Inc. (the “Trust”) was organized in the state of Maryland on July 12, 2004 and commenced operations as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) effective with the initial public offering (the “Offering”) that was completed on January 31, 2005. Under the Trust’s Articles of Incorporation, as amended, the Trust is authorized to issue up to 200 million shares of common stock and 50 million shares of preferred stock, each having a par value of $0.01 per share.

The Trust operates primarily through a majority-owned Delaware limited partnership, Education Realty Operating Partnership, LP (the “Operating Partnership”). The Operating Partnership owns, directly or indirectly, interests in collegiate housing communities located near major universities in the United States.

The Trust also provides real estate facility management, development and other advisory services through the following subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership:

 
Allen & O’Hara Education Services, Inc. (“AOES”), a Delaware corporation performing collegiate housing management activities.

 
Allen & O’Hara Development Company, LLC (“AODC”), a Delaware limited liability company providing development consulting services for third party collegiate housing communities.

The Trust is subject to the risks involved with the ownership and operation of residential real estate near major universities throughout the United States. The risks include, among others, those normally associated with changes in the demand for housing by students at the related universities, competition for tenants, creditworthiness of tenants, changes in tax laws, interest rate levels, the availability of financing, and potential liability under environmental and other laws.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation and principles of consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Trust represent the assets and liabilities and operating results of the Trust and its majority owned subsidiaries.

The Trust, as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, has the responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the Operating Partnership, and the limited partners of the Operating Partnership, in such capacity, have no authority to transact business for, or participate in the management activities of the Operating Partnership. Accordingly, the Trust accounts for the Operating Partnership using the consolidation method.

All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Interim financial information

The accompanying unaudited interim financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair presentation of the Trust’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for such periods. Because of the seasonal nature of the business, the operating results and cash flows are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim periods or for the full fiscal year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Trust’s consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Trust’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

 
9

 

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions are used by management in determining the recognition of third-party development consulting services revenue under the percentage of completion method, useful lives of collegiate housing assets, the valuation of goodwill, the initial valuations and underlying allocations of purchase price in connection with collegiate housing property acquisitions, the determination of fair value for impairment assessments, and in the recording of the allowance for doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.  In the condensed consolidated statements of operations, development and management services expenses had previously been included in general and administrative expenses and ground leases had previously been included in collegiate housing leasing operations expenses.  The reclassification of development and management services expenses and ground leases to separate presentation in our statement of operations was not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements and had no impact on our previously reported net income, changes in equity, financial position or net cash flows from operations.

Cash and cash equivalents

All highly-liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered cash equivalents. Restricted cash is excluded from cash for the purpose of preparing the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. The Trust maintains cash balances in various banks. At times, the amounts of cash may exceed the amount the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insures.  As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had $39.6 million of cash on deposit that was uninsured by the FDIC or in excess of the FDIC limits.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash includes escrow accounts held by lenders for the purposes of paying taxes, insurance, principal and interest and funding capital improvements.

Distributions

The Trust pays regular quarterly cash distributions to stockholders. These distributions are determined quarterly by the Board of Directors (“Board”) based on the operating results, economic conditions, capital expenditure requirements, the REIT annual distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), leverage covenants imposed by our revolving credit facility and other debt documents, and any other matters the Board deems relevant.

Collegiate housing properties

Land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, and furniture, fixtures and equipment are recorded at cost. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over 15 to 40 years, land improvements are depreciated over 15 years and furniture, fixtures, and equipment are depreciated over 3 to 7 years. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes over the estimated useful life.

 
10

 

Acquired collegiate housing communities’ results of operations are included in the Trust’s results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition.  Appraisals, estimates of cash flows and valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and identifiable intangibles such as amounts related to in-place leases.

Management assesses impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Management uses an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset based on its intended use to determine whether the carrying value is recoverable. If the Trust determines that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset is estimated and an impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value. Management estimates fair value using discounted cash flow models, market appraisals if available, and other market participant data.

When a collegiate housing community has met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the fair value less cost to sell such asset is estimated. If the fair value less cost to sell the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the estimated loss. Depreciation expense is no longer recorded once a collegiate housing community has met the held for sale criteria. Operations of collegiate housing communities that are sold or classified as held for sale are recorded as part of discontinued operations for all periods presented. During the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, twelve properties were classified as part of discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. Five of these properties were sold in the fourth quarter of 2010 and the remaining 7 were sold in 2011 (see Note 8).

Repairs, maintenance and major improvements

The costs of ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred. Major improvements that extend the life of an asset are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. Planned major repair, maintenance and improvement projects are capitalized when performed. In some circumstances, the lenders require the Trust to maintain a reserve account for future repairs and capital expenditures. These amounts are classified as restricted cash in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as the funds are not available for current use.

Investment in unconsolidated entities

The Operating Partnership accounts for its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, limited liability companies and limited partnerships using the equity method whereby the cost of an investment is adjusted for the Trust’s share of earnings of the respective investment reduced by distributions received. The earnings and distributions of the unconsolidated joint ventures, limited liability companies and limited partnerships are allocated based on each owner’s respective ownership interests. These investments are classified as other assets or accrued expenses, depending on whether the distributions exceed the Trust’s contributions and share of earnings in the joint ventures, in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred financing costs

Deferred financing costs represent costs incurred in connection with acquiring debt facilities. These costs are amortized over the terms of the related debt using a method that approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Common stock issuances and offering costs

Specific incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of common stock are charged against the gross proceeds of the related issuance. Accordingly, underwriting commissions and other stock issuance costs are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of changes in equity.

On January 10, 2011, the Trust completed a follow-on offering of 13.2 million shares of its common stock, which includes 1.7 million shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to an overallotment option.  The Trust received approximately $91.7 million in net proceeds from the offering after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering expenses.  The Trust is using the net proceeds to repay debt, fund its development pipeline, fund potential future acquisitions and for general corporate purposes.

 
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On June 2, 2010, the Trust entered into two equity distribution agreements.  Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements, the Trust may issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering amount of up to $50 million. Sales of the common stock will depend upon market conditions and other factors to be determined by the Trust and may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Trust has no obligation to sell any of the common stock, and may at any time suspend offers under the agreements or terminate the agreements. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had sold 1.8 million shares of common stock under the equity distribution program for net proceeds of approximately $12.4 million.

On May 19, 2010, the Trust’s stockholders approved the Education Realty Trust, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) which became effective on July 1, 2010. Pursuant to the ESPP, all employees of the Trust are eligible to make periodic purchases of common stock through payroll deductions.  Subject to the discretion of the compensation committee of the Board, the purchase price per share of common stock purchased by employees under the ESPP is 85% of the fair market value on the applicable purchase date.  The Trust reserved 300,000 shares of common stock for sale under the ESPP.  The aggregate cost of the ESPP (generally the 15% discount on the shares purchased) is recorded by the Trust as a period expense. Total compensation expense relating to the ESPP was $13,395 for the six months ended June 30, 2011.

Debt premiums/discounts

Differences between the estimated fair value of debt and the principal value of debt assumed in connection with collegiate housing property acquisitions are amortized over the term of the related debt as an offset to interest expense using the effective interest method.

Income taxes

The Trust qualifies as a REIT under the Code. The Trust is generally not subject to federal, state and local income taxes on any of its taxable income that it distributes if it distributes at least 90% of its taxable income for each tax year to its stockholders and meets certain other requirements. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Trust fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Trust will be subject to federal, state and local income taxes (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income.

The Trust has elected to treat its management company, AOES, as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). The TRS is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. AOES manages the Trust’s non-REIT activities which include management services and development services, which are provided through AODC. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse.

The Trust had no unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2011 and 2010.  As of June 30, 2011, the Trust did not expect to record any unrecognized tax benefits.  The Trust, and its subsidiaries, file federal and state income tax returns. As of June 30, 2011, open tax years generally include tax years for 2007, 2008 and 2009. The Trust’s policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in general and administrative expenses.  At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the Trust had no interest or penalties recorded related to unrecognized tax benefits.

Noncontrolling interests

The units of limited partnership of the Operating Partnership (“Operating Partnership Units”), units of limited partnership of University Towers Operating Partnership, LP (“University Towers Operating Partnership Units”)  and profits interest units (“PIU”) (see Note 9) are referred to as noncontrolling interests.  The Trust follows the guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) regarding the classification and measurement of redeemable securities.  The Operating Partnership Units and the University Towers Operating Partnership Units are redeemable at the option of the holder and essentially have the same characteristics as common stock as they participate in net income and distributions. Accordingly, the Trust determined that the Operating Partnership Units and the University Towers Operating Partnership Units met the requirements to be classified outside of permanent equity and are therefore classified as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.  The value of redeemable noncontrolling interests is reported at the greater of fair value or historical cost at the end of each reporting period.

 
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The PIUs were determined to be noncontrolling interests that were not redeemable and accordingly these amounts were classified in equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets and statements of changes in equity.  The PIU holder’s share of income or loss was reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations as net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. During June 2010, all of the outstanding PIUs were redeemed by the Trust for $0.2 million of cash and 50,826 shares of common stock that had a market value of $0.3 million (see Note 9).

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to shares of common stock by weighted average shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is calculated similarly, except that it includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of potentially dilutive securities. The Trust follows the authoritative guidance regarding the determination of whether certain instruments are participating securities.  All unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are included in the computation of earnings per share under the two-class method.  This results in shares of unvested restricted stock being included in the computation of basic earnings per share for all periods presented.

As of June 30, 2011 and 2010, the following potentially dilutive securities were outstanding but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effects of their inclusion would be anti-dilutive:

Operating Partnership Units
    903,738  
University Towers Operating Partnership Units
    207,257  
Total potentially dilutive securities
    1,110,995  

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators for the basic and diluted earnings per share computation is not presented, as the Trust reported a loss from continuing operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011and 2010, and therefore the effect of the inclusion of all potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive when computing diluted earnings per share; thus, the computation for both basic and diluted earnings per share is the same.

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment as of December 31, and is tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. The accumulated impairment loss recorded by the Trust as of December 31, 2008 is $0.4 million. No additional impairment has been recorded through June 30, 2011. The carrying value of goodwill was $3.1 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, of which $2.1 million was recorded on the management services segment and $0.9 million was recorded on the development consulting services segment.  Goodwill is not subject to amortization.  Other intangible assets generally include in-place leases and management contracts acquired in connection with acquisitions and are amortized over the estimated life of the lease/contract term.  The carrying value of other intangible assets was $0.1 million and $0.2 million at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Comprehensive income

The Trust follows the authoritative guidance issued by the FASB relating to the reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. For all periods presented, comprehensive income is equal to net income.

 
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Revenue recognition

The Trust recognizes revenue related to leasing activities at the collegiate housing communities owned by the Trust, management fees related to managing third-party collegiate housing communities, development consulting fees related to the general oversight of third-party collegiate housing development and operating expense reimbursements for payroll and related expenses incurred for third-party collegiate housing communities managed by the Trust.

Collegiate housing leasing revenue — Collegiate housing leasing revenue is comprised of all activities related to leasing and operating the collegiate housing communities and includes revenues from leasing apartments by the bed, food services, parking lot rentals and providing certain ancillary services. This revenue is reflected in collegiate housing leasing revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment schedules that vary from annual to monthly payments. Generally, the Trust requires each executed leasing contract to be accompanied by a signed parental guarantee. Receivables are recorded when billed. Revenues and related lease incentives and nonrefundable application and service fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contracts. At certain collegiate housing facilities, the Trust offers parking lot rentals to the tenants. The related revenues are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related agreement.

Third-party development services revenue — The Trust provides development consulting services in an agency capacity with third parties whereby the fee is determined based upon the total construction costs. Total fees vary from 3-5% of the total estimated costs, and the Trust typically receives a portion of the fees up front. These fees, including the up-front fee, are recognized using the percentage of completion method in proportion to the contract costs incurred by the owner over the course of construction of the respective projects.  Occasionally, the development consulting contracts include a provision whereby the Trust can participate in project savings resulting from successful cost management efforts. These revenues are recognized once all contractual terms have been satisfied and no future performance requirements exist. This typically occurs after construction is complete.  For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, there was $0.5 million and no revenue recognized, respectively, related to cost savings agreements on development projects.

On July 14, 2010, the Trust entered into definitive agreements for the development, financing and management of a $60.7 million, 20-story, 572-bed graduate collegiate housing complex at the Science + Technology Park at Johns Hopkins Medical Institute.  The Trust will develop and manage the building, which will be constructed on land owned by Johns Hopkins University and leased to a subsidiary of East Baltimore Development, Inc., a nonprofit partnership of private and public entities dedicated to Baltimore’s urban revitalization. Under terms of the agreements, the Trust will (a) receive development and construction oversight fees and reimbursement of pre-development expenses, (b) invest in the form of an $18.0 million second mortgage, (c) receive a $3.0 million fee for providing a repayment guarantee of the construction first mortgage, and (d) receive a 10-year management contract. As of June 30, 2011, the note receivable for the second mortgage had a balance of $18.0 million and is recorded in notes receivable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. Due to its financing commitments to the project along with other factors, the Trust will not recognize the development services revenue, guarantee fee revenue and interest income earned on the second mortgage until the second mortgage is repaid. If the construction loan and second mortgage had been repaid prior to June 30, 2011, the Trust would have recognized development services revenue net of costs of $1.1 million, guarantee fee revenue of $3.0 million and interest income of $1.0 million since the commencement of the project.

Third-party management services revenue — The Trust enters into management contracts to manage third-party collegiate housing communities. Management revenues are recognized when earned in accordance with each management contract. Incentive management fees are recognized when the incentive criteria have been met.

Operating expense reimbursements — The Trust pays certain payroll and related costs to operate third-party collegiate housing communities that are managed by the Trust. Under the terms of the related management agreements, the third-party property owners reimburse these costs. The amounts billed to the third-party owners are recognized as revenue.

 
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Costs related to development consulting services

Costs associated with the pursuit of third-party development consulting contracts are expensed as incurred, until such time that management has been notified of a contract award. At such time, the reimbursable costs are recorded as receivables and are reflected as other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Costs directly associated with internal development projects are capitalized as part of the cost of the project.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance resulting in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Consequently some of the amendments clarify the FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and is applied prospectively. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance on the interpretation of pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendments in the guidance specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and is applied prospectively. The adoption had no material impact on the Trust’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance which modifies Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with the existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and is applied prospectively. The adoption had no impact on the Trust’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

3. Investments in unconsolidated entities

As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had investments, directly or indirectly, in the following active unconsolidated joint ventures and limited liability companies that are accounted for under the equity method:

 
University Village-Greensboro LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, 25% owned by the Operating Partnership;

 
WEDR Riverside Investors V, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, 10% owned by the Operating Partnership;

 
APF EDR, LP, a Delaware limited partnership, 10% owned by the Operating Partnership;

 
APF EDR Food Services LP, a Delaware limited partnership, 10% owned by the Operating Partnership; and

 
WEDR Stinson Investors V, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, 10% owned by the Operating Partnership.
 
 
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The following is a summary of financial information for the Trust’s unconsolidated joint ventures, limited liability companies and limited partnerships for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:

   
2011
   
2010
 
  
 
(In thousands)
 
Results of Operations:
               
Revenues
  $ 5,654     $ 8,005  
Net income (loss)
    (338 )     230  
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
  $ (18 )   $ 86  

These entities primarily own collegiate housing communities which are managed by the Trust.  As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Trust had $0.6 million and $0.1 million in investments in unconsolidated entities classified in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had $0.7 million in liabilities related to investments in unconsolidated entities where distributions exceeded contributions and equity in earnings; therefore, these investments are classified in accrued expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet (see Note 2).

4. Debt

Revolving credit facility

On November 20, 2009, the Operating Partnership entered into a Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Second Amended Revolver”). The Second Amended Revolver amended and restated the existing secured revolving credit facility dated March 30, 2006.  The previous facility had a maximum availability of $100 million and was scheduled to mature on March 30, 2010.  The Second Amended Revolver has a maximum availability of $95 million and matures on November 20, 2012, provided that the Operating Partnership may extend the maturity date for one year subject to certain conditions.

Availability under the Second Amended Revolver is limited to a “borrowing base availability” equal to the lesser of (i) 60% of the property asset value (as defined in the agreement) of the properties securing the Second Amended Revolver and (ii) the loan amount, which would produce a debt service coverage ratio of no less than 1.40. As of June 30, 2011, our borrowing base was $43.9 million, we had no amounts outstanding under the Second Amended Revolver, and we had a letter of credit outstanding of $1.5 million (see Note 6); thus, our remaining borrowing base availability was $42.4 million.

The Trust serves as the guarantor for any funds borrowed by the Operating Partnership under the Second Amended Revolver. Additionally, the Second Amended Revolver is secured by a cross-collateralized, first mortgage lien on five otherwise unmortgaged properties. The interest rate per annum applicable to the Second Amended Revolver is, at the Operating Partnership’s option, equal to a base rate or the greater of 2.0% or the London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus an applicable margin based upon our leverage.

The Second Amended Revolver contains customary affirmative and negative covenants and contains financial covenants that, among other things, require the Trust and its subsidiaries to maintain certain minimum ratios of “EBITDA” (earnings before payment or charges of interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) as compared to interest expense and total fixed charges. The financial covenants also include consolidated net worth and leverage ratio tests. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust was in compliance with all covenants discussed above.

The Trust is prohibited from making distributions unless either of the following conditions is met: (a) after giving effect to the distribution, the total leverage ratio is less than or equal to 65% prior to November 20, 2012, and less than or equal to 60% thereafter; or (b) the distribution, when considered along with all other distributions for the last three quarters, does not exceed 90% of funds from operations for the applicable period.

During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust used $3.7 million of the proceeds received in connection with the stock offering that was conducted in January 2011 (see Note 2) to repay the outstanding balance of the Second Amended Revolver.

 
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Mortgage and construction debt

As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had outstanding mortgage and construction indebtedness of $329.8 million (excluding unamortized debt premium of $0.2 million).  Of the total, $23.5 million relates to construction debt that is disclosed below and $115.3 million pertains to outstanding mortgage debt that is secured by the underlying collegiate housing properties or leaseholds bearing interest at fixed rates ranging from 4.92% to 6.97%.  The remaining $191.0 million of the outstanding mortgage indebtedness relates to the Fannie Mae master secured credit facility that the Trust entered into on December 31, 2008 and expanded on December 2, 2009 (the “Master Secured Credit Facility”), which bears interest at a weighted average fixed rate of 5.88%.  During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust repaid $35.5 million of variable rate debt that was outstanding under the Master Secured Credit Facility with proceeds from the sale of five collegiate housing communities (see Note 8).

In order to hedge the interest rate risk associated with the variable rate loans under the Master Secured Credit Facility, the Operating Partnership purchased an interest rate cap from the Royal Bank of Canada on December 22, 2008 for $0.1 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust sold the cap back to the bank for $45,000 when the variable rate debt discussed above was repaid. The notional amount of the cap was $49.9 million and the cap rate was 7.0% per annum.  The Operating Partnership chose not to designate the cap as a hedge and recognized all gains or losses associated with this derivative instrument in earnings. The fair value of the interest rate cap was determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies and was classified as level 2 as defined in the authoritative guidance. At December 31, 2010, the cap had a value of $51,000 and is classified in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

As of June 30, 2011, we had borrowed $10.5 million and $4.2 million on construction loans related to the development of a wholly-owned student apartment community near Southern Illinois University (The Reserve at Saluki Pointe-Carbondale). The loans bear interest equal to LIBOR plus 110 and 200 basis point margins, respectively, and were interest only through June 14, 2010. On June 14, 2010, the Trust paid down $5.0 million of the outstanding construction debt and extended the maturity date until June 28, 2012. Going forward, a debt service coverage ratio calculated annually on a rolling 12 months basis, of not less than 1.25 to 1, must be maintained with principal and interest being repaid on a monthly basis.

As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had $8.8 million outstanding on a construction loan related to the development of a wholly-owned student apartment community at Syracuse University (University Village Apartments on Colvin). The loan bears interest equal to LIBOR plus a 110 basis point margin and is interest only through September 29, 2011. As of June 30, 2011, and annually hereafter, a debt service coverage ratio calculated on a rolling 12 month basis, of not less than 1.25 to 1, must be maintained in order to extend the loan until September 29, 2013, with principal and interest being repaid on a monthly basis.

The scheduled maturities of outstanding mortgage and construction indebtedness at June 30, 2011 are as follows:

Fiscal Year Ending
 
(In thousands)
 
2011 (6 months ending December 31, 2011)
  $ 10,742  
2012
    70,340  
2013
    28,441  
2014
    53,362  
2015
    9,938  
Thereafter
    156,961  
Total
    329,784  
Unamortized debt premium
    205  
Outstanding at March 31, 2011, net of unamortized premiums
  $ 329,989  

As of June 30, 2011, the outstanding mortgage and construction debt had a weighted average interest rate of 5.61% and carried a weighted average term to maturity of 4.01 years.

 
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5. Segments

The Trust defines business segments by their distinct customer base and service provided. The Trust has identified three reportable segments: collegiate housing leasing, development consulting services and management services. Management evaluates each segment’s performance based on net operating income, which is defined as income before depreciation, amortization, ground leases, impairment losses, interest expense (income), gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities, and noncontrolling interests. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. Intercompany fees are reflected at the contractually stipulated amounts. Discontinued operations are not included in segment reporting as management addresses these items on a corporate level. The following table represents segment information for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:

      
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
   
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
 
   
(In thousands)
 
   
Collegiate
   
Development
                     
Collegiate
   
Development
                   
   
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
         
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
       
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
 
Segment revenues:
                                                           
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
  $ 52,312     $     $     $     $ 52,312     $ 47,837     $     $     $     $ 47,837  
Other leasing revenue
                                                           
Third-party development consulting services
          3,273             (924 )     2,349             1,341                   1,341  
Third-party management services
                1,579             1,579                   1,573             1,573  
Intersegment revenues
                1,501       (1,501 )                       1,797       (1,797 )      
Operating expense reimbursements
                      3,873       3,873                         3,865       3,865  
Total segment revenues
    52,312       3,273       3,080       1,448       60,113       47,837       1,341       3,370       2,068       54,616  
Segment operating expenses:
                                                                               
Collegiate housing leasing operations
    22,532                         22,532       21,049                         21,049  
General and administrative
          1,540       3,346       (182 )     4,704             1,620       3,917             5,537  
Intersegment expenses
    1,501                   (1,501 )           1,573                   (1,573 )      
Reimbursable operating expenses
                      3,873       3,873                         3,865       3,865  
Total segment operating expenses
    24,033       1,540       3,346       2,190       31,109       22,622       1,620       3,917       2,292       30,451  
Segment net operating income (loss) (1)
  $ 28,279     $ 1,733     $ (266 )   $ (742 )   $ 29,004     $ 25,215     $ (279 )   $ (547 )   $ (224 )   $ 24,165  
Total segment assets, as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (2)
  $ 686,541     $ 3,127     $ 4,103     $     $ 693,771     $ 713,940     $ 2,778     $ 4,427     $     $ 721,145  

(1)
The following is a reconciliation of the reportable segments’ net operating income to the Trust’s consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and discontinued operations for the six months ended June 30:

 
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2011
   
2010
 
Net operating income for reportable segments
  $ 29,004     $ 24,165  
Other unallocated general and administrative expenses
    (2,969 )     (2,799 )
Depreciation and amortization
    (13,845 )     (11,848 )
Ground leases
    (2,732 )     (165 )
Nonoperating expenses
    (10,211 )     (10,272 )
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
    (18 )     86  
Loss before income taxes and discontinued operations
  $ (771 )   $ (833 )

 
(2)
The decrease in segment assets related to collegiate housing leasing is primarily related to the sale of seven collegiate housing communities during the six months ending June 30, 2011 offset by the purchase of three additional communities and the continued development of four collegiate housing communities for the Trust’s ownership.

The following table represents segment information for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:

      
Three Months Ended June 30, 2011
   
Three Months Ended June 30, 2010
 
   
(In thousands)
 
   
Collegiate
   
Development
                     
Collegiate
   
Development
                   
   
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
         
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
       
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
 
                                                             
Segment revenues:
                                                           
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
  $ 25,613     $     $     $     $ 25,613     $ 23,335     $     $     $     $ 23,335  
Other leasing revenue
                                                           
Third-party development consulting services
          1,631             (558 )     1,073             648                   648  
Third-party management services
                745             745                   707             707  
Intersegment revenues
                728       (728 )                       867       (867 )      
Operating expense reimbursements
                      2,018       2,018                         1,957       1,957  
Total segment revenues
    25,613       1,631       1,473       732       29,449       23,335       648       1,574       1,090       26,647  
Segment operating expenses:
                                                                               
Collegiate housing leasing operations
    11,271                         11,271       10,375                         10,375  
General and administrative
          783       1,626       (94 )     2,315             842       1,811             2,653  
Intersegment expenses
    728                   (728 )           867                   (867 )      
Reimbursable operating expenses
                      2,018       2,018                         1,957       1,957  
Total segment operating expenses
    11,999       783       1,626       1,196       15,604       11,242       842       1,811       1,090       14,985  
Segment net operating income (loss) (1)
  $ 13,614     $ 848     $ (153 )   $ (464 )   $ 13,845     $ 12,093     $ (194 )   $ (237 )   $     $ 11,662  

(1)
The following is a reconciliation of the reportable segments’ net operating income to the Trust’s consolidated income (loss) before income taxes and discontinued operations for the three months ended June 30:

   
2011
   
2010
 
Net operating income for reportable segments
  $ 13,845     $ 11,662  
Other unallocated general and administrative expenses
    (1,601 )     (1,383 )
Depreciation and amortization
    (7,106 )     (5,947 )
Ground leases
    (1,366 )     (83 )
Nonoperating expenses
    (4,879 )     (5,090 )
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities
    (23 )     7  
Loss before income taxes and discontinued operations
  $ (1,130 )   $ (834 )

 
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6. Commitments and contingencies

In connection with the acquisition of certain of the Trust’s properties, the previous owner disclosed to the Trust in 2004 that, in June 2001, the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) had notified the previous owner of an on-going investigation regarding possible violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”) and the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 (“FHAA”). The previous owner disclosed to us in 2004 that DOJ had reviewed the property plans for certain of its properties, that DOJ had not issued a report regarding its review, that in October 2002, DOJ had indicated to the previous owner that the investigation was being delayed for an undetermined period of time, and that DOJ had not contacted the previous owner between 2002 and August 2004. In February 2010, DOJ served a subpoena on the Trust seeking access to one of the purchased properties in connection with a complaint filed by DOJ in March 2009 against the previous owner.  On April 12, 2010, DOJ inspected the property and found violations in the construction and design of the property as shown in DOJ’s subsequent report filed with the court on May 12, 2010. At this stage, DOJ has represented that no EDR entity is a target of its investigation and that its action is limited to design and construction defects created by the previous owner in the original construction of the property. The investigation has not been resolved and, at this point, no conclusion can be reached regarding what will be required to conclude it or whether it will result in a dispute or legal proceedings between the Trust and DOJ or the previous owner. Noncompliance with the ADA and the FHAA could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, fines, awards of damages to private litigants or additional capital expenditures to remedy such noncompliance. The Trust is unable to predict the outcome of DOJ’s investigation.

The Operating Partnership entered into a letter of credit agreement in conjunction with the closing of the acquisition of a collegiate housing community at the University of Florida. The letter of credit remains outstanding in the amount of $1.5 million at June 30, 2011 and is secured by the Second Amended Revolver.

In October of 2010, the Trust entered into two separate sales agreements to sell nine collegiate housing communities. The first agreement closed in December of 2010 and consisted of four communities (see Note 8). The second agreement closed in January 2011 and consisted of five communities (see Note 8). Pursuant to the second agreement, the Trust obtained a $3.0 million letter of credit in favor of the purchaser to ensure the closing of the sale. At December 31, 2010, this letter of credit remained outstanding. This letter of credit was released in January of 2011 after the closing of the sale.

On May 10, 2006, the Operating Partnership guaranteed $23.2 million of construction debt held by University Village-Greensboro LLC and received a 25% ownership stake in the joint venture with College Park Apartments.  Construction was completed, and the collegiate housing community was occupied in August 2007.  In June of 2010, the construction loan was refinanced and the Operating Partnership no longer guarantees the debt.

The Operating Partnership serves as non-recourse, carve-out guarantor, for secured third party debt in the amount of $46.9 million, held by two unconsolidated joint ventures. The Operating Partnership is liable to the lender for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability, claim or other obligation incurred by the lender arising out of or in connection with certain non-recourse exceptions in connection with the debt. Pursuant to the respective operating agreements, the joint venture partners agreed to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Trust with respect to such obligations, except to the extent such obligations were caused by the willful misconduct, gross negligence, fraud or bad faith of the Operating Partnership or its employees, agents or affiliates.  Therefore, exposure under the guarantees for obligations not caused by the willful misconduct, gross negligence, fraud or bad faith of the Operating Partnership or its employees, agents or affiliates is not expected to exceed the Operating Partnership’s proportionate interest in the related mortgage debt of $8.4 million.

 
20

 

As owners and operators of real estate, environmental laws impose ongoing compliance requirements on the Trust. The Trust is not aware of any environmental matters or liabilities with respect to the collegiate housing communities that would have a material adverse effect on the Trust’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

In the normal course of business, the Trust is subject to claims, lawsuits and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, in management’s opinion, the liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, are not expected to have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

Under the terms of the limited partnership agreement of University Towers Operating Partnership, LP, so long as the contributing owners of such property hold at least 25% of the University Towers Partnership Units, the Trust has agreed to maintain certain minimum amounts of debt on the property to avoid triggering gain to the contributing owners. If the Trust fails to do this, the Trust must repay the contributing owners the amount of taxes they incur.

After being awarded a development consulting contract, the Trust will enter into predevelopment consulting contracts with educational institutions to develop collegiate housing communities on their behalf.  The Trust will enter into reimbursement agreements that provide for the Trust to be reimbursed for the predevelopment costs incurred prior to the institution’s governing body formally approving the final development contract.  At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Trust had reimbursable predevelopment costs of $23,362 and $31,119, respectively, which are reflected in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the development agreement entered into on July 14, 2010 for a project at the Science + Technology Park at Johns Hopkins Medical Institute (see Note 2), the Trust has committed to provide a guarantee of repayment of a $42 million third-party construction loan for a $3 million fee.  The guarantee fee will not be recognized until the second mortgage loan is repaid. The project will have a $2.5 million reserve to fund any operating or debt service shortfalls, that is to be replenished annually by East Baltimore Development, Inc., until a 1.10 debt service coverage ratio is achieved for twelve consecutive months. The second mortgage loan and related debt service are the first at risk if such reserve is not adequate to cover operating expenses and debt service on the construction loan.

7. Acquisition and development of real estate investments

On May 23, 2011, the Trust completed the purchase of Westminster House, adjacent to the University of California, Berkeley, for a purchase price of $16.0 million. On March 15, 2011, the Trust completed the purchase of two collegiate housing communities, Wertland Square and Jefferson Commons, adjacent to the University of Virginia (UVA), for an aggregate purchase price of $23.0 million. Combined acquisition costs for these purchases were $0.4 million and are included in general and administrative costs in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The Trust funded these acquisitions with existing cash, including cash proceeds generated by the January 2011 common stock offering (see Note 2) and sales of collegiate housing communities (see Note 8). A summary follows of the fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as of the dates of the acquisitions:

   
Allocation of
 
   
Wertland Square and
Jefferson Commons
   
Westminster House
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Collegiate housing properties
  $ 22,851     $ 15,950  
Other assets
    157       1  
Current liabilities
    (258 )     (29 )
Total net assets acquired
  $ 22,750     $ 15,922  

 
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On October 22, 2010, the Trust completed the purchase of The GrandMarc at the Corner, a 641-bed student community at UVA in Charlottesville, Virginia. The purchase price was $45.7 million with related acquisition costs of $1.5 million.  The Trust funded the acquisition with existing cash, including cash proceeds generated by sales of the Trust’s common stock in its equity distribution program, and a draw on the Second Amended Revolver of $27.0 million. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Trust entered into a 99-year ground lease which requires an increase in annual rent expense based on the higher of 3% or the consumer price index for the life of the lease. The Trust recognizes the minimum 3% annual increase in rent expense on a straight-line basis. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust recognized $2.4 million in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations related to the ground lease. A summary follows of the fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed as of the date of the acquisition:

   
Allocation of
 
   
GrandMarc at the
Corner
 
   
(in thousands)
 
Collegiate housing properties
  $ 45,194  
Other assets
    545  
Current liabilities
    (267 )
Total net assets acquired
  $ 45,472  

The amounts of the acquisitions’ revenue and net income included in the Trust’s condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011, and the revenue and net income of the combined entity had the acquisition date been January 1, 2010, are as follows:

   
Revenue
   
Net
Income/(loss)
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Actual from 1/01/11-6/30/11
  $ 594     $ 53  
                 
2011 supplemental pro forma for 1/1/11-6/30/11 (1)
  $ 61,127     $ 1,952  
                 
2010 supplemental pro forma for 1/1/10-6/30/10 (1)
  $ 56,137     $ (264 )

(1)
Supplemental pro forma earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2011 were adjusted to exclude $0.4 million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the six months ended June 30, 2011. Supplemental pro forma earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2010 were adjusted to include these charges.

In February 2011, the Trust was selected by Syracuse University to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing on its campus. This will be the Trust’s second on-campus development at Syracuse University and third project financed through the ONE Plan SM. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had incurred $1.3 million in costs for the project which is expected to open in July of 2012 and capitalized interest costs and internal development project costs of $10,550 and $29,832, respectively, related to the development.

Also, in February 2011, the Trust executed an agreement with the Edwards Companies to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The Edwards Companies is developing and constructing the housing, which will be owned jointly by the two companies. The Trust is the majority owner and managing member of the joint venture and will manage the community. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had incurred $0.1 million in costs for the project which is expected to open in July of 2012 and capitalized interest costs and internal development project costs of approximately $1,004 and $11,911, respectively, related to the development.

In July 2010, the University of Texas Board of Regents selected the Trust to be the ground tenant to develop, own and manage a new high-rise apartment community near the core of the University of Texas at Austin campus.  This will be the Trust’s third wholly owned development and second project under the ONE Plan. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had incurred $3.5 million in costs for the project which is expected to open in July of 2013.  During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust capitalized interest costs and internal development project costs of $47,850 and $38,063, respectively, related to the development.

 
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In September of 2010, LeylandAlliance LLC and the Trust entered into an agreement to develop the first two phases of Storrs Center, a mixed-use town center project, adjacent to the University of Connecticut. Scheduled to be completed in 2012 and 2013, the first two phases of Storrs Center will include commercial and residential offerings. EDR will develop, own and manage the collegiate housing communities in these first two phases. As of June 30, 2011, the Trust had incurred $3.8 million in project costs and capitalized interest costs and internal development project costs of $38,758 and $0.1 million, respectively, related to the development.

All costs related to the development of collegiate housing communities are classified as assets under development in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets until the community is completed and opens.

8. Disposition of real estate investments and discontinued operations

In April and June 2011, the Trust sold the Collegiate Village, located in Macon, Georgia, and Clayton Place, located in Morrow, Georgia, respectively, for a combined sales price of $28.0 million resulting in net proceeds of approximately $27.8 million after closing costs.

In October 2010, the Trust entered into two separate sales agreements to sell nine collegiate housing communities with a net carrying value of $83.5 million. The first agreement closed on December 8, 2010 and included the following four properties:

The Gables, serving Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky;
Western Place, serving Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky;
Berkeley Place, serving Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina; and
The Pointe at Southern, serving Georgia Southern University in Statesboro, Georgia.

The gross sales price for the first agreement was $38.7 million with net proceeds of approximately $20.5 million after repayment of related debt of $17.3 million (see Note 4) and other closing costs.

The second agreement closed on January 19, 2011 and included the following five properties:

Troy Place, serving Troy University in Troy, Alabama;
The Reserve at Jacksonville, serving Jacksonville State University in Jacksonville, Alabama;
The Reserve at Martin, serving University of Tennessee at Martin in Martin, Tennessee;
The Chase at Murray, serving Murray State University in Murray, Kentucky; and
Clemson Place, serving Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina.

The sales price was $46.1 million, and the Trust received net proceeds of approximately $29.7 million after the repayment of related debt of $16.1 million and other closing costs.

On November 19, 2010, the Trust sold the Reserve at Clemson (“Clemson”) collegiate housing property for a sales price of $14.4 million resulting in net proceeds of approximately $1.2 million after the repayment of $12.0 million in mortgage debt (see Note 4) and other closing costs.

Accordingly, the results of operations of all twelve properties are included in discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. The Trust ceased depreciation on the properties when they met the held for sale criteria. The five properties included in the second agreement discussed above are classified as assets held for sale in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2010.

On April 7, 2009, the Trust sold the College Station collegiate housing community for a sales price of $2.6 million.  The Trust received proceeds of $0.3 million and a note receivable of $2.3 million. Payments of principal and interest, at a rate of 6% per annum, are due on a monthly basis.  The resulting net gain on disposition of approximately $0.4 million has been deferred against the note receivable until such debt is paid in full.

 
23

 
 
The following table summarizes the income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of noncontrolling interests, and the related realized gains on sales of real estate from discontinued operations, net of noncontrolling interests, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:
 
   
Six months
   
Six months
 
   
ended June 30,
   
ended June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
 
$
1,130
   
$
10,208
 
Collegiate housing leasing operating expenses
   
581
     
5,433
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
501
     
3,043
 
Interest expense
   
76
     
1,253
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs
   
2
     
44
 
Loss on extinguishment of debt
   
406
     
 
Income tax expense
   
17
     
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
(6
)
   
8
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
 
$
(447
)
 
$
427
 
Gain on sale of collegiate housing property
   
2,388
     
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
30
     
 
Gain on sale of collegiate housing property attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
 
$
2,358
   
$
 

   
Three months
   
Three months
 
   
ended June 30,
   
ended June 30,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Collegiate housing leasing revenue
 
$
212
   
$
5,059
 
Collegiate housing leasing operating expenses
   
145
     
2,751
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
235
     
1,528
 
Interest expense
   
     
629
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs
   
     
22
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
   
2
     
(1
)
Noncontrolling interests
   
(2
)
   
3
 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
 
$
(168
)
 
$
127
 
Gain on sale of collegiate housing property
   
1,445
     
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
18
     
 
Gain on sale of collegiate housing property attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.
 
$
1,427
   
$
 
 
9. Incentive plan

On May 4, 2011, the Trust’s stockholders approved the Education Realty Trust, Inc. 2011 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2011 Plan”). The purpose of the 2011 Plan is to promote the interests of the Trust and its stockholders by attracting, motivating and retaining talented executive officers, employees and directors of the Trust and linking their compensation to the long-term interests of the Trust and its stockholders.  The 2011 Plan replaces the Education Realty Trust, Inc. 2004 Incentive Plan (“2004 Plan”) in its entirety and authorizes the grant of the 315,000 shares that remained available for grant under the 2004 plan as well as 3,147,500 additional shares. Automatic increases in the number of shares available for issuance are not provided. The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock appreciation rights, other stock-based incentive awards to employees, directors and other key persons providing services to the Trust.

 
24

 

A restricted stock award is an award of the Trust’s common stock that is subject to restrictions on transferability and other restrictions as the Trust’s compensation committee determines in its sole discretion on the date of grant. The restrictions may lapse over a specified period of employment or the satisfaction of pre-established criteria as our compensation committee may determine. Except to the extent restricted under the award agreement, a participant awarded restricted shares will have all of the rights of a stockholder as to those shares, including, without limitation, the right to vote and the right to receive dividends or distributions on the shares. Restricted stock is generally taxed at the time of vesting. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, unearned compensation related to restricted stock totaled $1.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, and will be recorded as expense over the applicable vesting period. The value is determined based on the market value of the Trust’s common stock on the grant date. During the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, compensation expense of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively, was recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations, related to the vesting of restricted stock.

On January 12, 2010, the Trust issued 50,000 shares of restricted common stock to an executive as an inducement to enter into an employment agreement with the Trust.  The restricted stock will lapse ratably over five years as long as the executive remains employed with the Trust. The award was granted outside of the Plan described above pursuant to Section 303A.08 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual.  Additionally, on April 13, 2010, the Trust issued 30,000 shares of restricted common stock to an executive pursuant to the Plan discussed above.  The restrictions on the shares will lapse ratably over 5 years as long as the executive remains employed by the Trust.

On January 1, 2011 and March 11, 2010, the Trust adopted the 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2011 LTIP”) and 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2010 LTIP”), respectively. The purpose of the 2011 LTIP and 2010 LTIP is to attract, retain and motivate the executive officers and certain key employees of the Trust and to promote the long-term growth and profitability of the Trust. On January 1, 2011, the Trust issued 138,000 of time vested restricted stock and 207,000 performance vested RSUs to executives and key employees under the 2011 LTIP pursuant to the 2004 Plan described above. On April 13, 2010, the Trust issued 136,000 shares of time vested restricted stock and 204,000 RSUs to executives and key employees under the 2010 LTIP pursuant to the 2004 Plan described above. The restricted stock will vest ratably over three years as long as the participants remain employed with the Trust. The RSUs will vest based upon the Trust’s achievement of total stockholder returns at specified levels as compared to the average total stockholder returns of a peer group of companies over the period of time beginning January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2014 for the 2011 LTIP and beginning January 1, 2010 to January 1, 2013 for the 2010 LTIP (the “Performance Periods”). At the end of the Performance Periods, the compensation committee of the Board will determine the level and the extent to which the performance goal was achieved. RSUs that satisfy the performance goal will be converted into fully-vested shares of the Trust’s common stock and the Trust will receive a tax deduction for the compensation expense at the time of vesting. Prior to vesting, the participants are not eligible to vote or receive dividends or distributions on the RSUs. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, unearned compensation related to RSUs totaled $1.1 million and $0.5 million and will be recorded as expense over the applicable vesting period. The value was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. During the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, compensation expense of $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, was recognized in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations, related to the vesting of RSUs.

PIUs were units in a limited liability company controlled by the Trust that held a special class of partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.  On June 3, 2010, the Trust redeemed all of the outstanding PIUs for $0.2 million cash and 50,826 shares of the Trust’s common stock with a market value of $0.3 million.  For purposes of the 2004 Plan, each PIU was deemed equivalent to an award of one share of the Trust’s common stock and entitled the owner of such unit to receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as one common unit of the Operating Partnership. PIUs did not have full parity with Operating Partnership Units with respect to liquidating distributions; therefore, the value of PIUs was less than the value of the Trust’s common stock. The grant or vesting of PIUs was not a taxable transaction to recipients. Conversely, the Trust did not receive any tax deductions for compensation expense from the granting of PIUs. PIUs were treated as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements at an amount equal to the holders’ ownership percentage of the net equity of the Operating Partnership.

 
25

 

Total stock-based compensation recognized in general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 was $0.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Additionally during the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Trust issued 44,280 shares to its independent directors pursuant to the 2011 Plan discussed above. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Trust issued 4,000 shares of common stock to an executive officer and 30,000 shares to its independent directors pursuant to the 2004 Plan discussed above.

A summary of the stock-based incentive plan activity as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is as follows:

   
Stock
 
   
Awards(1)
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2010
    652,826  
Granted
    389,280  
Retired
     
Outstanding at June 30, 2011
    1,042,106  
Vested at June 30, 2011
    362,159  

(1)
Includes restricted stock and RSU awards.

10. Subsequent events

Our board of directors declared a distribution of $0.07 per share of common stock for the quarter ended on June 30, 2011. The distribution is payable on August 16, 2011 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 29, 2011.

 
26

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Certain statements contained in this Report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including but not limited to statements related to plans for future acquisitions, our business and investment strategy, market trends and projected capital expenditures. When used in this Report, the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate, “would,” “could,” “should,” and similar expressions are generally intended to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our opinions only as of the date of this Report. We assume no obligation to update or supplement forward-looking statements that become untrue because of subsequent events. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. For further information about these and other factors that could affect our future results, please see the “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 and “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” below. Investors are cautioned that any forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements.

All references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “EDR,” “Trust” and the “Company” in this Report mean Education Realty Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the term means only Education Realty Trust, Inc.

Overview

We are a self-managed and self-advised real estate investment trust (“REIT”) engaged in the ownership, acquisition and management of high-quality collegiate housing communities. We also provide collegiate housing management and development consulting services to universities, charitable foundations and other third parties. We believe that we are one of the largest private owners, developers and managers of high-quality collegiate housing communities in the United States in terms of total beds both owned and under management.

We earn income from rental payments we receive as a result of our ownership of collegiate housing communities. We also earn income by performing property management services and development consulting services for third parties through Allen & O’Hara Education Services, Inc. (“AOES”) and Allen & O’Hara Development Company, LLC (“AODC”), respectively.

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Our Business Segments

We define business segments by their distinct customer base and the service provided. Management has identified three reportable segments: collegiate housing leasing, development consulting services and management services. We evaluate each segment’s performance based on net operating income, which is defined as income before depreciation, amortization, ground leases, impairment losses, interest expense (income), gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities, noncontrolling interests and discontinued operations. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are described in more detail in the summary of significant accounting policies in the footnotes to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. Inter-company fees are reflected at the contractually stipulated amounts.

Collegiate housing leasing

Collegiate housing leasing revenue represented approximately 89.2% of our revenue, excluding operating expense reimbursements, for the six months ended June 30, 2011.

 
27

 

Unlike multi-family housing where apartments are leased by the unit, collegiate-housing communities are typically leased by the bed on an individual lease liability basis. Individual lease liability limits each resident’s liability to his or her own rent without liability for a roommate’s rent. The number of lease contracts that we administer is therefore equivalent to the number of beds occupied instead of the number of apartment units occupied.  A parent or guardian is required to execute each lease as a guarantor unless the resident provides adequate proof of income and/or pays a deposit, which is usually equal to two months rent.

Due to our predominantly private bedroom accommodations, the high level of student-oriented amenities, the fact that units are furnished and in most cases rent includes utilities, cable television and internet service and because of the individual lease liability, we believe our communities can typically command higher per-unit and per-square foot rental rates than most multi-family communities in the same geographic markets. We are also typically able to command higher rental rates than on-campus collegiate housing, which tends to offer fewer amenities.

The majority of our leases commence mid-August and terminate the last day of July. These dates generally coincide with the commencement of the universities’ fall academic term and the completion of the subsequent summer school session. As such, we are required to re-lease each community in its entirety each year, resulting in significant turnover in our tenant population from year to year. In 2010 and 2009, approximately 70.0% of our leased beds were to students who were first-time residents at our communities. As a result, we are highly dependent upon the effectiveness of our marketing and leasing efforts during the annual leasing season that typically begins in November and ends in August of each year. Our communities’ occupancy rates are therefore typically stable during the August to July academic year but are susceptible to fluctuation at the commencement of each new academic year.

Prior to the commencement of each new lease period, mostly during the first two weeks of August but also during September at some communities, we prepare the units for new incoming tenants. Other than revenue generated by in-place leases for returning tenants, we do not generally recognize lease revenue during this period referred to as “Turn” as we have no leases in place. In addition, we incur significant expenses during Turn to make our units ready for occupancy. These expenses are recognized when incurred. This Turn period results in seasonality in our operating results during the third quarter of each year.

Development consulting services

For the six months ended June 30, 2011, revenue from our development consulting services represented approximately 5.6% of our revenue, excluding operating expense reimbursements. We provide development consulting services primarily to colleges and universities seeking to modernize their on-campus collegiate housing communities but also to the Trust and other third-party investors. Our development consulting services typically include the following:

 
market analysis and evaluation of collegiate housing needs and options;

 
cooperation with college or university in architectural design;

 
negotiation of ground lease, development agreement, construction contract, architectural contract and bond documents;

 
oversight of architectural design process;

 
coordination of governmental and university plan approvals;

 
oversight of construction process;

 
design, purchase and installation of furniture;

 
pre-opening marketing to students; and

 
obtaining final approvals of construction.

 
28

 

Fees for these services are typically 3-5% of the total cost of a project and are payable over the life of the construction period, which in most cases is one to two years in length. Occasionally, the development consulting contracts include a provision whereby the Trust can participate in project savings resulting from successful cost management efforts. These revenues are recognized once all contractual terms have been satisfied and no future performance requirements exist. This typically occurs after construction is complete. As part of the development agreements, there are certain costs we pay on behalf of universities or third-party investors. These costs are included in reimbursable operating expenses and are required to be reimbursed to us by the universities or third-party investors. We recognize the expense and revenue related to these reimbursements when incurred. These operating expenses are wholly reimbursable and therefore not considered by management when analyzing the operating performance of our development consulting services business.

Management services

For the six months ended June 30, 2011, revenue from our management services segment represented approximately 5.2% of our revenue, excluding operating expense reimbursements. We provide management services for collegiate housing communities owned by educational institutions, charitable foundations, the Trust and others. Our management services typically cover all aspects of community operations, including residence life and student development, marketing, leasing administration, strategic relationships, information systems and accounting services. We provide these services pursuant to multi-year management agreements under which management fees are typically 3-5% of leasing revenue. These agreements usually have an initial term of two to five years with renewal options of like terms. As part of the management agreements, there are certain payroll and related expenses we pay on behalf of the property owners. These costs are included in reimbursable operating expenses and are required to be reimbursed to us by the property owners. We recognize the expense and revenue related to these reimbursements when incurred. These operating expenses are wholly reimbursable and therefore not considered by management when analyzing the operating performance of our management services business.

Trends and Outlook

Rents and occupancy

We manage our communities to maximize revenues, which are primarily driven by two components: rental rates and occupancy rates. We customarily adjust rental rates in order to maximize revenues, which in some cases results in a lower occupancy rate, but in most cases results in stable or increasing revenue from the community. As a result, a decrease in occupancy may be offset by an increase in rental rates and may not be material to our operations. Periodically, certain of our markets experience increases in new on-campus collegiate housing provided by colleges and universities and off-campus collegiate housing provided by private owners. This additional collegiate housing both on and off campus can create competitive pressure on rental rates and occupancy.

For the six months ended June 30, 2011, same-community revenue per available bed increased to $412 and same-community physical occupancy increased to 90.5% compared to revenue per available bed of $401 and physical occupancy of 89.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The results represent averages for the Trust’s portfolio which are not necessarily indicative of every community in the portfolio. As would be expected, individual communities can and do perform both above and below these averages, and, at times, an individual community may experience a decline in total revenue due to local university and economic conditions. Our management focus is to assess these situations and address them as quickly as possible in an effort to minimize the Trust’s exposure and reverse any negative trend.

As of July 18, 2011, same-community preleasing for the 2011/2012 lease term is 113 basis points ahead of the prior year in occupancy with 85.0% of beds preleased for the fall.  Net rental rates for the 2011/2012 lease term are currently projected to be approximately 4.0% ahead of the prior lease term.

 
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Development consulting services

The Trust has historically earned more than $5.0 million annually in third-party development revenue. However, as a result of deteriorating credit markets, financing of new projects became harder to obtain, and the Trust’s third-party development revenue declined from $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $2.5 million in 2010. Beginning in the summer of 2010 our development team began seeing improvement in the credit markets and an increase in interest from colleges and universities that are considering new collegiate housing. They also continue to receive requests for proposals on new development projects. This improvement in the development consulting market over the prior year is evidenced by the Trust’s active development projects, three third-party developments and one participating development, and a 75.1% increase in third-party development revenue to $2.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011.

The amount and timing of future revenues from development consulting services will be contingent upon our ability to successfully compete in public colleges and universities’ competitive procurement processes, our ability to successfully structure financing of these projects and our ability to ensure completion of construction within agreed construction timelines and budgets. To date, we have completed construction on all of our development projects in time for their targeted occupancy dates.

Collegiate housing operating costs

The Trust implemented focused cost control measures in late 2008 that drove a same-community operating expense decline of 4.6% for the year ended December 31, 2009 and helped keep operating expenses relatively flat during 2010 with an increase of around 0.1%.  For the six months ended June 30, 2011, same-community operating expenses were up approximately 2.8% from the same period in 2010, which includes the impact of real estate tax refunds recorded in the second quarter of 2010. The Trust anticipates full year operating expense growth to remain within the range of 2% to 3% as it continues to focus on operating its properties as efficiently as possible.

General and administrative costs

In the first half of 2010, we began a reorganization plan, and as a result, saw a 2.8% reduction in general and administrative expenses (G&A), before reorganization, development pursuit and acquisition costs, when compared to the same period in 2009. Historically, we have presented all G&A costs, including regional and corporate costs of supporting our communities, as one line in our consolidated statement of operations. We intend to present G&A costs in this fashion for the remainder of the year. However, beginning in 2012 we intend to report the G&A costs to manage our owned portfolio as part of our collegiate housing operating costs and not as part of G&A. We believe the new presentation will improve comparability within the industry and provide a better reflection of the total cost to operate a property. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, G&A of $7.5 million, before reorganization, development pursuit costs and acquisition costs, remained flat when compared to the same period in 2010 as we maintain the operating efficiencies implemented in 2010. Third-party development and management services contributed to $2.6 million of these expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, G&A expenses for our owned portfolio contributed to $2.0 million and $2.1 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively, and corporate G&A contributed to $2.8 million of these expenses in both 2011 and 2010.

Asset Repositioning and Capital Recycling

As previously reported, the Trust completed the sale of five communities in January 2011. These transactions culminated a significant repositioning of the Trust’s portfolio that began in the fourth quarter of 2010. The five communities had over 1,900 beds and were at mostly smaller universities with limited barriers to entry. With a total sales price of approximately $46.1 million, the dispositions reduced outstanding debt by $16.1 million and provided net cash proceeds, after costs, of approximately $29.7 million (see Note 8 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).

In the second quarter of 2011, we completed the sale of two non-core assets, Collegiate Village, serving Macon State University, and Clayton Station, serving Clayton State University, that had been master leased to the respective universities for an aggregate sale price of $28.0 million (see Note 8 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements). The net proceeds of just under $28.0 million will be used to fund development and acquisition activity and for general working capital purposes.
In February 2011, the Trust executed an agreement with the Edwards Companies to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The Edwards Companies is developing and constructing the housing, which will be owned jointly by the two companies. The Trust is the majority owner and managing member of the joint venture and will manage the community.
 
 
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On March 15, 2011, we completed the purchase of two additional communities at the University of Virginia (UVA) in Charlottesville, Virginia for a total purchase price of approximately $23.0 million (see Note 7 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements).  Both communities are within a short walk of campus and are already 100% preleased for the 2011/2012 lease term.  The communities include a total of 234-beds in 72 unfurnished units.  The combined average rental rate for these communities is $662 per bed.

In May 2011, we completed the purchase of a historic community adjacent to the University of California, Berkeley for a total purchase price of approximately $16.3 million.  The Westminster House community, comprised of two buildings adjacent to the north and south sides of the campus, contains a total of 167 beds.

We believe these transactions helped the Trust recycle capital from non-strategic assets to vibrant, younger collegiate communities at larger universities.  We believe these steps improved the quality of the Trust’s portfolio and position the Trust for better long-term growth potential.

We currently have five active, owned and participating developments that are all progressing on or ahead of schedule. In July, we began construction on projects at the University of Connecticut, University of Alabama and Syracuse University. During the quarter ended June 30, 2011, we celebrated the completion of the concrete slab for the top floor, or the “topping out,” of the 20-story development at Johns Hopkins University. As of June 30, 2011, we had funded all of the $18.0 million in financing we had committed to the Johns Hopkins participating project.

In January 2011, we completed a follow-on offering of 13.2 million shares of our common stock; including 1.7 million shares purchased by the underwriters pursuant to an overallotment option (see Note 2 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements). We received approximately $91.7 million in net proceeds from the offering after deducting the underwriting discount and other offering expenses.  A portion of the proceeds was used to repay approximately $19.3 million of debt with the remaining proceeds expected to be used to fund our current developments, fund future acquisitions and developments and for general corporate purposes.
 
Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions in certain circumstances that affect amounts reported in our financial statements and related notes. In preparing these financial statements, management has utilized all available information, including its past history, industry standards and the current economic environment, among other factors, in forming its estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. The ultimate outcome anticipated by management in formulating its estimates may not be realized. Application of the critical accounting policies below involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. In addition, other companies in similar businesses may utilize different estimation policies and methodologies, which may impact the comparability of our results of operations and financial condition to those companies.

Collegiate housing leasing revenue recognition

Collegiate housing leasing revenue is comprised of all revenue related to the leasing activities at our collegiate housing communities and includes revenues from leasing apartments by the bed, food services, parking space rentals and certain ancillary services.

Students are required to execute lease contracts with payment schedules that vary from per semester to monthly. Generally, a parental guarantee must accompany each executed contract. Receivables are recorded when due, while leasing revenue and related lease incentives/concessions and nonrefundable application and service fees are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contracts. Balances are considered past due when payment is not received on the contractual due date. Allowances for doubtful accounts are established by management when it is determined that collection is doubtful.

 
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Revenue and cost recognition of development consulting services

Costs associated with the pursuit of third-party development consulting contracts are expensed as incurred until such time as we have been notified of a contract award or reimbursement has been otherwise guaranteed by the customer. At such time, the reimbursable portion of such costs is recorded as a receivable. Development consulting revenues are recognized using the percentage of completion method as determined by construction costs incurred relative to the total estimated construction costs. Occasionally, our development consulting contracts include a provision whereby we can participate in project savings resulting from our successful cost management efforts. We recognize these revenues once all contractual terms have been satisfied and we have no future performance requirements. This typically occurs after construction is complete. Costs associated with development consulting services are expensed as incurred. We generally receive a significant percentage of our fees for development consulting services upon closing of the project financing, a portion of the fee over the construction period and the balance upon substantial completion of construction. Because revenue from these services is recognized for financial reporting purposes utilizing the percentage of completion method, differences occur between amounts received and revenues recognized. Differences also occur between amounts recognized for tax purposes and those recognized for financial reporting purposes. Because REITs are required to distribute 90% of their taxable income, our distribution requirement with respect to our income from third-party services may exceed that reflected as net income for financial reporting purposes from such activities.

We also periodically enter into joint venture arrangements whereby we provide development consulting services to third-party collegiate housing owners in an agency capacity. We recognize our portion of the earnings in each joint venture based on our ownership interest, which is reflected after net operating income in our condensed consolidated statement of operations as equity in earnings of unconsolidated entities. Our revenue and operating expenses could fluctuate from period to period based on the extent to which we utilize joint venture arrangements to provide third-party development consulting services.

Collegiate housing property acquisitions and dispositions

Land, land improvements, buildings and improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment are recorded at cost. Buildings and improvements are depreciated over 15 to 40 years, land improvements are depreciated over 15 years and furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated over 3 to 7 years. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method for financial reporting purposes.

Results of operations for acquired collegiate housing communities are included in the Trust’s results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. Appraisals, estimates of cash flows and valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, land improvements, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment and identifiable intangibles such as amounts related to in-place leases. The Trust recognizes pre-acquisition costs, which include legal and professional fees and other third-party costs related directly to the acquisition of a community, when they are incurred.

Management assesses impairment of long-lived assets to be held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Management uses an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows of the related asset based on its intended use to determine whether the carrying value is recoverable. If the Trust determines that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, the fair value of the asset is estimated and an impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value. Management estimates fair value using discounted cash flow models, market appraisals if available, and other market participant data.

When a collegiate housing community has met the criteria to be classified as held for sale, the fair value less cost to sell such asset is estimated. If fair value less cost to sell the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment charge is recorded for the estimated loss. Depreciation expense is no longer recorded once a collegiate housing community has met the held for sale criteria. The related carrying value of the community is recorded as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet and operations of collegiate housing communities that are sold or classified as held for sale are recorded as part of discontinued operations for all periods presented.

 
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Repairs and maintenance

The costs of ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to operations when incurred. Major improvements that extend the life of an asset beyond one year are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the asset. Planned major repair, maintenance and improvement projects are capitalized when performed. In some circumstances, the lenders require us to maintain a reserve account for future repairs and capital expenditures. These amounts are not available for current use and are recorded as restricted cash on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Use of estimates

Significant estimates and assumptions are used by management in determining the recognition of third-party development consulting revenue under the percentage of completion method, useful lives of collegiate housing assets, the valuation of goodwill, the initial valuations and underlying allocations of purchase price in connection with collegiate housing property acquisitions, the determination of fair value for impairment assessments, and in recording the allowance for doubtful accounts. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

We review our assets, including our collegiate housing communities, communities under development and goodwill for potential impairment indicators whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value might not be recoverable. Impairment indicators include, but are not limited to, declines in our market capitalization, overall market factors, changes in cash flows, significant decreases in net operating income and occupancies at our operating properties, changes in projected completion dates of our development projects and sustainability of development projects. Our tests for impairment are based on the most current information available and if conditions change or if our plans regarding our assets change, it could result in additional impairment charges in the future. However, based on our plans with respect to our operating properties and those under development, we believe the carrying amounts are recoverable.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance resulting in common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards. Consequently some of the amendments clarify the FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and is applied prospectively. The Trust is currently evaluating the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance on the interpretation of pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendments in the guidance specify that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, nonrecurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and is applied prospectively. The adoption had no material impact on the Trust’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued new authoritative guidance which modifies Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test for reporting units with zero or negative carrying amounts. For those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with the existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2010 and is applied prospectively. The adoption had no impact on the Trust’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
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Results of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2011 and 2010

The following table presents the results of operations for Education Realty Trust, Inc. for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:

   
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
   
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
 
    (In thousands)  
   
Collegiate
   
Development
                     
Collegiate
   
Development
                   
   
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
         
Housing
   
Consulting
   
Management
   
Adjustments/
       
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
   
Leasing
   
Services
   
Services
   
Eliminations
   
Total
 
       
Segment revenues:
                                                                               
Collegiate housing   leasing revenue
 
$
52,312
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
52,312
   
$
47,837
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
47,837
 
Third-party development consulting services
   
     
3,273
     
     
(924
)
   
2,349
     
     
1,341
     
     
     
1,341
 
Third-party management services
   
     
     
1,579
     
     
1,579