UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K/A
Amendment No. 2
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-51222
DEXCOM, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 33-0857544 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
6340 Sequence Drive San Diego, California |
92121 | |
(Address of Principal Executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants Telephone Number, including area code: (858) 200-0200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
Title of Each Class |
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Select Market) | |
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (Nasdaq Global Select Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definite proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and Smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)
Large accelerated Filer | x | Accelerated Filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated Filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of June 30, 2011, the aggregate market value of the registrants common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $960,461,796 based on the closing sales price as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class |
Outstanding at March 26, 2012 | |
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share | 68,534,954 shares |
DexCom, Inc.
Table of Contents
Page Number |
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EXPLANATORY NOTE |
1 | |||
PART IV |
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ITEM 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules |
2 |
EXPLANATORY NOTE
DexCom, Inc. (the DexCom) filed its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 23, 2012 (the Annual Report), and filed an Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A with the SEC on March 28, 2012 (the Amendment No. 1). DexCom is filing this Amendment No. 2 as an exhibit-only filing to the Annual Report (the Amendment No. 2), to re-file Exhibit 10.26 in response to comments received from the staff of the SEC regarding a request for confidential treatment of certain portions of Exhibit 10.26 originally filed with the Annual Report. This Amendment No. 2 is being filed solely to re-file Exhibit 10.26 and to amend and restate the Item 15 (Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules) and the Exhibit Index included in the Annual Report. In connection with the filing of this Amendment No.2, DexCom is also including certain currently dated certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as required by Rule 12b-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This Amendment No. 2 makes reference to the date of the Annual Report, and DexCom has not updated or amended the disclosures contained herein to reflect events that have occurred since the filing of the Annual Report, or modified or updated the disclosures contained in the Annual Report and Amendment No. 1 in any way other than as specifically set forth in this Amendment No. 2. Accordingly, this Amendment No. 2 should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report, Amendment No. 1 and other filings made by DexCom with the SEC subsequent to our filing of the Annual Report.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES |
(a) | The following documents are filed as part of this annual report: |
1. | Exhibits. |
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith | ||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||
3.01 | Registrants Restated Certificate of Incorporation. | S-1/A | 333-122454 | March 3, 2005 | 3.03 | |||||||||
3.02 | Registrants Amended and Restated Bylaws. | 8-K | 000-51222 | March 23, 2011 | 99.01 | |||||||||
4.01 | Form of Specimen Certificate for Registrants common stock. | S-1/A | 333-122454 | March 24, 2005 | 4.01 | |||||||||
4.02 | Second Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement, dated December 30, 2004. | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 4.02 | |||||||||
4.03 | Form of Rights Agreement, between DexCom, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, including the Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, Summary of Stock Purchase Rights and Forms of Right Certificate attached thereto as Exhibit A, B and C, respectively. | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 4.03 | |||||||||
10.01 | Form of Indemnity Agreement between Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 10.01 | |||||||||
10.02 | 1999 Stock Option Plan and related agreements.* | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 10.02 | |||||||||
10.03 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of stock option agreement and stock option exercise agreements.* | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 10.03 | |||||||||
10.04 | 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of subscription agreement.* | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 10.04 | |||||||||
10.05 | Exclusive Patent License Agreement dated August 17, 2001 between SM Technologies, LLC and DexCom, Inc.** | S-1/A | 000-51222 | April 5, 2005 | 10.09 | |||||||||
10.06 | Agreement Regarding Terms of Sale dated May 23, 2003 between AMI Semiconductor, Inc. and DexCom, Inc.** | S-1/A | 333-122454 | April 5, 2005 | 10.10 | |||||||||
10.07 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Jorge Valdes dated October 16, 2005.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 27, 2006 | 10.14 | |||||||||
10.08 | Office Lease Agreement, dated March 31, 2006, between DexCom, Inc. and Kilroy Realty, L.P. | 8-K | 000-51222 | April 7, 2006 | 99.01 |
2
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith | ||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||
10.09 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Steven R. Pacelli dated April 10, 2006.* | 8-K | 000-51222 | April 13, 2006 | 99.01 | |||||||||
10.10 | Collaboration Agreement, dated November 10, 2008 between DexCom, Inc. and Edwards Lifesciences LLC.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.1 | |||||||||
10.11 | Amended and Restated Joint Development Agreement, dated January 12, 2009, between DexCom, Inc. and Animas Corporation.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.1 | |||||||||
10.12 | OUS Commercialization Agreement, dated January 12, 2009, between DexCom, Inc. and Animas Corporation.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.2 | |||||||||
10.13 | Form of Amended and Restated Executive Change of Control & Severance Agreement.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 5, 2009 | 10.20 | |||||||||
10.14 | Amended and Restated Offer Letter Agreement dated December 19, 2008 between DexCom, Inc. and Terrance H. Gregg.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 5, 2009 | 10.21 | |||||||||
10.15 | Letter Agreement, between Edwards Lifesciences LLC and DexCom, Inc., dated May 5, 2009. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2009 | 10.22 | |||||||||
10.16 | Non-Exclusive Distribution Agreement, between RGH Enterprises, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated April 30, 2008.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2009 | 10.23 | |||||||||
10.17 | Letter of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Joint Development Agreement, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated July 30, 2009.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2009 | 10.24 | |||||||||
10.18 | Amendment No. 1 to the Commercialization Agreements, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated July 30, 2009.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2009 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.19 | Amended and Restated Development, Manufacturing, Licensing and Supply Agreement, between DSM PTG, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated February 19, 2010.** | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 9, 2010 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.20 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | May 5, 2010 | 10.26 | |||||||||
10.21 | First Amendment to Office Lease between DexCom, Inc. and Kilroy Realty, L.P., dated August 18, 2010. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2010 | 10.27 | |||||||||
10.22 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.* | 10-Q | 000-51222 | May 3, 2011 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.23 | Amendment Number One to Non-Exclusive Distribution Agreement, between RGH Enterprises, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated March 29, 2011.** | 10-Q/A | 000-51222 | July 1, 2011 | 10.26 | |||||||||
10.24 | Amendment No. 2 to the OUS Commercialization Agreement, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated June 7, 2011.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2011 | 10.27 |
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Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith |
||||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||||
10.25 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Kevin Sayer dated May 3, 2011.* | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2011 | 10.28 | |||||||||||
10.26 | Research and Development Agreement, between Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. and Dexcom, Inc. dated November 1, 2011.** | X | ||||||||||||||
21.01 | List of Subsidiaries. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 21.01 | |||||||||||
23.01 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 23.01 | |||||||||||
24.01 | Power of Attorney. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | ||||||||||||
31.01 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 31.01 | |||||||||||
31.02 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 31.02 | |||||||||||
31.03 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K/A | 000-51222 | March 26, 2012 | 31.03 | |||||||||||
31.04 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K/A | 000-51222 | March 26, 2012 | 31.04 | |||||||||||
31.05 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | X | ||||||||||||||
31.06 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | X | ||||||||||||||
32.01 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*** | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 32.01 | |||||||||||
32.02 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*** | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 32.02 |
* | Represents a management contract or compensatory plan. |
** | Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions of this document pursuant to an application for confidential treatment sent to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such portions are omitted from this filing and were filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
*** | This certification is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that DexCom specifically incorporates it by reference. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DEXCOM, INC. (Registrant) | ||||||
Dated: May 14, 2012 | By: | /S/ JESS ROPER | ||||
| ||||||
Jess Roper, Chief Financial Officer |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/S/ TERRANCE GREGG Terrance Gregg |
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | May 14, 2012 | ||
/S/ KEVIN SAYER Kevin Sayer |
President and Director |
May 14, 2012 | ||
/S/ JESS ROPER Jess Roper |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | May 14, 2012 | ||
* Jonathan Lord, M.D. |
Chairman of the Board of Directors |
May 14, 2012 | ||
* Nicholas Augustinos |
Director |
May 14, 2012 | ||
* Martin Doordan |
Director |
May 14, 2012 | ||
* Barbara Kahn |
Director |
May 14, 2012 | ||
* Jay Skyler, M.D. |
Director |
May 14, 2012 | ||
* Eric Topol, M.D. |
Director |
May 14, 2012 |
*By: |
/S/ TERRANCE H. GREGG |
May 14, 2012 | ||||
Attorney-in-Fact |
5
EXHIBIT INDEX
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith | ||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||
3.01 | Registrants Restated Certificate of Incorporation. | S-1/A | 333-122454 | March 3, 2005 | 3.03 | |||||||||
3.02 | Registrants Amended and Restated Bylaws. | 8-K | 000-51222 | March 23, 2011 | 99.01 | |||||||||
4.01 | Form of Specimen Certificate for Registrants common stock. | S-1/A | 333-122454 | March 24, 2005 | 4.01 | |||||||||
4.02 | Second Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement, dated December 30, 2004. | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 4.02 | |||||||||
4.03 | Form of Rights Agreement, between DexCom, Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, including the Certificate of Designations of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, Summary of Stock Purchase Rights and Forms of Right Certificate attached thereto as Exhibit A, B and C, respectively. | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 4.03 | |||||||||
10.01 | Form of Indemnity Agreement between Registrant and each of its directors and executive officers. | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 10.01 | |||||||||
10.02 | 1999 Stock Option Plan and related agreements.* | S-1 | 333-122454 | February 1, 2005 | 10.02 | |||||||||
10.03 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of stock option agreement and stock option exercise agreements.* | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 10.03 | |||||||||
10.04 | 2005 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of subscription agreement.* | S-1/A | 000-51222 | March 24, 2005 | 10.04 | |||||||||
10.05 | Exclusive Patent License Agreement dated August 17, 2001 between SM Technologies, LLC and DexCom, Inc.** | S-1/A | 000-51222 | April 5, 2005 | 10.09 | |||||||||
10.06 | Agreement Regarding Terms of Sale dated May 23, 2003 between AMI Semiconductor, Inc. and DexCom, Inc.** | S-1/A | 333-122454 | April 5, 2005 | 10.10 | |||||||||
10.07 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Jorge Valdes dated October 16, 2005.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 27, 2006 | 10.14 | |||||||||
10.08 | Office Lease Agreement, dated March 31, 2006, between DexCom, Inc. and Kilroy Realty, L.P. | 8-K | 000-51222 | April 7, 2006 | 99.01 |
6
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith | ||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||
10.09 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Steven R. Pacelli dated April 10, 2006.* | 8-K | 000-51222 | April 13, 2006 | 99.01 | |||||||||
10.10 | Collaboration Agreement, dated November 10, 2008 between DexCom, Inc. and Edwards Lifesciences LLC.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.1 | |||||||||
10.11 | Amended and Restated Joint Development Agreement, dated January 12, 2009, between DexCom, Inc. and Animas Corporation.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.1 | |||||||||
10.12 | OUS Commercialization Agreement, dated January 12, 2009, between DexCom, Inc. and Animas Corporation.** | 8-K/A | 000-51222 | January 28, 2009 | 10.2 | |||||||||
10.13 | Form of Amended and Restated Executive Change of Control & Severance Agreement.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 5, 2009 | 10.20 | |||||||||
10.14 | Amended and Restated Offer Letter Agreement dated December 19, 2008 between DexCom, Inc. and Terrance H. Gregg.* | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 5, 2009 | 10.21 | |||||||||
10.15 | Letter Agreement, between Edwards Lifesciences LLC and DexCom, Inc., dated May 5, 2009. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2009 | 10.22 | |||||||||
10.16 | Non-Exclusive Distribution Agreement, between RGH Enterprises, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated April 30, 2008.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2009 | 10.23 | |||||||||
10.17 | Letter of Amendment of the Amended and Restated Joint Development Agreement, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated July 30, 2009.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2009 | 10.24 | |||||||||
10.18 | Amendment No. 1 to the Commercialization Agreements, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated July 30, 2009.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2009 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.19 | Amended and Restated Development, Manufacturing, Licensing and Supply Agreement, between DSM PTG, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated February 19, 2010.** | 10-K | 000-51222 | March 9, 2010 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.20 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | May 5, 2010 | 10.26 | |||||||||
10.21 | First Amendment to Office Lease between DexCom, Inc. and Kilroy Realty, L.P., dated August 18, 2010. | 10-Q | 000-51222 | November 4, 2010 | 10.27 | |||||||||
10.22 | 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended.* | 10-Q | 000-51222 | May 3, 2011 | 10.25 | |||||||||
10.23 | Amendment Number One to Non-Exclusive Distribution Agreement, between RGH Enterprises, Inc. and DexCom, Inc., dated March 29, 2011.** | 10-Q/A | 000-51222 | July 1, 2011 | 10.26 | |||||||||
10.24 | Amendment No. 2 to the OUS Commercialization Agreement, between Animas Corporation and DexCom, Inc., dated June 7, 2011.** | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2011 | 10.27 |
7
Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
Incorporated by Reference | Exhibit Number |
Provided Herewith |
||||||||||||
Form |
File No. |
Date of |
||||||||||||||
10.25 | Offer letter between DexCom, Inc. and Kevin Sayer dated May 3, 2011.* | 10-Q | 000-51222 | August 3, 2011 | 10.28 | |||||||||||
10.26 | Research and Development Agreement, between Roche Diagnostics Operations, Inc. and Dexcom, Inc. dated November 1, 2011.** | X | ||||||||||||||
21.01 | List of Subsidiaries. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 21.01 | |||||||||||
23.01 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 23.01 | |||||||||||
24.01 | Power of Attorney. | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | ||||||||||||
31.01 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 31.01 | |||||||||||
31.02 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 31.02 | |||||||||||
31.03 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K/A | 000-51222 | March 26, 2012 | 31.03 | |||||||||||
31.04 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | 10-K/A | 000-51222 | March 26, 2012 | 31.04 | |||||||||||
31.05 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | X | ||||||||||||||
31.06 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a). | X | ||||||||||||||
32.01 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*** | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 32.01 | |||||||||||
32.02 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b).*** | 10-K | 000-51222 | February 23, 2012 | 32.02 |
* | Represents a management contract or compensatory plan. |
** | Confidential treatment has been requested for certain portions of this document pursuant to an application for confidential treatment sent to the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such portions are omitted from this filing and were filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
*** | This certification is not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that DexCom specifically incorporates it by reference. |
8