PTC 9-30-13 10-K
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended: September 30, 2013
Commission File Number: 0-18059
 
PTC Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Massachusetts
 
04-2866152
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
140 Kendrick Street, Needham, MA 02494
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(781) 370-5000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share
 
NASDAQ Global Select Market
Securities registered pursuant
to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    YES  þ    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    YES  ¨    NO  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  þ    NO  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  þ    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer  þ
Accelerated Filer  o
Non-accelerated Filer  o
Smaller Reporting Company  o
 
 
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     YES  ¨    NO  þ
The aggregate market value of our voting stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $3,018,836,651 on March 30, 2013 based on the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on March 28, 2013. There were 119,585,470 shares of our common stock outstanding on that day and 119,494,574 shares of our common stock outstanding on November 18, 2013.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement in connection with the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (2014 Proxy Statement) are incorporated by reference into Part III.

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PTC Inc.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR 2013
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Page
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
 
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
 
 
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
 
 
Item 15.
 
 
 
 
 


Table of Contents

Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Annual Report about our anticipated financial results and growth, as well as about the development of our products and markets, are forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and assumptions. Important information about factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements is discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and generally throughout this Annual Report.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to a year reflect our fiscal year that ends on September 30.

PART I

ITEM 1.
Business
PTC Inc. develops and delivers technology solutions, comprised of software and services, that transform the way our customers create and service their products. Our solutions help our customers in discrete manufacturing organizations optimize the activities within individual business functions, including engineering, supply chain, manufacturing and service, and coordinate these processes across the enterprise to create product and service advantage.
Our solutions and software products address the challenges our customers face in the following areas:
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
Effective and collaborative product design across the globe.
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
Management of product development from concept to retirement across the globe.
Application Lifecycle Management (ALM)
Management of global software development.
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Management and optimization of global supply chains.
Service Lifecycle Management (SLM)
Delivery and capture of product intelligence at the point of service.
2013 Business Developments
In 2013, we expanded our technology solution portfolio through the acquisitions of Servigistics, Inc., Enigma Information Systems Ltd. and NetIDEAS, Inc. Servigistics and Enigma significantly expanded our SLM solutions suite and accelerated our ability to help our discrete manufacturing customers transform their service strategies and operations. NetIDEAS was a leading provider of software hosting and technical consulting services in the areas of product development and PLM. The acquisition of NetIDEAS enables us to expand our product deployment offerings to better serve our customers. We also expanded our services partner program as part of our strategy to shift more services business to those partners, enabling us to focus on delivering high-value services to our customers.
Our Markets
The markets we serve present different growth opportunities for us. We believe the PLM, ALM, SCM and SLM markets present the greatest opportunities for revenue growth and revenue from these markets will constitute an increasingly greater proportion of our revenue over time. We believe the market for CAD among small- and medium-size businesses also provides an opportunity for growth. Conversely, the market for CAD among large businesses is highly penetrated and presents a lower growth opportunity for us.
Our Principal Products and Services
We generate revenue through the sale of software licenses, support (which includes technical support and software updates), and services (which include implementation services). We report revenue by line of business (license, service and support), by geographic region, and by product (CAD, Extended PLM and SLM).
CAD

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Our CAD products enable users to create conceptual and detailed designs, analyze designs, perform engineering calculations and leverage the information created downsteam. Our principal CAD products are described below.
PTC Creo® is an interoperable suite of product design software that provides a scalable set of packages for design engineers and that are optimized to meet a variety of specialized needs. PTC Creo provides capabilities for design flexibility, advanced assembly design, piping and cabling design, advanced surfacing, comprehensive virtual prototyping and other essential design functions.
PTC Mathcad® is industry-leading software for solving, analyzing and sharing vital engineering calculations. PTC Mathcad combines the ease and familiarity of an engineering notebook with the powerful features of a dedicated engineering calculations application.
Extended PLM

Extended PLM includes our PLM, ALM and SCM products.
PLM: Our PLM products address common challenges that companies, particularly manufacturing companies, face over the life of the product, from concept to retirement. These software products help customers manage product configuration information through each stage of the product lifecycle, communicate and collaborate with the extended enterprise, and manage change. Our principal PLM products are described below.
PTC Windchill® is production-proven PLM software that offers complete lifecycle intelligence - from design to service. PTC Windchill offers a single source of truth for all phases of the product lifecycle to help companies streamline enterprise-wide communication and make informed decisions.
PTC Creo® View™ enables enterprise-wide visualization, verification, annotation and automated comparison of a wide variety of product development data formats, including CAD (2D and 3D), ECAD, and documents. PTC Creo View provides lightweight access to designs and related data without requiring the original authoring tool.
ALM: Our ALM products are designed for discrete manufacturers where coordination and collaboration between software and hardware teams is critical to understand product release readiness, support variant complexity, automate development processes, ensure complete lifecycle traceability and manage change. Our ALM products enable companies to accelerate innovation of software intensive products. Our principal ALM product is PTC Integrity™.
PTC Integrity™ enables users to manage system models, software configurations, test plans and defects. With PTC Integrity, engineering teams can improve productivity and quality, streamline compliance, and gain complete product visibility, and ultimately drive more innovative products into the market.
SCM: Our SCM products allow manufacturers to collaborate across product development, the supply chain, sourcing and procurement, so they can identify an optimal set of parts, materials and suppliers. SCM accelerates the sourcing process through an automated process with detailed cost modeling and provides visibility into supply chain risk information to balance cost, quality and compliance. Our principal SCM products are described below.
PTC Windchill® FlexPLM® is designed specifically for manufacturers in the Consumer Products and Retail, Footwear and Apparel industries.  PTC Windchill FlexPLM addresses both industry-specific challenges and everyday business pressures. It offers a high-performance, internet-based platform to bring together globally distributed teams. Plus, it provides line planning, specification management, merchandizing, and other essential PLM capabilities for managing a company’s complete assortment of products. 
PTC Windchill Product Analytics is a suite of products that enable manufacturers to assess product compliance, performance and risk early in the innovation process and throughout the product lifecycle. It helps engineers ensure that products meet performance targets at launch, including cost, weight, compliance, and more.
SLM
Our SLM products help manufacturers and their service providers to improve service efficiency and quality.  These include capabilities to support product service and maintenance requirements, service information delivery, service parts planning and optimization, service knowledge management, field service ticketing and scheduling, warranty and contract management, and service analytics. Our principal SLM products are described below.
PTC Servigistics® is a suite of software comprised of products from our recent acquisition of Servigistics, 4CS and Enigma and new PTC organically developed products specialized for service. Together they provide comprehensive SLM software that integrates service planning, delivery and analysis to optimize service outcomes. PTC Servigistics products

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enable a systematic approach to service lifecycle management providing a single view of service throughout the service network for continuous product and service improvement to ensure customer satisfaction. 
PTC Arbortext® is an enterprise software suite for manufacturers to create, illustrate, manage and publish technical and service parts information to improve the operation, maintenance, service and upgrade of equipment throughout its lifecycle.  These products are available in stand-alone configurations as well as integrated with PTC Windchill Service Information Manager and PTC Creo Illustrate to deliver dynamic, product-centric service and parts information.
PTC Global Support
We offer global support plans for our software products. Participating customers receive updates that we make generally available to our support customers and also have direct access to our global technical support team of certified engineers for issue resolution. We also provide self-service support tools that allow our customers access to extensive technical support information.
PTC Global Services
We offer consulting, implementation and training services through our Global Services Organization, with over 1,300 professionals worldwide, as well as through third-party resellers and other strategic partners. Our services create value by helping customers improve product development performance through technology enabled process improvement and multiple deployment paths.
Geographic and Segment Information
We have two reportable segments: Software Products, which includes license and related support revenue for all our products except training-related products, and Services, which includes consulting, implementation, training and license and support revenue for computer-based training products. Financial information about our international and domestic operations, including by segment, may be found in Note N of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Research and Development
We invest heavily in research and development to improve the quality and expand the functionality of our products. Approximately one third of our employees are dedicated to research and development initiatives, conducted primarily in the United States, Israel and India.
Our research and development expenses were $221.9 million in 2013, $215.0 million in 2012 and $211.4 million in 2011. Additional information about our research and development expenditures may be found in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Results of Operations-Costs and Expenses-Research and Development.”
Sales and Marketing
We derive most of our revenue from products and services sold directly by our sales force to end-user customers. Approximately 20% to 25% of our products and services are sold through third-party resellers and other strategic partners. Our sales force focuses on large accounts, while our reseller channel provides a cost-effective means of covering the small- and medium-size business market. Our strategic services partners provide service offerings to help customers implement our product offerings.
Competition
We compete with technology providers who target discrete manufacturers in the following markets: product lifecycle management (PLM), application lifecycle management (ALM), CAD (computer aided design, manufacturing and engineering), supply chain management (SCM) and service lifecycle management (SLM). We compete with a number of companies that offer solutions that address one or more specific functional areas covered by our solutions, including Dassault Systèmes SA and Siemens AG for traditional CAD solutions, PLM solutions, manufacturing planning solutions and visualization and digital mock-up solutions; Oracle Corporation and SAP AG for PLM solutions, SCM solutions and SLM solutions; and IBM Corporation for ALM solutions. We believe our products are more specifically targeted toward the business process challenges of manufacturing companies and offer broader and deeper functionality for those processes than ERP-based solutions. We also compete in the CAD market with design products such as Autodesk, Inc.'s Inventor, Siemens AG's Solid Edge and Dassault Systemes SA's SolidWorks for sales to smaller manufacturing customers.

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Proprietary Rights
Our software products and related technical know-how, along with our trademarks, including our company names, product names and logos, are proprietary. We protect our intellectual property rights in these items by relying on copyrights, trademarks, patents and common law safeguards, including trade secret protection. The nature and extent of such legal protection depends in part on the type of intellectual property right and the relevant jurisdiction. In the U.S., we are generally able to maintain our trademark registrations for as long as the trademarks are in use and to maintain our patents for up to 20 years from the earliest effective filing date. We also use license management and other anti-piracy technology measures, as well as contractual restrictions, to curtail the unauthorized use and distribution of our products.
Our proprietary rights are subject to risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” below. You should read that discussion, which is incorporated into this section by reference.
Backlog
We generally ship our products within 30 days after receipt of a customer order. A high percentage of our license revenue historically has been generated in the third month of each fiscal quarter, and this revenue tends to be concentrated in the latter part of that month. Accordingly, orders may exist at the end of a quarter that have not been shipped and not been recognized as revenue. We do not believe that our backlog at any particular point in time is indicative of future sales levels.
Employees
As of September 30, 2013, we had 6,000 employees, including 2,001 in product development; 2,001 in customer support, training and consulting; 1,362 in sales and marketing; and 636 in general and administration and product distribution. Of these employees, 2,171 were located in the United States and 3,829 were located outside the United States.
Website Access to Reports and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We make available free of charge on our website at www.ptc.com the following reports as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing them with, or furnishing them to, the SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; our Current Reports on Form 8-K; and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Our Proxy Statements for our Annual Meetings and Section 16 trading reports on SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5 also are available on our website. The reference to our website is not intended to incorporate information on our website into this Annual Report by reference.
Our Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers is also available on our website. Additional information about this code and amendments and waivers thereto can be found below in Part III, Item 10 of this Annual Report.
Executive Officers
Information about our executive officers is incorporated by reference from Part III, Item 10 of this Annual Report.
Corporate Information
PTC was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1985 and is headquartered in Needham, Massachusetts.
 
ITEM 1A.
Risk Factors
The following are important factors we have identified that could affect our future results. You should consider them carefully when evaluating forward-looking statements made by us, including those contained in this Annual Report, because these factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. The risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.
I. Operational Considerations
Our operating results fluctuate from quarter to quarter making future operating results difficult to predict.

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Our quarterly operating results historically have fluctuated and are likely to continue to fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including:
•
a high percentage of our revenue historically has been generated in the third month of each fiscal quarter and any failure to receive, complete or process orders at the end of any quarter could cause us to fall short of our revenue targets;
•
a significant percentage of our revenue comes from transactions with large customers, which tend to have long lead times that are less predictable;
•
our operating expenses are largely fixed in the short term and are based on expected revenues and any failure to achieve our revenue targets could cause us to fall short of our earnings targets as well;
•
our mix of license and service revenues can vary from quarter to quarter, creating variability in our operating margins;
•
because a significant portion of our revenue comes from outside the U.S. and a significant portion of our expense structure is located internationally, shifts in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect our reported results; and
•
we may incur significant expenses in a quarter in connection with corporate development initiatives, restructuring efforts or our investigation, defense or settlement of legal actions that would increase our operating expenses and reduce our earnings for the quarter in which those expenses are incurred.
Accordingly, our quarterly results are difficult to predict prior to the end of the quarter and we may be unable to confirm or adjust expectations with respect to our operating results for a particular quarter until that quarter has closed. Any failure to meet our quarterly revenue or earnings targets could adversely impact the market price of our stock.
Our long range financial targets are predicated on revenue growth and operating margin improvements that we may fail to achieve, which could reduce our expected earnings and cause us to fail to meet the expectations of analysts or investors and cause our stock price to decline.
We are projecting revenue growth and operating margin improvements in our long range plan through 2017. Our revenue projections include our expectations regarding revenue growth from sales of our CAD, Extended PLM and SLM products and acquired products.  We expect revenue growth from our Extended PLM and SLM products will exceed revenue growth from our CAD products (which comprised 40% of our revenue in 2013 and the market for which is mature). We may not achieve planned revenue growth if the markets we serve do not grow at expected rates, if we are not able to deliver solutions desired by customers and potential customers, and/or if acquired businesses do not generate the revenue growth that we expect.
We are projecting operating margin improvements predicated on service margin improvements, operating leverage as revenue increases, and improved operating efficiencies, particularly within our sales organization. Services margins are significantly lower than license and support margins. Future projected improvements in our operating margin as a percent of revenue are based in part on our ability to improve services margins by reducing the amount of direct services that we perform through expansion of our service partner program, and improving the profitability of services that we perform. If our services revenue increases as a percentage of total revenue and/or if we are unable to improve our services margins, our overall operating margin may not increase to the levels we expect or may decrease. Additionally, if we do not achieve lower sales and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue through productivity initiatives, we may not achieve our operating margin targets. If operating margins do not improve, our earnings could be adversely affected and our stock price could decline.
Economic weakness in the United States and globally may adversely affect our business.
The past five years have been characterized by weak global economic conditions, tight credit markets, reduced liquidity, and extreme volatility in many financial markets. We experienced a significant decline in revenue in 2009 in all geographic regions in which we operate as customers reduced or deferred purchases of our products and services. Although revenue increased year over year in each of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 (some of which was attributable to acquisitions), the economic environment remains uncertain. If the economic environment does not improve or deteriorates, our business may be unfavorably impacted.
We depend on sales within the discrete manufacturing sector and our revenue has in recent quarters been, and is likely to continue to be, adversely affected if manufacturing activity continues to slow.
A large amount of our revenue is related to sales to customers in the discrete manufacturing sector. We have seen a decline in manufacturing activity and corresponding decreases in spending by customers, which has adversely affected our revenue and may continue to do so until conditions improve.

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A significant portion of our revenue is generated from support contracts; decreases in support renewal rates, or a decrease in the number of new licenses we sell, would negatively impact our future support revenue and operating results.
A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from support contracts. These contracts are generally renewed on an annual basis and typically have a high rate of customer renewal. In addition to the recurring revenue base associated with these contracts, a majority of customers purchasing new perpetual licenses also purchase related annual support contracts. If the rate of renewal for these contracts, or the sale of new licenses decreases, our support revenue growth and profitability will be adversely affected.
We face significant competition, which may reduce our profits and limit or reduce our market share.
The market for product development solutions is rapidly changing and very competitive and there has been a trend in industry consolidation among technology companies. This competition could result in price reductions for our products and services, reduced margins, loss of customers and loss of market share. Our primary competition comes from:
•
larger companies that offer PLM, SLM, SCM, CAD and/or ALM solutions;
•
larger, more well-known enterprise software providers who have extended, or may seek to extend, the functionality of their products to encompass PLM or who may develop and/or purchase PLM technology; and
•
other vendors of various CAD, PLM, SLM, ALM and SCM point solutions.
We must continually modify and enhance our products to keep pace with changing technology and to address our customers’ needs and expectations, and any failure to do so could reduce demand for our products.
Our ability to remain competitive will depend on our ability to enhance our current offerings and develop new products and services that keep pace with technological developments and meet evolving customer requirements. In addition, our solutions must meet customer expectations to be successful. If our solutions fail to meet customer expectations, customers may discontinue adoption of our solutions, resulting in a loss of potential additional sales, and we may be unable to retain existing customers or attract new customers.
Our financial condition could be adversely affected if significant errors or defects are found in our software.
Sophisticated software can sometimes contain errors, defects or other performance problems. If errors or defects are discovered in our current or future products, we may need to expend significant financial, technical and management resources, or divert some of our development resources, in order to resolve or work around those defects, and we may not be able to correct them in a timely manner or provide an adequate response to our customers.
Errors, defects or other performance problems in our products could cause us to delay new product releases or customer deployments. Any such delays could cause delays in our ability to realize revenue from the licensing and shipment of new or enhanced products and give our competitors a greater opportunity to market competing products. Such difficulties could also cause us to lose customers. Technical problems or the loss of customers could also damage our business reputation and cause us to lose new business opportunities.
A breach of security in our products or computer systems may compromise the integrity of our products, harm our reputation, create additional liability and adversely impact our financial results.
We make significant efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our products, source code and computer systems. The risk of a security breach or disruption, particularly through cyber attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. If the security and integrity of our products or systems are breached, our products could cease to function properly; sensitive, proprietary or confidential information of our customers or ours could be accessed without authorization; and other destructive outcomes could occur. If any of these events were to occur, our reputation could be harmed, customers could stop buying our products, we could face lawsuits and potential liability, and our financial results could be negatively impacted.
Businesses we acquire may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipated and may otherwise adversely affect our business.
We have acquired, and intend to continue to acquire, new businesses and technologies. If we fail to successfully integrate and manage the businesses and technologies we acquire, or if an acquisition does not further our business strategy as we expected, our operating results may be adversely affected.

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Moreover, business combinations also involve a number of risks and uncertainties that can adversely affect our operations and operating results, including:
•
difficulties managing an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business or entering new markets where we have limited or no prior experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions;
•
unanticipated operating difficulties in connection with the acquired entities, including potential declines in revenue of the acquired entity;
•
failure to achieve the expected return on our investments which could adversely affect our business or operating results and potentially cause impairment to assets that we recorded as a part of an acquisition including intangible assets and goodwill;
•
diversion of management and employee attention;
•
loss of key personnel;
•
assumption of unanticipated legal or financial liabilities;
•
significant increases in our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition; and
•
if we were to issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with future acquisitions, existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease.
We are dependent on key personnel whose loss could impair our operations, our product development or our sales efforts.
Our success depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly skilled technical and sales personnel.
We require highly skilled technical personnel to develop our products. Competition for such personnel in our industry is intense. If we are unable to attract and retain technical personnel with the requisite skills, our product development efforts could be delayed, which could adversely affect our revenues and profitability.
Our sales efforts rely on having a sufficient number of sales representatives and sales support personnel with the skills and knowledge necessary to sell our products, including an ability to educate our customers about our products in order to create and meet demand for our products. If we are unable to attract or retain sales and sales support personnel with the requisite expertise, our revenue could be adversely affected.
Our sales and operations are globally dispersed, which exposes us to additional operating and compliance risks.
We sell and deliver software and services, and maintain support operations, in a large number of countries whose laws and practices differ from one another. The Americas accounted for 40%, Europe for 37% and Asia-Pacific for 23% of our revenue in 2013. Managing these geographically dispersed operations requires significant attention and resources to ensure compliance with laws. Accordingly, while we strive to maintain a comprehensive compliance program, we cannot guarantee that an employee, agent or business partner will not act in violation of our policies or U.S. or other applicable laws. Such violations can lead to civil and/or criminal prosecutions, substantial fines and the revocation of our rights to continue certain operations and also cause business and reputation loss. For example, as discussed in Risk Factors II. Other Considerations We have been investigating certain matters in China, which matters and related remedial actions could have an adverse effect on our business and our results, we are currently cooperating to provide information to the SEC and Department of Justice in connection with an investigation concerning certain payments and expenses by certain business partners and employees in China that raise questions of compliance with laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and/or compliance with our business policies.
At times we provide extended payment terms to our customers, which may be a factor in our customers’ purchasing decisions, and our revenues could be adversely affected if we ceased making these terms available.
We have provided extended payment terms to certain customers in connection with transactions we have completed with them. Providing extended payment terms may positively influence our customers’ purchasing decisions but may reduce our cash flows in the short-term. If we reduce the amount of extended payment terms we provide to customers, customers might reduce or defer the amount they spend on our products from the amount they might otherwise have spent if extended payment terms were available to them. If this were to occur, our revenue or revenue growth could be lower than in prior periods and/or lower than we expect.
We may be unable to adequately protect our proprietary rights.
Our software products and trademarks, including our company names, product names and logos, are proprietary. We protect our intellectual property rights in these items by relying on copyrights, trademarks, patents and common law

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safeguards, including trade secret protection, as well as restrictions on disclosures and transferability contained in our agreements with other parties. Despite these measures, the laws of all relevant jurisdictions may not afford adequate protection to our products and other intellectual property. In addition, we frequently encounter attempts by individuals and companies to pirate our software. If our measures to protect our intellectual property rights fail, others may be able to use those rights, which could reduce our competitiveness and revenues.
Intellectual property infringement claims could be asserted against us, which could be expensive to defend and could result in limitations on our use of the claimed intellectual property.
The software industry is characterized by frequent litigation regarding copyright, patent and other intellectual property rights. If a lawsuit of this type is filed, it could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel. We cannot be sure that we would prevail against any such asserted claims. If we did not prevail, we could be prevented from using the claimed intellectual property or required to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which might not be available on terms acceptable to us. In addition to possible claims with respect to our proprietary products, some of our products contain technology developed by and licensed from third parties and we may likewise be susceptible to infringement claims with respect to these third-party technologies.
Our current research and development efforts may not generate revenue for several years, if at all.
Developing and localizing software products is expensive, and the investment in product development often involves a long return on investment cycle. We have made and expect to continue to make significant investments in research and development and related product opportunities that could adversely affect our operating results if not offset by revenue increases. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our competitive position.
We may have exposure to additional tax liabilities and our effective tax rate may increase or fluctuate, which could increase our income tax expense and reduce our net income.
As a multinational organization, we are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes in the U.S. and in various foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide income tax provision and other tax liabilities. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many intercompany transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Our tax returns are subject to review by various taxing authorities. Although we believe that our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits or tax disputes could be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals.
Our effective tax rate can be adversely affected by several factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:
•
changes in tax laws, regulations, and interpretations in multiple jurisdictions in which we operate;
•
assessments, and any related tax interest or penalties, by taxing authorities;
•
changes in the relative proportions of revenues and income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate that have differing statutory tax rates;
•
changes to the financial accounting rules for income taxes;
•
unanticipated changes in tax rates; and
•
changes to a valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets, if any.
Because we have substantial cash requirements in the United States and a significant portion of our cash is generated and held outside of the United States, if our cash available in the United States and the cash available under our credit facility is insufficient to meet our operating expenses and debt repayment obligations in the United States, we may be required to raise cash in ways that could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock.
We have significant operations outside the United States. As of September 30, 2013, approximately 85% of our cash and cash equivalents balance was held by subsidiaries outside the United States, with the remainder of the balance held by the U.S. parent or its subsidiaries in the United States. We believe that the combination of our existing United States cash and cash equivalents, proceeds from repayment of an intercompany loan owed to the United States from a foreign subsidiary, future United States operating cash flows and cash available under our credit facility, are sufficient to meet our ongoing United States operating expenses and debt repayment obligations. However, if these sources of cash are insufficient to meet our future financial obligations in the United States, we will be required to seek other available funding sources or means to repatriate cash to the United States, which could negatively impact our results of operations, financial position and the market price of our common stock.

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Our sales to government clients subject us to risks of funding approvals.
We derive revenues from contracts with the U.S. government, state and local governments and their respective agencies. There is increased pressure for governments and their agencies to reduce spending. Many of our federal government contracts contain fiscal funding clauses whereby ongoing funding of the contracts is subject to approval of appropriations by the U.S. Congress. Similarly, our contracts at the state and local levels are subject to government funding authorizations. If additional funding for these contracts is not approved, it could reduce revenue we have recognized and reduce future revenue from such contracts.
II. Other Considerations
We have been investigating certain matters in China, which matters and related remedial actions could have an adverse effect on our business and our results.
We have been cooperating to provide information to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice concerning payments and expenses by certain of our business partners in China and/or by employees of our Chinese subsidiary that raise questions concerning compliance with laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.  Although we have begun discussions with the SEC and Department of Justice regarding possible resolution of this matter, we continue to respond to requests for additional information and cannot predict when or how this matter will be resolved. Resolution of this matter could include fines and penalties, which could significantly impact our cash balances. Any settlement or other resolution of this matter could have collateral effects on our business in China, the United States and elsewhere and could subject us to shareholder suits. Moreover, because we are unable to estimate an amount that could be associated with any resolution, we have not recorded a liability for this matter.  If we are required to record a liability for this matter, this could materially impact our results for the period in which the liability is recorded. 
We terminated certain employees and business partners in China in connection with this matter, which may have an adverse impact on our level of sales in China until replacements for those employees and business partners are in place and productive. Revenue from China has historically represented 6% to 7% of our total revenue.
We are required to comply with certain financial and operating covenants under our credit facility and to make scheduled debt payments as they become due; any failure to comply with those covenants or to make scheduled payments could cause amounts borrowed under the facility to become immediately due and payable or prevent us from borrowing under the facility.
Our credit facility, which consists of a $150 million term loan and a $300 million revolving loan (with an accordion feature that allows us to borrow up to an additional $150 million if the existing or additional lenders agree), matures on August 16, 2017, at which time any amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full. As of September 30, 2013, we had $258 million outstanding under the credit facility, primarily related to our acquisition of Servigistics in October 2012. We may wish to borrow additional amounts under the facility in the future to support our operations, including for strategic acquisitions.
We are required to comply with specified financial and operating covenants and to make scheduled repayments of our term loan, which limit our ability to operate our business as we otherwise might operate it. Our failure to comply with any of these covenants or to meet any payment obligations under the facility could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, would result in any amounts outstanding, including any accrued interest and unpaid fees, becoming immediately due and payable. We might not have sufficient working capital or liquidity to satisfy any repayment obligations in the event of an acceleration of those obligations. In addition, if we are not in compliance with the financial and operating covenants at the time we wish to borrow funds, we will be unable to borrow funds.
Our stock price has been volatile, which may make it harder to resell your shares at a time and at a price that is favorable to you.
Market prices for securities of software companies are generally volatile and are subject to significant fluctuations unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of ours, may not be predictable. Negative changes in the public’s perception of the prospects of software companies, or of PTC or the markets we serve, could depress our stock price regardless of our operating results.
Also, a large percentage of our common stock is held by institutional investors. Purchases and sales of our common stock by these institutional investors could have a significant impact on the market price of the stock. For more information about those investors, please see our proxy statement with respect to our most recent annual meeting of stockholders and Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC with respect to our common stock.

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ITEM 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

ITEM 2.
Properties

We currently lease 113 offices used in operations in the United States and internationally, predominately as sales and/or support offices and for research and development work. Of our total of approximately 1,371,000 square feet of leased facilities used in operations, approximately 581,000 square feet are located in the U.S., including 321,000 square feet of our headquarters facility located in Needham, Massachusetts, and approximately 195,000 square feet are located in India, where a significant amount of our research and development is conducted. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our present and foreseeable needs.

ITEM 3.
Legal Proceedings
We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We currently believe that resolving these matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Should any of these legal matters be resolved against us, the operating results for a particular reporting period could be adversely affected.
 
ITEM 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.
PART II
 
ITEM 5.
Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Information with respect to the market for our common stock is located in Selected Consolidated Financial Data beginning on page F-36 of this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
On September 30, 2013, the close of our fiscal year, our common stock was held by 1,519 shareholders of record. As of November 18, 2013, our common stock was held by 1,511 shareholders of record.
We do not pay cash dividends on our common stock and we retain earnings for use in our business. Although we review our dividend policy periodically, our review may not cause us to pay any dividends in the future. Further, our credit facility requires us to maintain specified leverage and fixed-charge ratios that limit the amount of dividends that we could pay.
The table below shows the shares of our common stock we repurchased in the fourth quarter of 2013.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period (1)
 
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased 
 
Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) 
 
Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs 
 
Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares (or Units)
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or Programs 
 
June 30 - July 27, 2013
—

—

—

$45,087,499(2)
July 28 - August 24, 2013
—

—

—

$45,087,499(2)
August 25 - September 30, 2013
709,076

$
28.15

709,076

$100,000,000(2)
Total
709,076

$
28.15

709,076

$100,000,000(2)

 
(1) Periods are our fiscal months within the fiscal quarter.
(2) In September 2012, our Board authorized us to repurchase up to $100 million worth of our shares in the period October 1, 2012 through September 30, 2013, which repurchase program we announced on October 31, 2012. In September 2013,

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our Board authorized us to repurchase up to $100 million worth of our shares in the period October 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014, which repurchase program we announced on November 6, 2013.

ITEM 6.
Selected Financial Data

Our five-year summary of selected financial data and quarterly financial data for the past two years is located on page F-36 of this Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
Statements in this Annual Report about anticipated financial results and growth, as well as about the development of our products and markets, are forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans and assumptions. Important information about the bases for these plans and assumptions and factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from these statements is contained below and in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report.
Unless otherwise indicated, all references to a year reflect our fiscal year that ends on September 30.
Executive Overview
We achieved our non-GAAP operating margin and non-GAAP earnings per share targets for 2013 in the face of a challenging macroeconomic environment. Cost containment measures and restructuring actions completed during the year enabled us to achieve these results despite lower than expected revenue. Non-GAAP operating margin grew 16% (247 basis points) to 22.1% in 2013 from 19.6% in 2012 and non-GAAP earnings per share increased 20% to $1.81 in 2013 from $1.51 in 2012.
We delivered GAAP earnings per share of $1.19 for 2013, up from a loss of $0.30 in 2012, and GAAP operating margin of 9.8% in 2013 compared with 10.2% in 2012. Our GAAP results reflect higher restructuring charges in 2013 compared to 2012 (by $27 million), the recording of a valuation allowance against U.S. net deferred tax assets in 2012 (resulting in a non-cash income tax charge of $124 million), the reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance in 2013 ($37 million) as a result of accounting for acquisitions in 2013, and an $8 million tax benefit associated with accounting for our U.S. pension plan. The restructuring charges and tax items were excluded from our non-GAAP measures, as well as the other items described in our reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to GAAP results under Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Measures below.
For 2013, total revenue was up 3% year over year (up 4% on a constant currency basis) to $1,294 million ($1,297 million on a non-GAAP basis). On an organic basis, excluding revenue from businesses acquired in 2013 ($95 million), total revenue was down 5% year over year (down 3% on a constant currency basis).  Total license revenue for 2013 was $344 million, a decrease of 1% year over year (up 1% on a constant currency basis).  On an organic basis (excluding license revenue from businesses acquired of $27 million), total license revenue was down 9% year over year (down 7% on a constant currency basis).  Both total revenue and license revenue were unfavorably impacted by the slowdown in the global manufacturing industry, particularly in Europe and the Americas, and unfavorable currency movements, particularly in the Japanese Yen. From a geographic perspective, while organic license revenue in the Americas and Europe in 2013 was soft, reflecting ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty, we saw somewhat of a rebound in Europe and the Pacific Rim in the fourth quarter of 2013, and solid growth in Japan in 2013 (which was positively impacted by higher large deal revenue, partially offset by unfavorable currency movements).  Our service revenue was down year over year, on both a reported and organic basis, due to lower license sales in recent periods driving less overall demand for services and, in part, due to expansion of our service partner program, under which certain service opportunities are referred to partners. 
We ended 2013 with $242 million of cash, down from $490 million at the end 2012, reflecting, in part, our acquisitions of Servigistics, Enigma and NetIDEAS for a total of $246 million, $112 million used to repay a portion of the balance outstanding under our credit facility and $75 million used for stock repurchases, partially offset by $225 million of cash generated from operations.  As of September 30, 2013, we had $184 million available under the revolving loan portion of our credit facility.
Non-GAAP measures are reconciled to GAAP results under Results of Operations - Non-GAAP Measures below.
Future Expectations, Strategies and Risks
The slowdown in the global manufacturing industry, uncertainty about the near-term economic environment and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rates were headwinds for revenue growth in fiscal 2013. While we have seen some

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indications of improvements in global manufacturing economic conditions, there is still a significant level of uncertainty in terms of the level and speed at which growth will resume. We expect modest revenue growth in 2014 and we expect an increase in non-GAAP operating margin to 25%, driven by: (1) continued vigilance on cost controls and cost savings from restructuring actions; (2) increased sales productivity; and (3) improvement in services non-GAAP net margin to approximately 15%. For 2014, our goal is to achieve year-over-year revenue growth of 2% to 3%. This revenue goal includes license revenue growth of 2% to 6%, support revenue growth of approximately 3%, and service revenue growth of approximately 2%. Our 2014 earnings goals are to achieve non-GAAP operating margin expansion of 300 basis points, from 22% in 2013 to approximately 25% in 2014 (expansion of GAAP operating margins from 10% in 2013 to approximately 17% in 2014) and non-GAAP earnings per share of $2.00 to $2.10 (GAAP earnings per share of $1.29 to $1.37). If economic conditions do not improve or deteriorate further, or if foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar differ significantly from our current assumed rates, our results could differ materially from our targets. Our targets assume rates of $1.35 USD to one Euro and 98 Yen to one USD.
Also, our results have been impacted, and we expect will continue to be impacted, by our ability to close large transactions. The amount of revenue, particularly license revenue, attributable to large transactions, and the number of such transactions, may vary significantly from quarter to quarter based on customer purchasing decisions and macroeconomic conditions. Our growth rates have become increasingly dependent on adoption of our solutions by large direct customers. Such transactions tend to be larger in size and may have long lead times as they often follow a lengthy product selection and evaluation process. This may cause volatility in our results.
Impact of an Investigation in China
We have been cooperating to provide information to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice concerning payments and expenses by certain of our business partners in China and/or by employees of our Chinese subsidiary that raise questions concerning compliance with laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.  Although we have begun discussions with the SEC and Department of Justice regarding possible resolution of this matter, we continue to respond to requests for information and cannot predict when or how this matter may be resolved. Resolution of this matter could include fines and penalties; however we are unable to estimate an amount that could be associated with any resolution and, accordingly, we have not recorded a liability for this matter.  If we are required to record a liability for this matter, or to pay fines or penalties associated with this matter, this could materially impact our results for the period in which the liability is recorded or such amounts are paid. Further, any settlement or other resolution of this matter could have collateral effects on our business in China, the United States and elsewhere.
 
We terminated certain employees and business partners in China in connection with this matter, which may have an adverse impact on our level of sales in China until replacements for those employees and business partners are in place and productive. Revenue from China has historically represented 6% to 7% of our total revenue.
Revenue, Operating Margin, Earnings per Share and Cash Flow
The following table shows the financial measures that we consider the most significant indicators of the performance of our business. In addition to providing operating income, operating margin, and diluted earnings per share as calculated under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), it shows non-GAAP operating income, operating margin, and diluted earnings per share for the reported periods. These non-GAAP measures exclude fair value adjustments related to acquired deferred support revenue, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets expense, acquisition-related charges and gains, restructuring charges, certain identified gains or charges included in non-operating other income (expense) and the related tax effects of the preceding items, as well as the tax items identified. Excluding those expenses and items provides investors another view of our operating results that is aligned with management budgets and with performance criteria in our incentive compensation plans. Management uses, and investors should use, non-GAAP measures in conjunction with our GAAP results. We discuss the non-GAAP measures in detail under Non-GAAP Measures below.
 

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2013
 
2012
 
Percent Change 2012 to 2013
 
2011
 
Percent Change 2011 to 2012
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
(Dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)
License revenue
$
344.2

 
$
348.4

 
(1
)%
 
1
%
 
$
342.1

 
2
%
 
4
%
Service revenue
294.7

 
295.3

 
—
 %
 
1
%
 
267.1

 
11
%
 
13
%
Support revenue
654.7

 
611.9

 
7
 %
 
9
%
 
557.7

 
10
%
 
12
%
Total revenue
1,293.5

 
1,255.7

 
3
 %
 
4
%
 
1,166.9

 
8
%
 
10
%
Total costs and expenses (1)
1,166.2

 
1,127.6

 
3
 %
 
4
%
 
1,049.8

 
7
%
 
9
%
Operating income (1)
$
127.3

 
$
128.1

 
(1
)%
 
7
%
 
$
117.1

 
9
%
 
15
%
Non-GAAP operating income (1)
$
286.3

 
$
246.8

 
16
 %
 
20
%
 
$
206.6

 
20
%
 
23
%
Operating margin (1)
9.8
%
 
10.2
%
 
 
 
 
 
10.0
%
 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP operating margin (1)
22.1
%
 
19.6
%
 
 
 
 
 
17.7
%
 
 
 
 
GAAP diluted earnings(loss) per share (2)
$
1.19

 
$
(0.30
)
 
 
 
 
 
$
0.71

 
 
 
 
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (2)
$
1.81

 
$
1.51

 
 
 
 
 
$
1.26

 
 
 
 
Cash flow from operations (3)
$
224.7

 
$
218.0

 
 
 
 
 
$
78.7

 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Costs and expenses in 2013, included $52.2 million of restructuring charges and $9.9 million of acquisition-related costs. Costs and expenses in 2012 included $24.9 million of restructuring charges and $3.8 million of acquisition-related costs compared to $7.8 million of acquisition-related costs in 2011. These restructuring and acquisition-related costs have been excluded from non-GAAP operating income. In the first quarter of 2011, we entered into a strategic contract with an automotive customer for which we expected costs to exceed revenue by approximately $5 million. This loss was recorded in the first quarter of 2011 and resulted in a decrease in GAAP and non-GAAP operating income of approximately $5 million in 2011.
(2)
GAAP earnings per share in 2013 includes (i) non-cash tax benefits of $36.7 million related to the release of a portion of the valuation allowance as a result of deferred tax liabilities established for acquisitions recorded in 2013, (ii) tax benefits of $3.2 million relating to the final resolution of a long standing tax litigation matter and completion of an international jurisdiction tax audit, (iii) a non-cash tax benefit of $7.9 million related to the release of a portion of the valuation allowance in the U.S. as a result of a pension gain (decrease in unrecognized actuarial loss) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and (iv) a $2.6 million benefit relating to a tax audit in a foreign jurisdiction of an acquired company. Earnings per share in 2013 also includes a gain on investment of $0.6 million, and a legal settlement gain of $5.1 million. The GAAP loss per share in 2012 includes a non-cash net tax charge of $124.5 million recorded in the fourth quarter to establish a valuation allowance against our U.S. net deferred tax assets and the following additional items: $5.4 million, net primarily related to foreign tax credits which would be fully realized on a non-GAAP basis; $3.3 million primarily related to acquired legal entity integration activities; and $1.4 million related to the impact from a reduction in the statutory tax rate in Japan on deferred tax assets from a litigation settlement. GAAP earnings per share in 2011 includes foreign currency losses of $4.4 million related to our acquisition of MKS; $0.7 million of foreign currency losses related to a litigation settlement; and a non-cash tax provision of $1.9 million in connection with a legal entity reorganization. The items above have been excluded from non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for each respective period.
(3)
In the first quarter of 2011, we used $48 million, net, of cash in connection with the resolution of a litigation matter.

Results of Operations
Acquisitions
In 2013, we completed the acquisitions of Servigistics, Enigma and NetIDEAS. In 2011, we completed the acquisitions of MKS and 4CS. The results of operations of these acquired businesses have been included in our consolidated financial statements beginning on their respective acquisition dates. Servigistics, Enigma and NetIDEAS added $94.9 million ($97.9 million on a non-GAAP basis) to our 2013 revenue, substantially all of which is included in SLM revenue. MKS and 4CS added $81.5 million ($84.0 million on a non-GAAP basis) and $26.8 million ($29.4 million on a non-GAAP basis) to our 2012 and 2011 revenue, respectively, substantially all of which is included in Extended PLM revenue.

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Impact of Foreign Currency Exchange on Results of Operations
Approximately two thirds of our revenue and half of our expenses are transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency translation affects our reported results because we report our results of operations in U.S. Dollars. Changes in currency exchange rates in 2013 and 2012 compared to 2012 and 2011, particularly for the Yen and the Euro, reduced both revenue and expenses. Conversely, in 2011, our revenue and expenses increased as a result of changes in currency rates. If actual reported results were converted into U.S. dollars based on the corresponding prior year’s foreign currency exchange rates, 2013 and 2012 revenue would have been higher by $18.2 million and $25.2 million, respectively, expenses would have been higher by $8.8 million and $19.2 million, respectively, and 2011 revenue would have been lower by $36.8 million, and 2011 expenses would have been lower by $21.0 million. The net impact on year-over-year results would have been an increase in operating income of $9.4 million and $6.0 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively, and a decrease in operating income of $15.8 million in 2011. The results of operations, revenue by line of business and revenue by geographic region in the tables that follow present both actual percentage changes year over year and percentage changes on a constant currency basis.
Revenue
We report our revenue by line of business (license, service and support), by solution area (CAD, Extended PLM and SLM) and by geographic region (Americas, Europe, Pacific Rim and Japan).
Results include combined revenue from direct sales and our channel.
Revenue by Line of Business
 
Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
Percent Change 2012 to 2013
 
2012
 
Percent Change 2011 to 2012
 
2011
 
$ Amount
 
% of Total Revenue
 
Actual
 
Constant Currency
 
$ Amount
 
% of Total Revenue
 
Actual
 
Constant Currency
 
$ Amount
 
% of Total Revenue
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
License revenue
$
344.2

 
27
%
 
(1
)%
 
1
%
 
$
348.4

 
28
%
 
2
%
 
4
%
 
$
342.1

 
29
%
Service revenue
294.7

 
23
%
 
—
 %
 
1
%
 
295.3

 
23
%
 
11
%
 
13
%
 
267.1

 
23
%
Support revenue
654.7

 
50
%
 
7
 %
 
9
%
 
611.9

 
49
%
 
10
%
 
12
%
 
557.7

 
48
%
Total revenue
$
1,293.5

 
100
%
 
3
 %
 
4
%
 
$
1,255.7

 
100
%
 
8
%
 
10
%
 
$
1,166.9

 
100
%


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Revenue by Solution
Year ended September 30,
 
 
 
Percent Change
 
 
 
Percent Change
 
 
 
2013
 
Actual
 
Constant Currency
 
2012
 
Actual
 
Constant Currency
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
CAD
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
License revenue
$
150.4

 
(5
)%
 
(4
)%
 
$
159.0

 
(9
)%
 
(7
)%
 
$
174.2

Service revenue
24.0

 
(21
)%
 
(19
)%
 
30.4

 
(17
)%
 
(15
)%
 
36.6

Support revenue
378.1

 
(2
)%
 
—
 %
 
384.0

 
2
 %
 
4
 %
 
377.0

Total revenue
$
552.5

 
(4
)%
 
(2
)%
 
$
573.5

 
(2
)%
 
—
 %
 
$
587.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Extended PLM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
License revenue
$
149.8

 
(13
)%
 
(11
)%
 
$
171.3

 
20
 %
 
21
 %
 
$
143.0

Service revenue
205.9

 
(12
)%
 
(11
)%
 
233.0

 
14
 %
 
17
 %
 
204.9

Support revenue
216.6

 
8
 %
 
9
 %
 
200.0

 
29
 %
 
31
 %
 
155.2

Total revenue
$
572.3

 
(5
)%
 
(4
)%
 
$
604.3

 
20
 %
 
23
 %
 
$
503.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SLM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
License revenue
$
44.1

 
145
 %
 
147
 %
 
$
18.0

 
(28
)%
 
(26
)%
 
$
24.9

Service revenue
64.7

 
103
 %
 
104
 %
 
31.9

 
24
 %
 
25
 %
 
25.6

Support revenue
60.0

 
115
 %
 
116
 %
 
28.0

 
10
 %
 
12
 %
 
25.5

Total revenue
$
168.7

 
117
 %
 
118
 %
 
$
77.9

 
2
 %
 
4
 %
 
$
76.0


License Revenue
The amount of license revenue attributable to large transactions, and the number of such transactions, may vary significantly from period to period and by geographic region. We had three transactions with license revenue in excess of $5 million in 2013 (two in Japan and one in the Americas), four in 2012 (two in the Americas and two in Europe) and five in 2011 (three in the Americas, one in Europe and one in Japan).
2013 compared to 2012

The decline in license revenue in 2013 reflects year-over-year declines of 2% in the Americas and 12% in Europe. These declines were partially offset by growth in Japan of 32% (58% on a constant currency basis) and an increase in the Pacific Rim of 3%. Results reflect continued softness in Europe reflecting lower license revenue from large license transactions, particularly sales of Extended PLM products, which we attribute to macroeconomic conditions in that region. Additionally, macroeconomic conditions remain uncertain in the Americas, which we believe has continued to impact results, with growth slowing in the fourth quarter when compared to a strong fourth quarter of 2012. However, we are optimistic about the long-term outlook in both Europe (where we had solid growth in license revenue in the fourth quarter of 2013, compared to the fourth quarter of 2012) and the Americas and expect modest growth in 2014 relative to 2013, provided we begin to see further economic recovery in 2014.
Organic license revenue in 2013 was down 9% on a year-over-year basis. License revenue from businesses acquired in 2013, which was the primary contributor to growth in SLM license revenue in 2013, was $26.8 million.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted license revenue by $6.1 million in 2013 compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
License revenue of $348.4 million in 2012 increased $6.3 million from 2011, primarily due to a $15.8 million increase in license revenue from our MKS and 4CS businesses acquired in the second half of 2011 ($26.2 million in 2012 compared to $10.4 million in 2011) partially offset by unfavorable currency movements. From a geographic standpoint, license revenue increases in the Pacific Rim of 22% ($14.0 million) and Japan of 5% ($1.4 million) were partially offset by a decrease in Europe of 7% ($8.4 million). Americas license revenue was flat in 2012 compared to 2011.
 

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Extended PLM license revenue, while negatively impacted by our performance in Europe, grew in 2012 compared to 2011 due to the increased license revenue contribution from MKS and 4CS and sales of PTC Windchill, which were 19% ($18.3 million) higher. CAD license revenue declined in 2012 compared to 2011 due to a decline in PTC Creo license sales (which comprise almost all of CAD license revenue) in 2012 after a strong year in 2011.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted license revenue by $6.5 million in 2012 compared to 2011.
Service Revenue
Consulting and training services engagements typically result from sales of new licenses, particularly of our Extended PLM and SLM solutions. Year over year, service revenue for 2013 was down overall and on an organic basis. Organic service revenue was down 13% ($37.7 million); service revenue from businesses acquired in 2013 was $37.0 million, which was the primary contributor to growth in SLM service revenue in 2013. Year over year, our organic consulting service revenue, which primarily supports PTC Windchill implementations, was down 14% from 2013 to 2012. Year over year, our organic training business, which typically represents about 15% of our total service revenue, was down 6%. We attribute the declines in organic total service revenue and consulting service revenue to lower license revenue in recent quarters and to success we are having in expanding our service partner program. Our service partner program, under which service engagements are referred to third party service providers, is part of our overall margin expansion strategy. As our service partners increase their delivery capabilities and perform additional service engagements, we expect service revenue to decline as a percentage of total revenue, which we expect will contribute to overall operating margin improvements as service revenue has lower margins than license and support revenue.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted service revenue by $2.7 million in 2013 compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
Increased Extended PLM license sales in 2012 had a favorable impact on service revenue. In 2012, compared to 2011, consulting revenue was up 11% ($24.9 million) and training revenue was up 9% ($3.3 million). MKS and 4CS contributed $18.1 million to service revenue in 2012 and $6.3 million in 2011. Excluding MKS and 4CS, service revenue increased 6% ($16.4 million) in 2012 as compared to 2011.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted service revenue by $6.8 million in 2012 compared to 2011.
Support Revenue
Support revenue is comprised of contracts to maintain new and/or previously purchased software. We saw steady growth in support revenue in 2012 and 2013, with total seats under maintenance up 13% year over year in both periods. CAD and Extended PLM support seats increased 2% and 12%, respectively, as of the end of 2013 compared to the end of 2012. Organic support revenue increased 2% ($11.6 million) in 2013 compared to 2012. Support revenue from businesses acquired in 2013 was $31.1 million,which was the primary contributor to growth in SLM support revenue in 2013.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted support revenue by $9.4 million in 2013 compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
MKS and 4CS contributed $37.2 million to support revenue in 2012 and $10.2 million in 2011, which was the primary contributor to the growth in Extended PLM support revenue in 2012. Excluding MKS and 4CS, support revenue increased 5% ($27.2 million) in 2012 as compared to 2011. CAD and Extended PLM seats under support increased 3% and 15%, respectively, as of the end of 2012, compared to the end of 2011.

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates unfavorably impacted support revenue by $11.8 million in 2012 compared to 2011.
Revenue from Individual Customers
We enter into customer contracts that may result in revenue being recognized over multiple reporting periods. Accordingly, revenue recognized in a current period may be attributable to contracts entered into during the current period or in prior periods. License and/or service revenue of $1 million or more recognized from individual customers in a single quarter

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during the fiscal year from contracts entered into during that quarter and/or a prior quarter is shown in the table below. The amount of revenue, particularly license revenue, attributable to such large transactions, and the number of such transactions, may vary significantly from quarter to quarter based on customer purchasing decisions, the completion of large services engagements commenced in previous quarters and macroeconomic conditions.
Revenue from large transactions in 2013, compared to 2012,was higher in Japan and the Pacific Rim and lower in the Americas and Europe. We believe that the results in the Americas and Europe reflect unfavorable economic conditions in those regions. Revenue from large customers in 2012, compared to 2011, reflects growth in consulting projects, a slight decline in Extended PLM license revenue, and a decline in CAD license revenue resulting in a lower overall mix of license revenue. The license revenue portion of this metric was 48% in 2013, compared to 44% in 2012 and 52% in 2011. The 2012 decline in license revenue as a percentage of the total is due to a particularly strong comparison period in 2011 due in part to our launch of PTC Creo in 2011.
 
Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
License and/or service revenue of $1 million or more recognized from individual customers in a quarter
$
271.2

 
$
274.3

 
$
270.3

% of total license and service revenue
42
%
 
43
%
 
44
%
Revenue by Geographic Region
 
 
2013
 
 
 
Percent Change
 
2012
 
 
 
Percent Change
 
2011
 
% of Total Revenue
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
% of Total Revenue
 
Actual
 
Constant
Currency
 
% of Total Revenue
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
 
Revenue by region:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Americas
$
522.8

 
40
%
 
9
 %
 
9
 %
 
$
479.9

 
38
%
 
12
%
 
12
%
 
$
429.2

37
%
Europe
$
479.9

 
37
%
 
—
 %
 
(1
)%
 
$
480.3

 
38
%
 
3
%
 
9
%
 
$
466.5

40
%
Pacific Rim
$
161.6

 
13
%
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
$
160.8

 
13
%
 
9
%
 
10
%
 
$
148.0

13
%
Japan
$
129.3

 
10
%
 
(4
)%
 
12
 %
 
$
134.6

 
11
%
 
9
%
 
6
%
 
$
123.2

10
%
Americas
2013 compared to 2012
Revenue in the Americas increased $42.9 million in 2013 compared to 2012 consisting of an increase of 11% ($12.7 million) in service revenue, an increase of 14% ($32.4 million) in support revenue, partially offset by a decrease of 2% ($2.2 million) in license revenue. Organic revenue was down 5% ($25.4 million) in 2013; total revenue in the Americas from businesses that we acquired in 2013 was $68.3 million. While the macroeconomic environment remains soft in the Americas, we are optimistic about the long-term outlook for this region provided we begin to see further economic recovery in 2014.
2012 compared to 2011
Revenue in the Americas increased $50.7 million in 2012 compared to 2011 consisting of an increase of 14% ($28.3 million) in support revenue and an increase of 24% ($23.1 million) in service revenue. License revenue was flat in 2012 compared to 2011 which reflected declines in the first nine months of 2012 offset by a relatively strong fourth quarter. MKS and 4CS contributed revenue of $43.7 million in 2012 compared to $13.1 million in 2011.
Europe
2013 compared to 2012
Revenue in Europe decreased $0.4 million in 2013 compared to 2012 consisting of a decrease in license revenue of 12% ($13.7 million) and a decrease in service revenue of 2% ($1.8 million), partially offset by an increase in support revenue of 6% ($15.1 million). Organic total revenue and license revenue were down 3% and 18%, respectively, in 2013; total revenue in Europe from businesses that we acquired in 2013 was $15.1 million. Although the macroeconomic environment in Europe remains uncertain and revenue has been declining in this region, economic indicators suggest a recovery may be underway (our fourth quarter of 2013 showed signs of improvement). We expect performance in this region to improve in 2014 relative to 2013.

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Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, increased revenue in Europe by $2.9 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
Revenue in Europe increased $13.8 million in 2012 compared to 2011 consisting of an increase in service revenue of 6% ($6.4 million) and an increase in support revenue of 7% ($15.8 million), partially offset by a decrease in license revenue of 7% ($8.4 million). Our license revenue results in Europe in 2012, particularly in the fourth quarter, reflected lower license sales to large customers which we attribute to global economic uncertainty and unfavorable currency movements. Total CAD and Extended PLM license revenue decreased 5% ($3.2 million) and 9% ($4.5 million), respectively, in 2012 compared to 2011. MKS and 4CS contributed revenue of $23.5 million in 2012 compared to $9.7 million in 2011.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro, reduced revenue in Europe by $27.1 million in 2012 as compared to 2011.
Pacific Rim
2013 compared to 2012
Revenue in the Pacific Rim increased $0.8 million in 2013 compared to 2012 consisting of an increase of 8% ($3.8 million) in support revenue and an increase of 3% ($2.2 million) in license revenue, partially offset by a decrease of 14% ($5.2 million) in service revenue. Organic revenue was down 1% in 2013; total revenue from businesses that we acquired in 2013 in the Pacific Rim was $1.8 million.
Revenue from China has historically represented 6% to 7% of our total revenue. In 2013, compared to 2012, revenue in China decreased 3% and represented 6% of total revenue.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates impacted revenue in the Pacific Rim favorably by $0.9 million in 2013 compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
Revenue in the Pacific Rim increased $12.8 million in 2012 compared to 2011 consisting of a 22% ($13.9 million) increase in license revenue and an increase of 8% ($3.3 million) in support revenue, partially offset by a decrease in service revenue of 10% ($4.4 million). Revenue from China increased 2% in 2012 compared to 2011. MKS and 4CS contributed revenue of $2.6 million in 2012 and $0.8 million in 2011.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates reduced revenue in the Pacific Rim by $2.6 million in 2012 as compared to 2011.
Japan
2013 compared to 2012
Revenue in Japan decreased $5.3 million in 2013 compared to 2012 due primarily to unfavorable currency movements partially offset by higher revenue from large transactions. The decrease in revenue in Japan in 2013 compared to 2012 included an increase of 32% ($9.6 million) in license revenue, offset by a decrease of 28% ($6.4 million) in service revenue, and a decrease of 10% ($8.6 million) in support revenue. Organic total revenue and license revenue were down 11% and up 19%, respectively, in 2013; total revenue and license revenue in Japan from businesses that we acquired in 2013 was $9.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates reduced revenue in Japan by $21.6 million in 2013 as compared to 2012.
2012 compared to 2011
Revenue in Japan increased $11.5 million in 2012 compared to 2011 consisting of a 5% ($1.4 million) increase in license revenue, a 16% ($3.2 million) increase in service revenue and a 9% ($6.9 million) increase in support revenue. Our MKS and 4CS acquisitions contributed revenue of $11.8 million in 2012 and $3.2 million in 2011.
Changes in foreign currency exchange rates increased revenue in Japan by $4.6 million in 2012 as compared to 2011.


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Table of Contents

Gross Margin

 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Gross margin
$
920.5

 
4
%
 
$
883.6

 
9
%
 
$
810.2

Non-GAAP gross margin
951.6

 
4
%
 
910.8

 
9
%
 
835.9

Gross margin as a % of revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
License
90
%
 
 
 
91
%
 
 
 
92
%
Service
12
%
 
 
 
10
%
 
 
 
2
%
Support
88
%
 
 
 
88
%
 
 
 
88
%
Gross margin as a % of total revenue
71
%
 
 
 
70
%
 
 
 
69
%
Non-GAAP gross margin as a % of total non-GAAP revenue
73
%
 
 
 
72
%
 
 
 
71
%

Gross margin as a percentage of total revenue in 2013 compared to the year-ago periods reflects higher service margins, partially offset by lower license margins primarily attributable to lower license revenue and higher amortization of acquired purchased software. License revenue, which generates the highest gross margins, was 27% of total revenue in 2013, compared to 28% in 2012 and 29% in 2011. Service margins in 2013 and 2012 have been improving due in part to reducing the amount of direct services that we perform through expansion of our service partner program. Service revenue comprised 23% of our total revenue in 2013, 2012 and 2011.
Costs and Expenses
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Cost of license revenue
$
33.0

 
8
 %
 
 
$
30.6

 
6
 %
 
 
$
28.8

Cost of service revenue
259.0

 
(2
)%
 
 
265.5

 
2
 %
 
 
260.7

Cost of support revenue
81.1

 
7
 %
 
 
76.1

 
13
 %
 
 
67.3

Sales and marketing
360.6

 
(5
)%
 
 
377.8

 
7
 %
 
 
353.0

Research and development
221.9

 
3
 %
 
 
215.0

 
2
 %
 
 
211.4

General and administrative
131.9

 
12
 %
 
 
117.5

 
7
 %
 
 
110.3

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
26.5

 
30
 %
 
 
20.3

 
11
 %
 
 
18.3

Restructuring and other charges
52.2

 
109
 %
 
 
24.9

 
 
 
 
—

Total costs and expenses
$
1,166.2

 
3
 %
(1) 
 
$
1,127.6

 
7
 %
(1) 
 
$
1,049.8

Total headcount at end of period
6,000

 
2
 %
 
 
5,897

 
(4
)%
 
 
6,122

 
 
(1)
On a consistent foreign currency basis from the prior period, total costs and expenses increased 4% from 2012 to 2013 and increased 9% from 2011 to 2012.

2013 compared to 2012
Costs and expenses in 2013 compared to 2012 increased primarily as a result of the following:
•
restructuring charges of $52.2 million in 2013 compared to $24.9 million in 2012, primarily for severance and other related costs associated with the termination of approximately 550 employees;
•
an increase in employee headcount as a result of our acquisitions of Servigistics, Enigma and NetIDEAS, which when acquired had a total of approximately 485 employees;
•
company-wide merit pay increases effective on February 1, 2012 (approximately $11 million on an annualized basis), which resulted in an increase in salary expense across all functional organizations;
•
acquisition-related costs (included in general and administrative) of $9.9 million, which were $6.0 million higher than 2012; and

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•
increased amortization of acquired intangible assets, primarily related to our acquisition of Servigistics.
These cost increases were partially offset by cost savings associated with restructuring actions in 2012 and 2013 (described directly above and below) and the impact of foreign currency movements which favorably impacted costs and expenses by $8.8 million in 2013.
2012 compared to 2011
Costs and expenses in 2012 compared to 2011 increased primarily as a result of the following:
•
restructuring charges of $24.9 million primarily for severance and other related costs associated with the termination of approximately 210 employees;
•
higher cost of service in support of services revenue growth;
•
investments in our direct sales force;
•
an increase of approximately 500 employees in connection with our acquisitions of MKS and 4CS; and
•
company-wide salary increases effective on February 1, 2012 and 2011 (both salary increases were approximately $11 million on an annualized basis), which resulted in an increase in salary expense across all functional organizations.
These cost increases were partially offset by cost savings associated with restructuring actions in 2012, the impact of foreign currency movements which favorably impacted costs and expenses by $19.2 million and lower acquisition-related costs (included in general and administrative), which were $3.8 million in 2012 compared to $7.8 million in 2011.
Cost of License Revenue
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Cost of license revenue
$
33.0

 
8
%
 
$
30.6

 
6
%
 
$
28.8

% of total revenue
3
%
 
 
 
2
%
 
 
 
2
%
% of total license revenue
10
%
 
 
 
9
%
 
 
 
8
%
Our cost of license revenue primarily consists of amortization of acquired purchased software intangible assets, fixed and variable costs associated with reproducing and distributing software and documentation and royalties paid to third parties for technology embedded in or licensed with our software products. Cost of license revenue as a percent of license revenue can vary depending on product mix sold, the effect of fixed and variable royalties, and the level of amortization of acquired software intangible assets. Amortization of acquired purchased software totaled $18.6 million, $15.8 million, and $15.4 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Cost of Service Revenue
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Cost of service revenue
$
259.0

 
(2
)%
 
$
265.5

 
2
 %
 
$
260.7

% of total revenue
20
%
 
 
 
21
%
 
 
 
22
%
% of total service revenue
88
%
 
 
 
90
%
 
 
 
98
%
Service headcount at end of period
1,367

 
4
 %
 
1,315

 
(9
)%
 
1,453


Our cost of service revenue includes costs such as salaries, benefits, and computer equipment and facilities for our training and consulting personnel, and third-party subcontractor fees.
In 2013, compared to 2012, total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were 1% ($1.1 million) higher primarily due to higher average headcount year over year and the impact of annual salary increases. Service headcount at the end of 2013 included approximately 130 employees added from acquisitions. The cost of third-party consulting services was $11.8 million lower in 2013 compared to 2012.

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Table of Contents

The decreases in the use of subcontracted third-party consultants in 2013 and 2012, are a result of growing internal capacity and improved utilization and the implementation of our strategy to have our strategic services partners perform services for customers directly, all of which have contributed to improving services margins.

In 2012, compared to 2011, total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were 7% ($11.2 million) higher primarily due to higher average headcount year over year and the impact of annual salary increases. Service headcount increased at the end of 2011 by approximately 375 employees compared to the year-ago period including approximately 150 employees added from MKS and 4CS in the second half of 2011. In the second half of 2012, total headcount, and the corresponding compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses, decreased as a result of restructuring actions in the second and third quarters which resulted in employee terminations. The cost of third-party consulting services was $5.9 million lower in 2012 compared to 2011 for the reasons stated above.
Cost of Support Revenue
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Cost of support revenue
$
81.1

 
7
%
 
$
76.1

 
13
%
 
$
67.3

% of total revenue
6
%
 
 
 
6
%
 
 
 
6
%
% of total service revenue
12
%
 
 
 
12
%
 
 
 
12
%
Support headcount at end of period
634

 
16
%
 
545

 
8
%
 
504


Our cost of support revenue includes costs such as salaries, benefits, and computer equipment and facilities associated with customer support and the release of support updates (including related royalty costs).
In 2013, compared to 2012, total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were 8% ($4.3 million) higher primarily due to increased headcount. Support headcount at the end of 2013 included approximately 60 employees added from 2013 acquisitions.
In 2012, compared to 2011, total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were 15% ($7.2 million) higher primarily due to increased headcount. Support headcount at the end of 2011included approximately 60 employees added from MKS in the second half of 2011.
Sales and Marketing
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Sales and marketing expenses
$
360.6

 
(5
)%
 
$
377.8

 
7
%
 
$
353.0

% of total revenue
28
%
 
 
 
30
%
 
 
 
30
%
Sales and marketing headcount at end of period
1,362

 
(10
)%
 
1,508

 
—
%
 
1,508


Our sales and marketing expenses primarily include salaries and benefits, sales commissions, advertising and marketing programs, travel and facility costs. Our compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were lower by an aggregate of 5% ($15.8 million) in 2013 compared to 2012, primarily due to lower headcount. Sales and marketing headcount at the end of the 2013 included approximately 30 employees added from 2013 acquisitions.
Our compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were higher by an aggregate of 7% ($21.3 million) in 2012 compared to 2011 due to higher average headcount during the year as a result of acquisitions and investments we made in our direct sales force, as well as the impact of merit pay increases. Additionally, sales and marketing expenses were higher by $2.8 million in 2012 compared to 2011 as a result of investments we made in sales technology infrastructure. Sales meeting and marketing event expenses were lower by approximately $1.4 million in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to the PTC Creo product launch in the first quarter of 2011.
Research and Development
 

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Table of Contents

 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Research and development expenses
$
221.9

 
3
%
 
$
215.0

 
2
 %
 
$
211.4

% of total revenue
17
%
 
 
 
17
%
 
 
 
18
%
Research and development headcount at end of period
2,001

 
3
%
 
1,938

 
(6
)%
 
2,060

Our research and development expenses consist principally of salaries and benefits, costs of computer equipment and facility expenses. Major research and development activities include developing new releases of our software. Total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were higher by 4% ($6.0 million) in 2013, compared to 2012. Research and development headcount at the end of 2013 included approximately 160 employees added from 2013 acquisitions.
Total compensation, benefit costs and travel expenses were higher in 2012 compared to 2011 by an aggregate of 4% ($6.6 million) due primarily to the impact of annual salary increases. Research and development headcount at the end of 2011 included approximately 250 employees from MKS and 4CS.
General and Administrative
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
General and administrative
$
131.9

 
12
%
 
$
117.5

 
7
 %
 
$
110.3

% of total revenue
10
%
 
 
 
9
%
 
 
 
9
%
General and administrative headcount at end of period
626

 
8
%
 
578

 
(1
)%
 
585

Our general and administrative expenses include the costs of our corporate, finance, information technology, human resources, legal and administrative functions, as well as acquisition-related charges, bad debt expense and outside professional services, including accounting and legal fees. Acquisition-related costs include direct costs of acquisitions and expenses related to acquisition integration activities, including transaction fees, due diligence costs, retention bonuses and severance, and professional fees including legal and accounting costs related to the acquisition. Acquisition-related costs were $9.9 million and $3.8 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Total compensation, benefit costs and travel costs were 5% ($4.0 million) higher in 2013 compared to 2012 due to higher headcount.
Acquisition-related costs were $3.8 million in 2012 compared to $7.8 million in 2011. Total compensation, benefit costs and travel costs were 8% ($6.2 million) higher in 2012 compared to 2011 due to higher headcount for the first six months of 2012 resulting from the acquisitions of MKS and 4CS (which headcount was partially reduced when the integration of these businesses was subsequently completed), the impact of annual salary increases and higher stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation was $2.1 million higher in 2012 compared to 2011. Additionally, costs for outside professional services were higher by $2.6 million in 2012 compared to 2011.
Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets
 
 
2013
 
Percent
Change
 
2012
 
Percent
Change
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
$
26.5

 
30
%
 
$
20.3

 
11
%
 
$
18.3

% of total revenue
2
%
 
 
 
2
%
 
 
 
2
%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets reflects the amortization of acquired non-product related intangible assets, primarily customer and trademark-related intangible assets, recorded in connection with completed acquisitions. The increase in amortization of acquired intangible assets in 2013 was primarily due to our acquisition of Servigistics. The increase in 2012 and 2011 compared to the previous periods was due primarily to amortization related to our acquisition of MKS.
Restructuring Charges
 

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Table of Contents

 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Restructuring charges
$
52.2

 
$
24.9

 
$
—

% of total revenue
4
%
 
2
%
 
—
%

As part of our strategy to reduce costs and to realign our business, in the second and third quarters of 2012, we implemented a restructuring of our business and recorded restructuring charges of $24.9 million, primarily for severance and related costs associated with approximately 210 employees (representing approximately 3% of our workforce). We realized approximately $13 million of operating expense savings from these reductions in 2012.
In 2013, as part of our continued strategy to improve profitability, we implemented restructuring actions and recorded restructuring charges of $52.2 million, including $50.9 million for severance and related costs associated with approximately 550 employees and $1.3 million related to facility consolidations. These restructuring actions were substantially completed in 2013 and are expected to result in a $16 million per quarter reduction in operating expenses (which is partially reflected in our results for 2013 and contemplated in our 2014 financial goals).
In 2013, 2012 and 2011, we made cash payments related to restructuring charges of $37.2 million, $20.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively. At September 30, 2013, accrued expenses for unpaid restructuring charges totaled $19.5 million, which we expect to pay within the next twelve months.
Non-Operating Income (Expense)
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Foreign currency net losses
$
(2.0
)
 
$
(5.9
)
 
$
(12.3
)
Interest income
2.9

 
2.9

 
3.8

Interest expense
(7.0
)
 
(4.7
)
 
(3.3
)
Other income (expense), net
5.0

 
0.3

 
(0.8
)
 
$
(1.1
)
 
$
(7.4
)
 
$
(12.6
)
Foreign Currency Net Losses: Foreign currency net losses include costs of hedging contracts, certain realized and unrealized foreign currency transaction gains or losses, and foreign exchange gains or losses resulting from the required period-end currency re-measurement of the assets and liabilities of our subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Because a large portion of our revenue and expenses is transacted in foreign currencies, we engage in hedging transactions involving the use of foreign currency forward contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Foreign currency losses in 2012 included $0.8 million related to MKS legal entity mergers. Foreign currency losses in 2011 included $4.4 million related to our acquisition of MKS and the related settlement of forward contracts to purchase CDN$292 million, and $0.7 million from a litigation settlement in Japan.
Interest Income: Interest income represents earnings on the investment of our available cash balances. The decrease in interest income in 2012 compared to 2011 was due primarily to lower interest rates.
Interest Expense: Interest expense is primarily related to interest on borrowings under our credit facility. The increase in interest expense in each of 2013 and 2012 compared to the respective prior year is due to higher average amounts outstanding under our credit facility in those years. We had $258 million outstanding under the credit facility at September 30, 2013 compared to $370 million at September 30, 2012, which included $230 million in proceeds drawn from our credit facility in the fourth quarter of 2012 to finance the Servigistics acquisition (which closed on October 2, 2012), and $200 million outstanding at September 30, 2011. We borrowed $250 million in May 2011 in connection with our acquisition of MKS. The average interest rate on amounts outstanding under the credit facility was 1.7% in 2013, 1.8% in 2012 and 2.1% in 2011.
Other Income (Expense), Net: The change in other income (expense), net in 2013, compared to 2012, was due primarily to a legal settlement gain of $5.1 million recorded in 2013.
Income Taxes

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Table of Contents

 
Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in millions)
Pre-tax income
$
126.2

 
$
120.7

 
$
104.5

Tax (benefit) provision
(17.5
)
 
156.1

 
19.1

Effective income tax rate
(14
)%
 
129
%
 
18
%
In 2013, our effective tax rate was lower than the 35% statutory federal income tax rate due, in large part, to the reversal of a portion of the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets (primarily U.S.). We recorded benefits of $36.7 million resulting from 2013 acquisitions, as described below, and a benefit of $7.9 million related to the release of a valuation allowance as a result of a pension gain recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in equity.  Additionally, our 2013 tax provision reflects a $2.0 million provision related to a research and development (R&D) cost sharing prepayment by a foreign subsidiary to the U.S. A similar prepayment was made in 2012 resulting in a $7.8 million provision in that year. This impact was offset by a corresponding increase in our valuation allowance in the U.S. Other factors impacting the rate include our corporate structure in which our foreign taxes are at an effective tax rate lower than the U.S. rate, foreign withholding taxes of $6.0 million and non-cash tax benefits of $5.3 million recorded as a result of the conclusion of tax audits in several foreign jurisdictions. 
Acquisitions in the year were accounted for as business combinations.  Assets acquired, including the fair value of acquired tangible assets, intangible assets (including finite-lived acquired intangible assets totaling $133.5 million) and assumed liabilities were recorded, and we recorded deferred tax liabilities of $40.9 million primarily related to the tax effect of the acquired intangible assets that are not deductible for income tax purposes.  These deferred tax liabilities reduced our deferred tax asset balance and resulted in a tax benefit of $36.7 million to decrease our valuation allowance in jurisdictions where we have recorded a valuation allowance (primarily the U.S.).  As this decrease in the valuation allowance is not part of the accounting for business combinations (the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed), it was recorded as an income tax benefit.
In 2012, our effective tax rate was higher than the 35% statutory federal income tax rate due primarily to the recording of a $124.5 million charge to the income tax provision related to the establishment of a valuation allowance on U.S. net deferred tax assets as described below. This increase was offset in part as a result of our corporate structure in which our foreign taxes are at an effective tax rate lower than the U.S. rate. Our 2012 provision included a non-cash charge of $4.2 million related to the restructuring of our Canadian operations that resulted in a change in the tax status of the foreign legal entity and a non-cash charge of $1.4 million related to the impact of a Japanese legislative change on our Japan entity's deferred tax assets. These charges were excluded from our non-GAAP earnings per share (see Income and Margins, Earnings per Share below). Additionally, our 2012 tax provision reflects a $7.8 million provision related to a research and development cost sharing prepayment by a foreign subsidiary to the U.S. A comparable prepayment was made in 2011. In 2012, we recorded a $2.0 million correction to deferred tax benefits on unrecognized actuarial losses related to pension benefits, which was not material to the current or prior periods.
In 2011, our effective tax rate was lower than the 35% statutory federal income tax rate due primarily to our corporate structure in which our foreign taxes are at an effective tax rate lower than the U.S. rate and a $2.3 million tax benefit related to research and development (R&D) triggered by a retroactive extension of the R&D tax credit enacted in the first quarter of 2011. Our 2011 tax provision reflects a $7.5 million provision related to a research and development cost sharing prepayment by a foreign subsidiary to the U.S. A similar prepayment was made in 2010 resulting in a $6.0 million provision in that year. As a result, the net increase to the 2011 provision was $1.5 million.
In 2011, we continued the reorganization of our legal entity structure which began in 2010 to support our tax and cash planning. The 2011 reorganization resulted in a $46.4 million taxable gain in the U.S. The tax on this gain was offset in part by the reversal of a deferred tax liability for unremitted earnings of a foreign subsidiary of $6.5 million (established in 2010 in contemplation of this transaction), the recognition of foreign tax credits previously not benefitted and foreign tax credits generated as a result of the transaction.
In the fourth quarter of 2012, we recorded a $124.5 million non-cash charge to the income tax provision to establish a valuation allowance against substantially all of our U.S. net deferred tax assets. We weighed all available evidence, both positive and negative, and concluded that it was more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that substantially all of our U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets, including carryforwards and deductible temporary differences, depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the same character during the carryback or carryforward period. We considered all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax assets, including the future reversal of existing temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in prior carryback years and tax-planning strategies.

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In the normal course of business, PTC and its subsidiaries are examined by various taxing authorities, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. We are currently under audit by tax authorities in several foreign jurisdictions. Audits by tax authorities typically involve examination of the deductibility of certain permanent items, limitations on net operating losses and tax credits. Although we believe our tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in material changes in our estimates.
Our future effective income tax rate may be materially impacted by the amount of income taxes associated with our foreign earnings, which are taxed at rates different from the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate, as well as the timing and extent of the realization of deferred tax assets and changes in the tax law. Further, our tax rate may fluctuate within a fiscal year, including from quarter to quarter, due to items arising from discrete events, including settlements of tax audits and assessments, the resolution or identification of tax position uncertainties, and acquisitions of other companies.
Non-GAAP Measures
The non-GAAP measures presented in the above discussion of our results of operations and the respective most directly comparable GAAP measures are:
•
non-GAAP revenue—GAAP revenue
•
non-GAAP gross margin—GAAP gross margin
•
non-GAAP operating income—GAAP operating income
•
non-GAAP operating margin—GAAP operating margin
•
non-GAAP net income—GAAP net income (loss)
•
non-GAAP diluted earnings per share—GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share
The non-GAAP measures exclude a fair value adjustment related to acquired deferred support revenue, stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets expense, acquisition-related charges, restructuring charges, identified gains or charges included in non-operating other income (expense) and the related tax effects of the preceding items, and identified tax items. These items are normally included in the comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP.
Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue is a purchase accounting adjustment recorded to reduce acquired deferred support revenue to the fair value of the remaining obligation.
Stock-based compensation expense is non-cash expense relating to stock-based awards issued to executive officers, employees and outside directors, consisting of restricted stock, stock options and restricted stock units.
Amortization of acquired intangible assets expense is a non-cash expense that is impacted by the timing and magnitude of our acquisitions. We believe the assessment of our operations excluding these costs is relevant to our assessment of internal operations and comparisons to the performance of other companies in our industry.
Acquisition-related charges are included in general and administrative expenses and include direct costs of potential and completed acquisitions and expenses related to acquisition integration activities, including transaction fees, due diligence costs, severance and professional fees. These costs are not considered part of our normal operations as the occurrence and amount will vary depending on the timing and size of acquisitions and the level of integration activity undertaken.
Restructuring charges include excess facility restructuring charges and severance costs resulting from reductions of personnel driven by modifications to our business strategy and not as part of our normal operations. These costs may vary in size based on our restructuring plan.
We use these non-GAAP measures, and we believe that they assist our investors, to make period-to-period comparisons of our operational performance because they provide a view of our operating results without items that are not, in our view, indicative of our core operating results. We believe that these non-GAAP measures help illustrate underlying trends in our business, and we use the measures to establish budgets and operational goals, communicated internally and externally, for managing our business and evaluating our performance. We believe that providing non-GAAP measures affords investors a view of our operating results that may be more easily compared to the results of peer companies. In addition, compensation of our executives is based in part on the performance of our business based on these non-GAAP measures.

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The items excluded from the non-GAAP measures often have a material impact on our financial results and such items often recur. Accordingly, the non-GAAP measures included in this Annual Report should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for or superior to, the comparable measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
The following tables reconcile each of these non-GAAP measures to its most closely comparable GAAP measure on our financial statements.
 

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Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(Dollar amounts in millions)
GAAP revenue
$
1,293.5

 
$
1,255.7

 
$
1,166.9

Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue
3.0

 
2.5

 
2.6

Non-GAAP revenue
$
1,296.5

 
$
1,258.2

 
$
1,169.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP gross margin
$
920.5

 
$
883.6

 
$
810.2

Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue
3.0

 
2.5

 
2.6

Stock-based compensation
9.5

 
8.9

 
7.7

Amortization of acquired intangible assets included in cost of revenue
18.6

 
15.8

 
15.4

Non-GAAP gross margin
$
951.6

 
$
910.8

 
$
835.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP operating income
$
127.3

 
$
128.1

 
$
117.1

Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue
3.0

 
2.5

 
2.6

Stock-based compensation
48.8

 
51.3

 
45.4

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
45.1

 
36.1

 
33.7

Acquisition-related charges included in general and administrative expenses
9.9

 
3.8

 
7.8

Restructuring charges
52.2

 
24.9

 
—

Non-GAAP operating income
$
286.3

 
$
246.8

 
$
206.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP net income (loss)
$
143.8

 
$
(35.4
)
 
$
85.4

Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue
3.0

 
2.5

 
2.6

Stock-based compensation
48.8

 
51.3

 
45.4

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
45.1

 
36.1

 
33.7

Acquisition-related charges included in general and administrative expenses
9.9

 
3.8

 
7.8

Restructuring charges
52.2

 
24.9

 
—

Non-operating (gain) loss (1)
(5.7
)
 
0.8

 
5.1

Income tax adjustments (2)
(77.8
)
 
98.8

 
(27.8
)
Non-GAAP net income
$
219.2

 
$
182.9

 
$
152.2

GAAP diluted earnings (loss) per share (3)
$
1.19

 
$
(0.30
)
 
$
0.71

Stock-based compensation
0.40

 
0.42

 
0.38

Amortization of acquired intangible assets
0.37

 
0.30

 
0.28

Restructuring charges
0.43

 
0.21

 
—

Acquisition-related charges included in general and administrative expenses
0.08

 
0.03

 
0.06

Non-operating (gain) loss
(0.05
)
 
0.01

 
0.04

Income tax adjustments (2)
(0.64
)
 
0.82

 
(0.23
)
All other items identified above
0.03

 
0.02

 
0.02

Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (4)
$
1.81

 
$
1.51

 
$
1.26

Operating margin impact of non-GAAP adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
GAAP operating margin
9.8
%
 
10.2
%
 
10.0
%
Fair value of acquired deferred support revenue
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
 
0.2
%
Stock-based compensation
3.8
%
 
4.1
%
 
3.9
%
Amortization of acquired intangible assets
3.5
%
 
2.9
%
 
2.9
%
Acquisition-related charges
0.8
%
 
0.3
%
 
0.7
%
Restructuring charges
4.0
%
 
2.0
%
 
—
%
Non-GAAP operating margin
22.1
%
 
19.6
%
 
17.7
%
 

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(1)
Non-operating gain (loss) adjustments: In 2013, we recorded a $0.6 million gain on an investment related to an acquisition and a legal settlement gain of $5.1 million. In 2012, we recorded $0.8 million of foreign currency losses related to MKS legal entity mergers. In 2011, in connection with our acquisition of MKS, we entered into forward contracts to purchase CDN$292 million (equivalent to approximately $305 million when the contracts were entered into). We entered into these forward contracts to reduce our foreign currency exposure related to changes in the Canadian to U.S. Dollar exchange rate from the time we entered into the agreement to acquire MKS (the purchase price was in Canadian Dollars) and the closing date. We realized foreign currency losses of $4.4 million in 2011, recorded as other expense, related to the acquisition of MKS. In 2011, we recorded $0.7 million of foreign currency losses related to a litigation settlement in Japan.
(2)
Income tax adjustments reflect the tax effects of non-GAAP adjustments which are calculated by applying the applicable tax rate by jurisdiction to the non-GAAP adjustments listed above, and also include any identified tax items. In the fourth quarter of 2012, a valuation allowance was established against our U.S. net deferred tax assets. As the U.S. is profitable on a non-GAAP basis, the 2013 non-GAAP tax provision is being calculated assuming there is no U.S. valuation allowance. Additionally, income tax adjustments in 2013 include non-cash tax benefits of $36.7 million related to the release of a portion of the valuation allowance as a result of deferred tax liabilities established for acquisitions recorded in 2013; tax benefits of $3.2 million relating to the final resolution of a long standing tax litigation and completion of an international jurisdiction tax audit; a non-cash tax benefit of $7.9 million related to the release of a portion of the valuation allowance relating to the accounting for our U.S. pension plan (decrease in unrecognized actuarial loss results in a gain recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income); and a $2.6 million benefit relating to a tax audit in a foreign jurisdiction of an acquired company. Income tax adjustments in 2012 include a non-cash net tax charge of $124.5 million to establish a valuation allowance against our U.S. net deferred tax assets; $5.4 million, net primarily related to foreign tax credits which would be fully realized on a non-GAAP basis; $3.3 million, net, primarily related to a $4.2 million charge as a result of acquired legal entity integration activities; and $1.4 million related to the impact from a reduction in the statutory tax rate in Japan on deferred tax assets from a litigation settlement. Income tax adjustments in 2011 includes a non-cash tax provision of $1.9 million in connection with legal entity reorganizations.
(3)
GAAP weighted average shares outstanding for 2012 of 118.7 million shares excludes the effect of stock-based compensation awards due to a GAAP net loss in 2012.
(4)
Diluted earnings per share impact of non-GAAP adjustments is calculated by dividing the dollar amount of the non-GAAP adjustment by the diluted weighted average shares outstanding for the respective year. Non-GAAP weighted average shares for 2012 of 121.0 million shares includes the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation awards of 2.3 million shares due to non-GAAP net income in 2012.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In preparing our financial statements, we make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can have a significant impact on our reported revenues, results of operations, and net income, as well as on the value of certain assets and liabilities on our balance sheet. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are necessary because future events and their effects on our results and the value of our assets cannot be determined with certainty, and are made based on our historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates may change as new events occur or additional information is obtained, and we may periodically be faced with uncertainties, the outcomes of which are not within our control and may not be known for a prolonged period of time.
The accounting policies, methods and estimates used to prepare our financial statements are described generally in Note B of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” The most important accounting judgments and estimates that we made in preparing the financial statements involved:
•
revenue recognition;
•
accounting for income taxes;
•
valuation of assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations;
•
valuation of goodwill;
•
accounting for pensions; and
•
legal contingencies.
A critical accounting policy is one that is both material to the presentation of our financial statements and requires us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments that could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Critical accounting policies require us to make assumptions about matters that are uncertain at the time of the estimate, and different estimates that we could have used, or changes in the estimates that are reasonably likely to occur, may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Because the use of estimates is inherent in the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from those estimates.

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Accounting policies, guidelines and interpretations related to our critical accounting policies and estimates are generally subject to numerous sources of authoritative guidance and are often reexamined by accounting standards rule makers and regulators. These rule makers and/or regulators may promulgate interpretations, guidance or regulations that may result in changes to our accounting policies, which could have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
We exercise judgment and use estimates in connection with determining the amounts of software license and services revenues to be recognized in each accounting period.
Our primary judgments involve the following:
•
determining whether collection is probable;
•
assessing whether the fee is fixed or determinable;
•
determining whether service arrangements, including modifications and customization of the underlying software, are not essential to the functionality of the licensed software and thus would result in the revenue for license and service elements of an agreement being recorded separately; and
•
determining the fair value of services and support elements included in multiple-element arrangements, which is the basis for allocating and deferring revenue for such services and support.
We derive revenues from three primary sources: (1) software licenses, (2) support and (3) services.
We recognize revenue when: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred (generally, FOB shipping point or electronic distribution), (3) the fee is fixed or determinable, and (4) collection is probable.
Our software is distributed primarily through our direct sales force. In addition, we have an indirect distribution channel through alliances with resellers. Revenue arrangements with resellers are recognized on a sell-through basis; that is, when we deliver the product to the end-user customer. We record consideration given to a reseller as a reduction of revenue to the extent we have recorded revenue from the reseller. We do not offer contractual rights of return, stock balancing, or price protection to our resellers, and actual product returns from them have been insignificant to date. As a result, we do not maintain reserves for reseller product returns.
At the time of each sale transaction, we must make an assessment of the collectability of the amount due from the customer. Revenue is only recognized at that time if management deems that collection is probable. In making this assessment, we consider customer credit-worthiness and historical payment experience. At that same time, we assess whether fees are fixed or determinable and free of contingencies or significant uncertainties. In assessing whether the fee is fixed or determinable, we consider the payment terms of the transaction, including transactions with payment terms that extend beyond our customary payment terms, and our collection experience in similar transactions without making concessions, among other factors. We have periodically provided financing to credit-worthy customers with payment terms up to 24 months. If the fee is determined not to be fixed or determinable, revenue is recognized only as payments become due from the customer, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria are met. Our software license arrangements generally do not include customer acceptance provisions. However, if an arrangement includes an acceptance provision, we record revenue only upon the earlier of (1) receipt of written acceptance from the customer or (2) expiration of the acceptance period.
Our software arrangements often include implementation and consulting services that are sold under consulting engagement contracts or as part of the software license arrangement. When we determine that such services are not essential to the functionality of the licensed software, we record revenue separately for the license and service elements of these arrangements, provided that appropriate evidence of fair value exists for the undelivered services (see discussion below). Generally, we consider that a service is not essential to the functionality of the software based on various factors, including if the services may be provided by independent third parties experienced in providing such consulting and implementation in coordination with dedicated customer personnel and whether the services result in significant modification or customization of the software functionality. When consulting services qualify for separate accounting, consulting revenues under time and materials billing arrangements are recognized as the services are performed. Consulting revenues under fixed-priced contracts are generally recognized as the services are performed using a proportionate performance model with hours or costs as the input method of attribution. When we provide consulting services considered essential to the functionality of the software, the arrangement does not qualify for separate accounting of the license and service elements, and the license revenue is recognized together with the consulting services using the percentage-of-completion method of contract accounting. Under such arrangements, consideration is recognized as the services are performed as measured by an observable input. In these circumstances, we separate license revenue from service revenue for income statement presentation by allocating vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) of fair value of the consulting services as service revenue and the residual portion as license revenue. Under the percentage-of-completion method, we estimate the stage of completion of contracts with fixed or

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“not to exceed” fees based on hours or costs incurred to date as compared with estimated total project hours or costs at completion. Adjustments to estimates to complete are made in the periods in which facts resulting in a change become known. When total cost estimates exceed revenues, we accrue for the estimated losses when identified. The use of the proportionate performance and percentage-of-completion methods of accounting require significant judgment relative to estimating total contract costs or hours (hours being a proxy for costs), including assumptions relative to the length of time to complete the project, the nature and complexity of the work to be performed and anticipated changes in salaries and other costs.
We generally use the residual method to recognize revenue from software arrangements that include one or more elements to be delivered at a future date when evidence of the fair value of all undelivered elements exists, and the elements of the arrangement qualify for separate accounting as described above. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements (i.e., support and services) based on VSOE is deferred and the remaining portion of the total arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements (i.e., software license). If evidence of the fair value of one or more of the undelivered elements does not exist, all revenues are deferred and recognized when delivery of all of those elements has occurred or when fair values can be established. We determine VSOE of the fair value of services and support revenue based upon our recent pricing for those elements when sold separately. For certain transactions, VSOE of the fair value of support revenue is determined based on a substantive support renewal clause within a customer contract. Our current pricing practices are influenced primarily by product type, purchase volume, sales channel and customer location. We review services and support sold separately on a periodic basis and update, when appropriate, our VSOE of fair value for such elements to ensure that it reflects our recent pricing experience.
Generally, our contracts are accounted for individually. However, when contracts are closely interrelated and dependent on each other, it may be necessary to account for two or more contracts as one to reflect the substance of the group of contracts.
For subscription-based licenses, license revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the arrangement. In limited circumstances, where the right to use the software license is contingent upon current payments of support, fees for software license and support are recognized ratably over the initial support term.
Support contracts generally include rights to unspecified upgrades (when and if available), telephone and internet-based support, updates and bug fixes. Support revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the support contract on a straight-line basis.
Reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenditures incurred in connection with providing consulting services are included in service revenue, with the offsetting expense recorded in cost of service revenue.
Training services include on-site and classroom training. Training revenues are recognized as the related training services are provided.
Accounting for Income Taxes
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to calculate our income tax expense based on taxable income by jurisdiction. There are many transactions and calculations about which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain; as a result, our calculations involve estimates by management. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of revenue-sharing, cost-reimbursement and transfer pricing arrangements among related entities and the differing tax treatment of revenue and cost items across various jurisdictions. If we were compelled to revise or to account differently for our arrangements, that revision could affect our tax liability.
The income tax accounting process also involves estimating our actual current tax liability, together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included within our consolidated balance sheets. We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent we believe that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our deferred tax assets will not be realized, we must establish a valuation allowance as a charge to income tax expense.
As of September 30, 2013, we have a valuation allowance of $129.9 million against net deferred tax assets in the U.S. and a valuation allowance of $26.6 million against net deferred tax assets in certain foreign jurisdictions. In the fourth quarter of 2012, we recorded a $124.5 million non-cash charge to the income tax provision to establish a valuation allowance against substantially all of our U.S. net deferred tax assets. We weighed all available evidence, both positive and negative, and concluded that it was more likely than not (a likelihood of more than 50 percent) that substantially all of our U.S. deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax assets, including carryforwards and deductible temporary differences, depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the same character during the carryback or carryforward period. We considered all sources of taxable income available to realize the deferred tax assets, including the future reversal of existing

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temporary differences, future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards, taxable income in prior carryback years and tax-planning strategies.
The valuation allowance recorded against net deferred tax assets of certain foreign jurisdictions is established primarily for our net operating loss carryforwards, the majority of which do not expire. There are limitations imposed on the utilization of such net operating losses that could further restrict the recognition of any tax benefits.
We have not provided for U.S. income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on foreign unrepatriated earnings as it is our current intention to permanently reinvest these earnings outside the U.S. unless it can be done with no significant tax cost. If we decide to change this assertion in the future to repatriate any additional non-U.S. earnings, we may be required to establish a deferred tax liability on such earnings.
In the normal course of business, PTC and its subsidiaries are examined by various taxing authorities, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States. We regularly assess the likelihood of additional assessments by tax authorities and provide for these matters as appropriate. We are currently under audit by tax authorities in several foreign jurisdictions. Audits by tax authorities typically involve examination of the deductibility of certain permanent items, limitations on net operating losses and tax credits. Although we believe our tax estimates are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in material changes in our estimates.
Valuation of Assets and Liabilities Acquired in Business Combinations
In accordance with business combination accounting, we allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Determining these fair values requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to intangible assets.
Our identifiable intangible assets acquired consist of developed technology, core technology, tradenames, customer lists and contracts, and software support agreements and related relationships. Developed technology consists of products that have reached technological feasibility. Core technology represents a combination of processes, inventions and trade secrets related to the design and development of acquired products. Customer lists and contracts and software support agreements and related relationships represent the underlying relationships and agreements with customers of the acquired company’s installed base. We have generally valued intangible assets using a discounted cash flow model. Critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets include but are not limited to:
•
future expected cash flows from software license sales, customer support agreements, customer contracts and related customer relationships and acquired developed technologies and trademarks and trade names;
•
expected costs to develop the in-process research and development into commercially viable products and estimating cash flows from the projects when completed;
•
the acquired company’s brand awareness and market position, as well as assumptions about the period of time the acquired brand will continue to be used by the combined company; and
•
discount rates used to determine the present value of estimated future cash flows.
In addition, we estimate the useful lives of our intangible assets based upon the expected period over which we anticipate generating economic benefits from the related intangible asset.
Net tangible assets consist of the fair values of tangible assets less the fair values of assumed liabilities and obligations. Except for deferred revenues, net tangible assets were generally valued by us at the respective carrying amounts recorded by the acquired company, if we believed that their carrying values approximated their fair values at the acquisition date. The values assigned to deferred revenue reflect an amount equivalent to the estimated cost plus an appropriate profit margin to perform the services related to the acquired company’s software support contracts.
In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date and we reevaluate these items quarterly with any adjustments to our preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill provided that we are within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) and we continue to collect information in order to determine their estimated values. Subsequent to the measurement period or our final determination of the estimated value of uncertain tax positions or tax related valuation allowances, whichever comes first, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax related valuation allowances will affect our provision for income taxes in our consolidated statement of operations.
Our estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at that time, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable. Assumptions may be incomplete or inaccurate, and unanticipated events and circumstances may occur, which may affect the accuracy or validity of such assumptions, estimates or actual results.

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When events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a finite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable, we perform an assessment of the asset for potential impairment. This assessment is based on projected undiscounted future cash flows over the asset’s remaining life. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds its undiscounted cash flows, we record an impairment loss equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset, determined using projected discounted future cash flows of the asset.
Valuation of Goodwill
Our goodwill totaled $769.1 million and $610.3 million as of September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We have two operating segments: (1) Software Products and (2) Services. We assess goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are determined based on the components of our operating segments that constitute a business for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by segment management. Our reporting units are consistent with our operating segments. As of September 30, 2013 and 2012, goodwill and acquired intangible assets in the aggregate attributable to our software products reportable segment was $979.3 million and $768.1 million, respectively, and attributable to our services reportable segment was $62.9 million and $28.1 million, respectively. We test goodwill for impairment in the third quarter of our fiscal year, or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of a reporting segment below its carrying value. Factors we consider important (on an overall company basis and reportable segment basis, as applicable) that could trigger an impairment review include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in our use of the acquired assets or a significant change in the strategy for our business, significant negative industry or economic trends, a significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period, or a reduction of our market capitalization relative to net book value.
Our 2013 goodwill impairment assessment was based on a qualitative assessment. On July 2, 2011, the estimated fair value of each reporting unit was approximately double its carrying value or higher. Because our fair value was well in excess of our carrying value on that date and there were no other indicators that our goodwill had become impaired since that date, we elected to perform a qualitative assessment to test each reporting unit’s goodwill for impairment. Based on our qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent) to be greater than its carrying amount no additional testing will be performed. If we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not to be less than its carrying amount, the two step impairment test will be performed. In the first step, we compare the fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds the carrying value of the net assets assigned to that unit, goodwill is not considered impaired and we are not required to perform further testing. If the carrying value of the net assets assigned to the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then we must perform the second step of the impairment test in order to determine the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying value of a reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, then we would record an impairment loss equal to the difference.
We completed our annual goodwill impairment review as of June 29, 2013 based on a qualitative assessment. Our qualitative assessment included company specific (financial performance and long-range plans), industry, and macroeconomic factors, as well as a sensitivity analysis of key model assumptions. Based on our qualitative assessment, we concluded it was more-likely-than-not that the fair values of our reporting units exceed their carrying values and that no further impairment testing was required.
Accounting for Pensions
We sponsor several U.S. and international pension plans. We make assumptions that are used in calculating the expense and liability of these plans. These key assumptions include the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the discount rate used to determine the present value of benefit obligations. In selecting the expected long-term rate of return on assets, we consider the average future rate of earnings expected on the funds invested to provide for the benefits under the pension plan. This includes considering the plans' asset allocations and the expected returns likely to be earned over the life of the plans. The discount rate reflects the estimated rate at which an amount that is invested in a portfolio of high-quality debt instruments would provide the future cash flows necessary to pay benefits when they come due. The actuarial assumptions used by us may differ materially from actual results due to changing market and economic conditions or longer or shorter life spans of the participants. Our actual results could differ materially from those we estimated, which could require us to record a greater amount of pension expense in future years and/or require higher than expected cash contributions.
In the U.S., we sponsor a frozen pension plan covering mostly inactive participants. The U.S. discount rate is determined using a bond-matching tool. Under this tool, discount rates are derived by identifying a theoretical settlement portfolio of high quality bonds sufficient to provide for the pension plan's projected benefit payments. A single rate is then determined that results in a discounted value of the plan's benefit payments that equates to the market value of the selected bonds. In

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determining our U.S. pension cost for 2013, 2012 and 2011, we used a discount rate of 4.00%, 4.50% and 5.00%, respectively, and an expected return on plan assets of 7.25% for all three years.
Certain of our international subsidiaries (principally Germany) also sponsor pension plans. Accounting and reporting for these plans requires the use of country-specific assumptions for discount rates and expected rates of return on assets. We apply a consistent methodology in determining the key assumptions that, in addition to future experience assumptions such as mortality rates, are used by our actuaries to determine our liability and expense for each of these plans. The discount rate for Germany was selected with reference to a spot-rate yield curve based on the yields of Aa-rated Euro-denominated corporate bonds. In addition, our actuarial consultants determine the expense and liabilities of the plan using other assumptions for future experience, such as mortality rates. In determining our pension cost for 2013, 2012 and 2011, we used weighted average discount rates of 3.4%, 4.8% and 4.0%, respectively, and weighted average expected returns on plan assets of 5.4%, 5.4% and 5.6%, respectively.
In 2013 and 2012, our actual return on plan assets for all plans was $13.6 million and $16.5 million, respectively, compared to a loss of $1.6 million in 2011.
Continued distress in global financial markets has caused, among other things, extreme volatility in security prices, severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, rating downgrades of certain investments and declining valuation of others. If actual returns are below our expected rates of return, it will impact the amount and timing of future contributions and expense for these plans.
As of September 30, 2013 and 2012, our plans in total were underfunded, representing the difference between our projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets, by $50.1 million and $76.3 million, respectively. The projected benefit obligation as of September 30, 2013 was determined using a discount rate of 4.9% for the U.S. plan and a weighted average discount rate of 3.3% for our international plans. The most sensitive assumptions used in calculating the expense and liability of our pension plans are the discount rate and the expected return on plan assets. Total net periodic pension cost was $5.5 million in 2013 and we expect it to be approximately $3 million in 2014. A 50 basis point change to our discount rate and expected return on plan assets assumptions would have changed our pension expense for the year ended September 30, 2013 by approximately $1 million. A 50 basis point decrease in our discount rate assumptions would increase our projected benefit obligation as of September 30, 2013 by approximately $14 million.
Legal Contingencies
We are periodically subject to various legal claims and involved in various legal proceedings. We routinely review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any matter is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we record a liability for the estimated loss. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether the amount of an exposure is reasonably estimable. Because of inherent uncertainties related to these legal matters, we base our loss accruals on the best information available at the time. Further, estimates of this nature are highly subjective, and the final outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts that have been included in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements. As additional information becomes available, we reassess our potential liability and may revise our estimates. Such revisions could have a material impact on future quarterly or annual results of operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
 
September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents
$
241,913

 
$
489,543

 
$
167,878

Activity for the year included the following:
 
 
 
 
 
Cash provided by operating activities
$
224,683

 
$
217,975

 
$
78,698

Cash used by investing activities
(274,450
)
 
(31,633
)
 
(307,843
)
Cash (used) provided by financing activities
(196,524
)
 
134,663

 
150,420

We invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds. The portfolio is invested in short-term instruments to ensure cash is available to meet requirements as needed. Cash and cash equivalents at September 30, 2012 reflects $230 million borrowed under our credit facility in the fourth quarter of 2012 to finance our acquisition of Servigistics, which closed on October 2, 2012, for approximately $220 million.

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Cash provided by operating activities
Cash provided by operating activities was $224.7 million in 2013, compared to $218.0 million in 2012. Cash provided by operations was higher due to higher earnings (non-GAAP net income was $219.2 million in 2013 compared to $182.9 million in 2012), partially offset by higher restructuring payments ($37 million in 2013 compared to $21 million in the 2012), and $7 million of payments to satisfy compensation-related accruals assumed from Servigistics. Accounts receivable days sales outstanding was 60 days as of September 30, 2013 compared to 61 days as of September 30, 2012.
We periodically provide financing with payment terms up to 24 months to credit-worthy customers. Other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets include non-current receivables from customers related to extended payment term contracts totaling $17.0 million and $13.0 million at September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We periodically transfer future payments under customer contracts to third-party financial institutions on a non-recourse basis. We sold $17.0 million of receivables in 2013 compared to $14.3 million in 2012.
Cash paid for income taxes was $35.4 million, $53.0 million and $28.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Additionally, in 2011, we resolved a legal matter which reduced our cash balance by $48 million.
Cash used by investing activities
 
 
Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
$
(245,843
)
 
$
(220
)
 
$
(280,026
)
Additions to property and equipment
(29,328
)
 
(31,413
)
 
(27,817
)
Other
721

 
—

 
—

 
$
(274,450
)
 
$
(31,633
)
 
$
(307,843
)
In the first quarter of 2013, we acquired Servigistics, Inc. for $220.8 million, net of cash acquired. In the fourth quarter of 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding common stock of NetIDEAS, a privately held U.S. based company, and Enigma Information Systems LTD, a privately held company with operations in Israel, the U.S., the U.K and Sweden, for an aggregate of $25.0 million, net of cash acquired.
In 2011, we acquired MKS for an aggregate purchase price of $265.2 million, net of cash acquired. We also acquired 4CS in 2011. Our expenditures for property and equipment consist primarily of computer equipment, software, office equipment and facility improvements.
Cash provided (used) by financing activities
 
 
Year ended September 30,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
(in thousands)
Borrowings under revolving credit facility
$
—

 
$
230,000

 
$
250,000

Repayments of borrowings under revolving credit facility
(111,875
)
 
(60,000
)
 
(50,000
)
Repurchases of common stock
(74,871
)
 
(34,953
)
 
(54,921
)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
4,884

 
21,210

 
24,756

Payments of withholding taxes in connection with vesting of stock-based awards
(14,996
)
 
(20,967
)
 
(22,520
)
Excess tax benefits from stock-based awards
334

 
1,324

 
5,398

Other
—

 
(1,951
)
 
(2,293
)
 
$
(196,524
)
 
$
134,663

 
$
150,420

In the fourth quarter of 2012, we borrowed $230 million under our credit facility to finance our acquisition of Servigistics. Proceeds from issuance of common stock reflects stock option exercises. Stock option exercises totaled 0.5 million shares in 2013, 2.3 million shares in 2012 and 1.9 million shares in 2011. As of September 30, 2013, we had approximately 0.1 million stock options outstanding with gross exercise prices totaling $1.0 million. Accordingly, future proceeds from stock option exercises will not exceed $1.0 million (unless additional options are granted in the future).

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Share Repurchase Authorization
Our Board of Directors has periodically authorized the repurchase of shares of our common stock. Under our current authorization we may repurchase up to $100 million worth of shares with cash from operations in the period October 1, 2013 through September 30, 2014. We repurchased 3.1 million shares at a cost of $74.9 million in 2013, 1.6 million shares at a cost of $35.0 million, in 2012 and 2.6 million shares at a cost of $54.9 million in 2011. All shares of our common stock repurchased are automatically restored to the status of authorized and unissued. Future repurchases of shares will reduce our cash balances.
Credit Facility
In August 2012, we entered into a multi-currency credit facility (the credit facility) with a syndicate of ten banks for which JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. acts as Administrative Agent. The credit facility replaced a revolving credit facility with the same banks (the previous credit facility) entered into in August 2010. We expect to use the credit facility for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions of businesses and working capital requirements. The credit facility consists of a $150 million term loan and a $300 million revolving loan commitment, and may be increased by an additional $150 million (in the form of revolving loans or term loans, or a combination thereof) if the existing or additional lenders are willing to make such increased commitments. The revolving loan commitment does not require amortization of principal. The term loan requires repayment of principal at the end of each calendar quarter. The revolving loan and term loan may be repaid in whole or in part prior to the scheduled maturity dates at our option without penalty or premium. The credit facility matures on August 16, 2017, when all remaining amounts outstanding will be due and payable in full. We are required to make principal payments under the term loan of $15.0 million, $15.0 million, $22.5 million and $90.0 million in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

As of September 30, 2013, we had $258.1 million outstanding under the credit facility, comprised of $142.5 million under the term loan and a $115.6 million revolving loan. As of September 30, 2012, the balance outstanding under the credit facility was $370 million, including $230 million borrowed in connection with our acquisition of Servigistics in September 2012.
The credit facility limits PTC's and its subsidiaries' ability to, among other things: incur additional indebtedness; incur liens or guarantee obligations; pay dividends (other than to PTC) and make other distributions; make investments and enter into joint ventures; dispose of assets; and engage in transactions with affiliates, except on an arms-length basis. Under the credit facility, PTC and its material domestic subsidiaries may not invest cash or property in, or loan to, PTC's foreign subsidiaries in aggregate amounts exceeding $50 million for any purpose and an additional $75 million for acquisitions of businesses. In addition, under the credit facility, PTC and its subsidiaries must maintain the following financial ratios:

•
a leverage ratio, defined as consolidated funded indebtedness to consolidated trailing four quarters EBITDA, of no greater than 2.50 to 1.00 at any time; and

•
a fixed charge coverage ratio, defined as the ratio of consolidated trailing four quarters EBITDA less consolidated capital expenditures to consolidated fixed charges, of no less than 3.50 to 1.00 at any time.

As of September 30, 2013, our leverage ratio was 0.94 to 1.00, our fixed charge coverage ratio was 18.43
to 1.00 and we were in compliance with all financial and operating covenants of the credit facility.

For a description of additional terms and conditions of the credit facility, including limitations on our ability to undertake certain actions, see Note H Debt in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”
Expectations for Fiscal 2014
We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents, together with cash generated from operations, will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements through at least the next twelve months and to meet our known long-term capital requirements. In addition, we expect to generate sufficient cash flow from operations in 2014 to repay approximately $100 million outstanding under our credit facility and to repurchase approximately $75 million worth of shares of our common stock. Capital expenditures in 2014 are currently anticipated to be approximately $29 million.
We have evaluated, and expect to continue to evaluate, possible strategic transactions on an ongoing basis and at any given time may be engaged in discussions or negotiations with respect to possible strategic transactions. Our expected uses of cash could change, our cash position could be reduced and we may incur additional debt if we complete any significant acquisitions.
At September 30, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of $30.4 million in the United States, $97.9 million in Europe, $89.9 million in the Pacific Rim (including India), $13.3 million in Japan and $10.4 million in other non-U.S. countries. As of September 30, 2013, we had an outstanding intercompany loan receivable of $154.4 million owed to the U.S. from our top tier

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foreign subsidiary, primarily resulting from our business reorganizations described in Note G Income Taxes in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.” This amount can be repaid with cash generated by our foreign subsidiaries and repatriated to the U.S. without tax cost.
Contractual Obligations
At September 30, 2013, our contractual obligations were as follows:
 
 
Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
More than
5 years
 
(in millions)
Credit facility (1)
$
273.1

 
$
19.3

 
$
45.4

 
$
208.4

 
$
—

Operating leases (2)
198.8

 
40.9

 
63.7

 
41.4

 
52.8

Purchase obligations (3)
33.4

 
21.1

 
12.3

 
—

 
—

Pension liabilities (4)
50.1

 
6.6

 
11.7

 
9.8

 
22.0

Unrecognized tax benefits (5)
13.7

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
569.1

 
$
87.9


$
133.1


$
259.6


$
74.8

 
(1)
Credit facility amounts above include required principal repayments and interest and commitment fees based on the balance outstanding as of September 30, 2013 and the interest rate in effect as of September 30, 2013, 1.5625%.
(2)
The future minimum lease payments above include minimum future lease payments for excess facilities under noncancelable operating leases, net of expected sublease income under existing sublease arrangements. These leases qualify for operating lease accounting treatment and, as such, are not included on our balance sheet. See Note I of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information regarding our operating leases.
(3)
Purchase obligations represent minimum commitments due to third parties, including royalty contracts, research and development contracts, telecommunication contracts, information technology maintenance contracts in support of internal-use software and hardware and other marketing and consulting contracts. Contracts for which our commitment is variable, based on volumes, with no fixed minimum quantities, and contracts that can be canceled without payment penalties have been excluded. The purchase obligations included above are in addition to amounts included in current liabilities and prepaid expenses recorded on our September 30, 2013 consolidated balance sheet.
(4)
These obligations relate to our U.S. and international pension plans. These liabilities are not subject to fixed payment terms. Payments have been estimated based on the plans’ current funded status and actuarial assumptions. In addition, we may, at our discretion, make additional voluntary contributions to the plans. See Note M of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for further discussion.
(5)
As of September 30, 2013, we had recorded total unrecognized tax benefits of $13.7 million. This liability is not subject to fixed payment terms and the amount and timing of payments, if any, which we will make related to this liability, are not known. See Note G of “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information.
As of September 30, 2013, we had letters of credit and bank guarantees outstanding of approximately $3.9 million (of which $1.0 million was collateralized), primarily related to our corporate headquarters lease in Needham, Massachusetts.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not created, and are not party to, any special-purpose or off-balance sheet entities for the purpose of raising capital, incurring debt or operating parts of our business that are not consolidated (to the extent of our ownership interest therein) into our financial statements. We have not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby we have subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose us to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to us.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recent accounting pronouncements, see Note B Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements."

ITEM 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk


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We face exposure to financial market risks, including adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve and could have a material adverse impact on our financial results.
Foreign currency exchange risk
Our earnings and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our most significant foreign currency exposures relate to Western European countries, Japan, China and Canada. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates that arise from receivables and payables denominated in foreign currencies. We do not enter into or hold foreign currency derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes nor do we enter into derivative financial instruments to hedge future cash flow or forecast transactions.
Our non-U.S. revenues generally are transacted through our non-U.S. subsidiaries and typically are denominated in their local currency. In addition, expenses that are incurred by our non-U.S. subsidiaries typically are denominated in their local currency. In 2013, 2012 and 2011, approximately two-thirds of our revenue and half of our expenses were transacted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Currency translation affects our reported results because we report our results of operations in U.S. Dollars. Historically, our most significant currency risk has been changes in the Euro and Japanese Yen relative to the U.S. Dollar. Based on 2013 revenue and expense levels (excluding restructuring charges), a $0.10 change in the USD to European exchange rates and a 10 Yen change in the Yen to USD exchange rate would impact operating income by approximately $13 million and $7 million, respectively.
Our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations arises in part from intercompany transactions, with most intercompany transactions occurring between a U.S. dollar functional currency entity and a foreign currency denominated entity. Intercompany transactions typically are denominated in the local currency of the non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiary in order to centralize foreign currency risk. Also, both PTC (the parent company) and our non-U.S. subsidiaries may transact business with our customers and vendors in a currency other than their functional currency (transaction risk). In addition, we are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as the financial results and balances of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars (translation risk). If sales to customers outside of the United States increase, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates will increase.
Our foreign currency risk management strategy is principally designed to mitigate the future potential financial impact of changes in the U.S. dollar value of balances denominated in foreign currency, resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our foreign currency hedging program uses forward contracts to manage the foreign currency exposures that exist as part of our ongoing business operations. The contracts primarily are denominated in Canadian Dollars and European currencies, and have maturities of less than three months.
Generally, we do not designate foreign currency forward contracts as hedges for accounting purposes, and changes in the fair value of these instruments are recognized immediately in earnings. Because we enter into forward contracts only as an economic hedge, any gain or loss on the underlying foreign-denominated balance would be offset by the loss or gain on the forward contract. Gains and losses on forward contracts and foreign denominated receivables and payables are included in foreign currency net losses.
As of September 30, 2013 and 2012, we had outstanding forward contracts with notional amounts equivalent to the following:
 
 
September 30,
Currency Hedged
2013
 
2012
 
(in thousands)
Canadian/U.S. Dollar
$
41,852

 
$
54,133

Euro/U.S. Dollar
50,902

 
53,716

Chinese Renminbi/U.S. Dollar
—

 
3,666

Japanese Yen/U.S. Dollar
6,496

 
13,415

Swiss Franc/U.S. Dollar
9,678

 
—

All other
15,506

 
8,973

Total
$
124,434

 
$
133,903

Debt

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As of September 30, 2013, the amount outstanding under our variable-rate credit facility was $258.1 million, including a term loan of $142.5 million and a revolving credit facility of $115.6 million. Loans under the credit facility bear interest at variable rates which reset every 30 to 180 days depending on the rate and period selected by the Company. These loans are subject to interest rate risk as interest rates will be adjusted at each rollover date to the extent such amounts are not repaid. As of September 30, 2013, the annual rate on the term loan was 1.5625% (which reset on November 15, 2013 to 1.50%) and the annual interest rate on the revolving loan was 1.5625%. If there was a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates, the annual net impact to earnings and cash flows would be $2.6 million. This hypothetical change in cash flows and earnings has been calculated based on the borrowings outstanding at September 30, 2013 and a 100 basis point per annum change in interest rate applied over a one-year period.
Cash and cash equivalents
As of September 30, 2013, cash equivalents were invested in highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased. We invest our cash with highly rated financial institutions in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific and in diversified domestic and international money market mutual funds. At September 30, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of $97.9 million in Europe, $30.4 million in the United States, $89.9 million in the Pacific Rim (including India), $13.3 million in Japan and $10.4 million in other non-U.S. countries. Given the short maturities and investment grade quality of the portfolio holdings at September 30, 2013, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not materially affect the fair value of our cash and cash equivalents.
Our invested cash is subject to interest rate fluctuations and, for non-U.S. operations, foreign currency risk. In a declining interest rate environment, we would experience a decrease in interest income. The opposite holds true in a rising interest rate environment. Over the past several years, the U.S. Federal Reserve Board, European Central Bank and Bank of England have changed certain benchmark interest rates, which have led to declines and increases in market interest rates. These changes in market interest rates have resulted in fluctuations in interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents. Interest income will continue to fluctuate based on changes in market interest rates and levels of cash available for investment. Our consolidated cash balances were impacted unfavorably by $1.3 million in 2013 and favorably by $0.7 million and $6.4 million in 2012 and 2011, respectively, due to changes in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar, particularly the Euro and the Japanese Yen.
 
ITEM 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements are attached as APPENDIX A.

ITEM 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
 
ITEM 9A.Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management maintains disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As required by SEC Rule 13a-15(b), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report. Based on this evaluation, we concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of September 30, 2013.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act as a process designed

38
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by, or under the supervision of, our principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by our board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
•
Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets;
•
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
•
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2013 using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992). Based on this assessment and those criteria, our management concluded that, as of September 30, 2013, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2013 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which appears under Item 8.
Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
ITEM 9B.Other Information
None.
PART III
 
ITEM 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information required by this item with respect to our directors and executive officers, including the qualifications of certain members of the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors, may be found in the sections captioned “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “The Committees of the Board,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” appearing in our 2014 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated into this Item 10 by reference.
Our executive officers are:
 
Name
 
Age
 
Position
James Heppelmann
 
49
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
Barry Cohen
 
69
 
Executive Vice President, Strategy
Anthony DiBona
 
58
 
Executive Vice President, Global Support
Marc Diouane
 
45
 
Executive Vice President, Global Services and Partners
Jeffrey Glidden
 
63
 
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Robert Ranaldi
 
44
 
Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales
Aaron von Staats
 
47
 
Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Mr. Heppelmann has been our President and Chief Executive Officer since October 2010. Mr. Heppelmann was our President and Chief Operating Officer from March 2009 through September 2010. Prior to that, Mr. Heppelmann served as our Executive Vice President and Chief Product Officer from February 2003 to March 2009. Mr. Heppelmann joined PTC in 1998.

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Mr. Cohen has been our Executive Vice President, Strategy since October 2010. Mr. Cohen was our Executive Vice President, Strategic Services and Partners from August 2002 through September 2010. Mr. Cohen joined PTC in 1998.
Mr. DiBona has been our Executive Vice President, Global Support since April 2003. Mr. DiBona joined PTC in 1998.
Mr. Diouane has been our Executive Vice President, Global Services and Partners since October 2010. Mr. Diouane was our Senior Divisional Vice President, International Sales EMEA and APAC from October 2009 to September 2010, our Senior Divisional Vice President, European Sales from October 2008 to September 2009, and our Divisional Vice President, European Sales from January 2005 to September 2008. Mr. Diouane joined PTC in 1994.
Mr. Glidden has been our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer since September 2010. Mr. Glidden was Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of Airvana, Inc., a publicly-traded network infrastructure provider, from December 2005 to April 2010. Prior to that, Mr. Glidden was employed by RSA Security Inc., a publicly-traded e-security company, where he was Senior Vice President, Finance and Operations and Chief Financial Officer.
Mr. Ranaldi has been our Executive Vice President, Worldwide Sales since April 2011. Mr. Ranaldi was our Divisional Vice President, Sales, North America, East Sector from October 2009 to April 2011 and our Senior Vice President, Sales, North America, East Sector from May 2005 through September 2009. Mr. Ranaldi joined PTC in 1998.
Mr. von Staats has been Corporate Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since March 2008. Prior to that, he served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Clerk from February 2003 to February 2008. Mr. von Staats joined PTC in 1997.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers that applies to our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, and Controller, as well as others. A copy of the Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers is publicly available on our website at www.ptc.com. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers or grant any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from the Code of Ethics for Senior Executive Officers, to our Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer or Controller, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver in a current report on Form 8-K.
 
ITEM 11.Executive Compensation
Information with respect to director and executive compensation may be found under the headings captioned “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation,” and "Compensation Committee Report" appearing in our 2014 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Information required by this item with respect to security ownership may be found under the headings captioned “Information about PTC Common Stock Ownership” in our 2014 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.

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EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
as of SEPTEMBER 30, 2013
Plan Category
 
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
2000 Equity Incentive Plan (1)
 
5,219,311

(1)
$8.34
(2
)
6,665,296

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
1997 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (3)
 
68,996

 
$10.91
 
—

Total
 
5,288,307

 
$10.13
(2
)
6,665,296

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) Includes 5,189,184 shares of our common stock issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units granted under our 2000 Equity Incentive Plan.
(2) The weighted-average exercise price does not take into account the shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units, which have no exercise price.
(3) Our 1997 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan provided for the issuance of nonstatutory stock options only to employees and consultants who were not executive officers of PTC. We terminated the 1997 NSOP in 2005 and no further grants may be made under that plan.


ITEM 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information with respect to this item may be found under the headings “Independence of Our Directors,” “Review of Transactions with Related Persons” and “Transactions with Related Persons” appearing in our 2014 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.
 
ITEM 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Information with respect to this item may be found under the headings “Engagement of Independent Auditor and Approval of Professional Services and Fees” and “PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Professional Services and Fees” appearing in our 2014 Proxy Statement. Such information is incorporated herein by reference.


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PART IV
 
ITEM 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Documents Filed as Part of Form 10-K
 
 
 
 
1.
Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended September 30, 2013, 2012 and 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.
Financial Statement Schedules
 
 
Schedules have been omitted since they are either not required, not applicable, or the information is otherwise included in the Financial Statements per Item 15(a)1 above.
 
 
 
 
3.
Exhibits
 
 
The list of exhibits in the Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
 
 (b) Exhibits
We hereby file the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index.
(c) Financial Statement Schedules
None.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 22nd day of November, 2013.
 
 
 
 
 
PTC Inc.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/    JAMES HEPPELMANN        
 
 
James Heppelmann
President and Chief Executive Officer

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POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of PTC Inc., hereby severally constitute Jeffrey Glidden and Aaron von Staats, Esq., and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below any and all subsequent amendments to this report, and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated below, on the 22nd day of November, 2013.
 
Signature
  
Title
(i) Principal Executive Officer:
  
 
 
 
 
/s/    JAMES HEPPELMANN
  
President and Chief Executive Officer
James Heppelmann
 
 
 
 
 
(ii) Principal Financial and Accounting Officer: