FORM 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
FORM 10-Q
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þ |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2009
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Transition Period from to
Commission File Number: 001-33217
GLG PARTNERS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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20-5009693 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
399 Park Avenue, 38th Floor
New York, New York 10022
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(212) 224-7200
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for
such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its
corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated
filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
(Check one):
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Large accelerated filer þ |
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Accelerated filer o |
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Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
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Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
As of
May 7, 2009, there were 246,601,794 shares of the registrants common stock outstanding.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements
relating to our future results (including certain projections and business trends) that are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and are subject to the safe harbor created by such
section. Our actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks
and uncertainties. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements
regarding our expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In
addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future
events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The
words anticipates believe, continue, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, might,
plan, possible, potential, predict, project, should, would and similar expressions
may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a
statement is not forward-looking.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on
our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on
us and speak only as of the date of such statement. There can be no assurance that future
developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements
involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other
assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include,
but are not limited to, those factors described under Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors of this
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the following:
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the volatility in the financial markets; |
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our financial performance; |
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§ |
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market conditions for the investment funds we manage, which we refer to as the GLG
Funds; |
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§ |
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performance of GLG Funds, the related performance fees and the associated impacts on
revenues, net income, cash flows and fund inflows and outflows; |
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§ |
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the cost of retaining our key investment and other personnel or the loss of such key
personnel; |
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§ |
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risks associated with the expansion of our business in size and geographically; |
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§ |
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operational risk, including counterparty risk; |
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§ |
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litigation and regulatory enforcement risks, including the diversion of management time
and attention and the additional costs and demands on our resources; and |
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§ |
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risks associated with the use of leverage, investment in derivatives, availability of
credit, interest rates and currency fluctuations, |
as well as other risks and uncertainties, including those set forth herein and those detailed from
time to time in our other Securities and Exchange Commission filings. These forward-looking
statements are made only as of the date hereof, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise
the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise,
except as otherwise required by law.
i
GLG PARTNERS, INC.
INDEX
ii
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)
GLG
PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(US Dollars in thousands)
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March 31, |
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December 31, |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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ASSETS |
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Current Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
215,275 |
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$ |
316,195 |
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Restricted cash |
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13,350 |
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13,315 |
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Fees receivable |
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33,647 |
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42,106 |
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Prepaid expenses and other assets |
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36,702 |
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32,751 |
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Total Current Assets |
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298,974 |
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404,367 |
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Non-Current Assets |
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Investments at fair value |
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29,300 |
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65,484 |
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Goodwill |
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587 |
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587 |
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Property and equipment (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization
of $12,448 and $11,505 respectively) |
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13,398 |
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14,076 |
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Other non-current assets |
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3,527 |
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3,868 |
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Total Non-Current Assets |
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46,812 |
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84,015 |
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Total Assets |
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$ |
345,786 |
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$ |
488,382 |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIT |
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Current Liabilities |
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Rebates and sub-administration fees payable |
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$ |
22,035 |
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$ |
26,234 |
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Accrued compensation, benefits and profit share |
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50,102 |
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148,531 |
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Income taxes payable |
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13,959 |
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15,633 |
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Distributions payable |
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4,616 |
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7,592 |
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Accounts payable and other accruals |
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39,569 |
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47,176 |
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Revolving credit facility |
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40,000 |
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40,000 |
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Other liabilities |
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27,673 |
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50,765 |
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Total Current Liabilities |
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197,954 |
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335,931 |
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Non-Current Liabilities |
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Loan payable |
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530,000 |
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530,000 |
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Total Non-Current Liabilities |
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530,000 |
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530,000 |
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Total Liabilities |
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727,954 |
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865,931 |
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Stockholders Deficit: |
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Common stock, $.0001 par value; 1,000,000,000 authorized, 2009: 246,504,294
issued and outstanding (2008: 245,784,390 issued and
outstanding) |
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24 |
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24 |
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Series A voting preferred stock, $.0001 par value; 150,000,000
authorized, 2009: 58,904,993 issued and outstanding (2008: 58,904,993
issued and outstanding) |
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6 |
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6 |
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Additional paid in capital |
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1,274,971 |
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1,176,054 |
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Treasury stock, 2009: 21,418,568 shares of common stock (2008: 21,418,568) |
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(293,434 |
) |
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(293,434 |
) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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3,951 |
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(17,141 |
) |
Accumulated deficit |
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(1,363,317 |
) |
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(1,243,058 |
) |
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Total Controlling Stockholders Deficit |
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(377,799 |
) |
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(377,549 |
) |
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Non-controlling interest |
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(4,369 |
) |
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Total Stockholders Deficit |
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$ |
(382,168 |
) |
|
$ |
(377,549 |
) |
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Total Liabilities and Stockholders Deficit |
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$ |
345,786 |
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$ |
488,382 |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
GLG
PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
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Three
Months Ended March 31, |
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2009 |
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2008 |
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Net revenues and other income |
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Management fees, net |
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$ |
34,427 |
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$ |
98,756 |
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Performance fees, net |
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10,817 |
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4,735 |
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Administration fees, net |
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5,473 |
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22,248 |
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Other |
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997 |
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5,641 |
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Total net revenues and other income |
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51,714 |
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131,380 |
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Expenses |
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|
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Employee compensation and benefits |
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(138,014 |
) |
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(287,935 |
) |
Limited partner profit share |
|
|
(8,643 |
) |
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(25,104 |
) |
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Compensation, benefits and profit share |
|
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(146,657 |
) |
|
|
(313,039 |
) |
General, administrative and other |
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(22,317 |
) |
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(30,303 |
) |
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Total expenses |
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(168,974 |
) |
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|
(343,342 |
) |
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Loss from operations |
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|
(117,260 |
) |
|
|
(211,962 |
) |
Realized loss on available-for-sale investments |
|
|
(21,217 |
) |
|
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Interest income |
|
|
357 |
|
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|
3,086 |
|
Interest expense |
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|
(2,947 |
) |
|
|
(7,129 |
) |
|
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|
|
|
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|
Loss before income taxes |
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|
(141,067 |
) |
|
|
(216,005 |
) |
Income taxes |
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
|
(6,200 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
(141,685 |
) |
|
|
(222,205 |
) |
Less non-controlling interests: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Cumulative dividends on exchangeable shares |
|
|
(595 |
) |
|
|
(4,129 |
) |
Share of loss |
|
|
22,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(120,259 |
) |
|
$ |
(226,334 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
Net loss per share basic |
|
$ |
(0.55 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.07 |
) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding basic (in
thousands) |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
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|
|
|
|
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|
Net loss per share diluted |
|
$ |
(0.55 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.07 |
) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding diluted (in
thousands) |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
GLG
PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIT
(US Dollars in thousands)
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Accumulated |
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Additional |
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Other |
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Total |
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Treasury |
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Common |
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Paid in |
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Preferred |
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Comprehensive |
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Accumulated |
|
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Non-controlling |
|
|
shareholders |
|
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|
Stock |
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|
Stock |
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Capital |
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Income/(Deficit) |
|
|
Income/(Deficit) |
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Interest |
|
|
Equity/(Deficit) |
|
Balance as of December 31, 2008 |
|
$ |
(293,434 |
) |
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
1,176,054 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
(17,141 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,241,758 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(376,249 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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Effect of adoption of FAS 141R (note 2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,300 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,300 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
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Balance as of December 31, 2008 restated |
|
$ |
(293,434 |
) |
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
1,176,054 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
(17,141 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,243,058 |
) |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
(377,549 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(120,259 |
) |
|
|
(22,021 |
) |
|
|
(142,280 |
) |
Unrealized gains on cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
Unrealized loss on
available-for-sale equity
investments (nil tax applicable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423 |
) |
Transfer to realized loss on
available-for-sale equity
investments on disposal (nil tax
applicable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,345 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,345 |
|
Transfer to realized loss on
available-for-sale equity
investments on other than temporary
impairment (nil tax applicable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,872 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,872 |
|
Foreign currency translation (nil
tax applicable) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(113 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,092 |
|
|
|
(120,259 |
) |
|
|
(21,950 |
) |
|
|
(121,117 |
) |
Share based compensation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99,066 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,581 |
|
|
|
116,647 |
|
Capital contributions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
Issue of new shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64,220 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
64,220 |
|
Shares repurchased |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(64,348 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(64,348 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of March 31, 2009 |
|
$ |
(293,434 |
) |
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
1,274,971 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
3,951 |
|
|
$ |
(1,363,317 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,369 |
) |
|
$ |
(382,168 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(US Dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Cash Flows From Operating Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
$ |
(141,685 |
) |
|
$ |
(222,205 |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used
in)/provided by operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
536 |
|
Share based compensation |
|
|
116,647 |
|
|
|
247,222 |
|
FX movements on cash held in foreign currency bank accounts |
|
|
(796 |
) |
|
|
(1,570 |
) |
Realized loss on available-for-sale investments |
|
|
21,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flows due to changes in: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees receivable |
|
|
8,459 |
|
|
|
338,392 |
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
|
|
(3,128 |
) |
|
|
352 |
|
Rebates and sub-administration fees payable |
|
|
(4,199 |
) |
|
|
(4,581 |
) |
Accrued compensation, benefits and profit share |
|
|
(34,209 |
) |
|
|
(376,563 |
) |
Income taxes payable |
|
|
(1,674 |
) |
|
|
(5,747 |
) |
Distributions payable |
|
|
(3,571 |
) |
|
|
3,990 |
|
Accounts payable and other accruals |
|
|
(7,607 |
) |
|
|
12,513 |
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
(23,092 |
) |
|
|
13,559 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash (used in)/ provided by operating activities |
|
|
(72,674 |
) |
|
|
5,898 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Investing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redemption of available-for-sale securities |
|
|
35,748 |
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of subsidiary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,500 |
) |
Transfer to restricted cash |
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
(33 |
) |
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
|
(286 |
) |
|
|
(723 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities |
|
|
35,427 |
|
|
|
(3,256 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows From Financing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant exercises |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,567 |
|
Warrant repurchases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37,582 |
) |
Share repurchases |
|
|
(64,348 |
) |
|
|
(3,457 |
) |
Capital contributions |
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
47 |
|
Acquisition-related transaction costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(308 |
) |
Distributions to principals and trustees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(100,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities |
|
|
(64,369 |
) |
|
|
(138,733 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(101,616 |
) |
|
|
(136,091 |
) |
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash |
|
|
696 |
|
|
|
1,208 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
316,195 |
|
|
|
429,422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
215,275 |
|
|
$ |
294,539 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
GLG Partners, Inc. (the Company) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on June 8, 2006
under the name Freedom Acquisition Holdings, Inc (Freedom). The Company was formed to acquire an
operating business through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase or
other similar business combination. On November 2, 2007 the Company completed the acquisition (the
Acquisition) of GLG Partners LP and its affiliated entities (collectively, GLG).
The Company is a leading alternative asset manager based in London which offers its clients a
broad range of investment products and account management services. Its primary business is to
provide investment management advisory services for various investment funds and companies (the
GLG Funds). The Company derives revenue primarily from management fees and administration fees
charged to the GLG Funds and accounts it manages based on the value of assets in these funds and
accounts, and performance fees charged to the GLG Funds and accounts it manages based on the
performance of these funds and accounts.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Certain information
and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with US
generally accepted accounting principles (US GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the
SECs rules and regulations.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with
the consolidated and combined financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Companys
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in US Dollars ($) and
prepared under US GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal
recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position,
results of operations and cash flows of the Company have been included. The unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All
intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
The Company operates in one business segment, the management of global funds and accounts. The
Company uses a multi-strategy approach, offering a range of funds across, among other things,
equity, credit, macro, convertible and emerging markets products. The Company does not own a
substantive controlling interest in any of the GLG Funds it manages and as a result none of the
GLG Funds are combined or consolidated by the Company.
5
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Change in Accounting Policy
During the period, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 141R, Business
Combinations (SFAS 141R), became applicable. The Company had previously recognized transaction
costs relating to the acquisition of Société Générale Asset Management UK (SGAM UK) as a prepaid
expense and other asset as at December 31, 2008. Under the new standard, the Company is required to
expense transaction costs relating to an acquisition in the period to which the costs relates.
The change in the accounting policy has the following effect on the financial statements:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
2008 |
|
Change |
|
|
Adjusted(1) |
|
As filed |
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
|
$ |
32,751 |
|
|
$ |
34,051 |
|
|
$ |
(1,300 |
) |
Stockholders Deficit: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
$ |
(1,243,058 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,241,758 |
) |
|
$ |
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated net loss |
|
$ |
(630,997 |
) |
|
$ |
(629,697 |
) |
|
$ |
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
December 31, 2008 was adjusted for comparability purposes to adjust for acquisition costs
related to the acquisition of SGAM UK which was signed in December 2008 and completed in
April 2009. Certain acquisition related costs were incurred in 2008. |
Principles of consolidation
Upon consummation of the Acquisition, the GLG Entities became wholly owned subsidiaries of the
Company and from that date the financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and
consolidate those entities over which the legal parent, the Company, has control over significant
operating, financial or investing decisions.
The Company consolidates certain entities it controls through a majority voting interest or
otherwise in which the Company is presumed to have control pursuant to Financial Accounting
Standards Board (FASB) Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 04-5, Determining Whether a
General Partner, or the General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar
Entity When the Limited Partners Have Certain Rights (EITF 04-5). All intercompany transactions
and balances have been eliminated.
The Company has determined that the GLG Funds that it manages are Variable Interest Entities
per the guidance of FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN
46(R)) in that the management contract cannot be terminated by a simple majority of unrelated
investors. The Company has determined that it is not the Primary Beneficiary and so does not
consolidate any of the GLG Funds. The Company earns substantially all of its revenue from the GLG
Funds and managed accounts. In addition, the Acquisition related cash compensation has been
invested in two GLG Funds, and the Companys results are exposed to changes in the fair value of
these funds as disclosed in Note 4.
6
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
FA Sub 2 Limited Exchangeable Shares
Upon consummation of the Acquisition, Noam Gottesman and the Gottesman GLG Trust received, in
exchange for their interests in GLG Entities, 58,904,993 exchangeable Class B ordinary shares of FA
Sub 2 Limited (the Exchangeable Shares) and 58,904,993 shares of the Companys Series A voting
preferred stock (the Series A preferred stock), in addition to their proportionate share of the
cash consideration.
The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable for an equal number of shares of the Companys common
stock at any time for no cash consideration at the holders option. Upon exchange of the
Exchangeable Shares, an equivalent number of shares of the Companys Series A preferred stock will
be concurrently redeemed. The shares of Series A preferred stock are entitled to one vote per share
and to vote with the common stockholders as a single class but have no economic rights. The
Exchangeable Shares carry dividend rights but no voting rights except with respect to certain
limited matters which will require the majority vote or written consent of the holders of
Exchangeable Shares. The combined ownership of the Exchangeable Shares and the Series A preferred
stock provides the holders of these shares with voting rights that are equivalent to those of the
Companys common stockholders.
The holders of the Exchangeable Shares receive a cumulative dividend based on the Companys
estimate of the net taxable income of FA Sub 2 Limited allocable to such holders multiplied by an
assumed tax rate of 44.38%. The cumulative dividend rights of the holders of the Exchangeable
Shares are in excess of those of the Companys common stockholders, and these rights are presented
as an expense within non-controlling interest in the condensed consolidated statements of
operations. The amount recorded in respect of the cumulative dividends for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 was $595.
At the FA Sub 2 Limited level, the Exchangeable Shares have the same liquidation and income
rights as other ordinary shareholders of FA Sub 2 Limited, and consequently the non-controlling
interest is calculated as the Exchangeable Shareholders proportionate share of net assets
prospectively from January 1, 2009, the effective date of SFAS No. 160, Non-controlling Interests
in Consolidated Financial Statements an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). Prior to the
adoption of SFAS 160, the non-controlling interest only shared in losses to the extent that they
have available equity to absorb losses, in accordance with ARB No. 51. Following the adoption of
SFAS 160, the non-controlling interest shares proportionately together with the controlling
interest in the profits and losses, even if there is no contractual obligation to fund losses, as
well as its proportionate share of changes in other equity movements of the subsidiary.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the combined and consolidated
financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and other income during the
reporting periods. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
Management fees are calculated as a percentage of net assets under management based upon the
contractual terms of investment advisory and related agreements and recognized as earned as the
related services are performed. These fees are generally payable monthly in arrears.
Performance fees are calculated as a percentage of investment gains (which includes both
realized and unrealized gains) less management and administration fees, subject in certain cases to
performance hurdles, over a measurement period, generally six months. The Company has elected to
adopt the preferred method of recording performance fee income, Method 1 of EITF Topic D-96,
Accounting for Management Fees Based on a Formula
7
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
(Method 1). Under Method 1, the Company does not recognize performance fee revenues and
related compensation until the end of the measurement period when the amounts are contractually
payable, or crystallized.
The majority of the investment funds and accounts managed by the Company have contractual
measurement periods that end on each of June 30 and December 31. As a result, the performance fee
revenues for the first and third fiscal quarters do not reflect revenues from uncrystallized
performance fees during these three-month periods and will be reflected instead at the end of the
fiscal quarter in which such fees crystallize.
In certain cases, the Company may rebate a portion of its gross management and performance
fees in order to compensate third-party institutional distributors for marketing its products and,
in a limited number of cases, in order to incentivize clients to invest in GLG Funds managed by the
Company. Such arrangements are generally priced at a portion of the Companys management and
performance fees paid by the fund. The Company accounts for rebates in accordance with EITF Issue
No. 99-19, Reporting Revenue Gross as a Principal versus Net as an Agent (EITF 99-19), and has
recorded its revenues net of rebates. In addition, most funds managed by the Company have share
classes with distribution fees that are paid to third party institutional distributors.
Administration fees are calculated on a similar basis as management fees and are recognized as
the related services are performed. From its gross administration fees, the Company pays
sub-administration fees to third-party administrators and custodians. In accordance with EITF
99-19, administration fees are recognized net of sub-administration fees.
Rebates and sub-administration fees on the balance sheet represent amounts payable under the
rebate and sub-administration fee arrangements described above.
Where a single-manager alternative strategy fund or internal Fund of Hedge Funds (FoHF)
managed by the Company invests in an underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by
the Company, the investing fund is the top-level GLG Fund into which a client invests and the
investee fund is the underlying GLG Fund into which the investing fund allocates funds for
investment. When one of the single-manager alternative strategy funds or internal FoHFs managed by
the Company invests in an underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by the
Company:
|
|
|
management fees are charged at the investee fund level, except in the case of (1) an
investment by the GLG Emerging Markets Fund in the GLG Emerging Markets (Special Assets)
Fund where management fees are charged only at the investing fund level and (2) the GLG
Multi Strategy Fund where fees are charged at both the investee and investing fund levels; |
|
|
|
|
performance fees are charged at the investee fund level, except in the case of (1) an
investment by the GLG Emerging Markets Fund in the GLG Emerging Markets (Special Assets)
Fund where performance fees are charged only at the investing fund level and (2) the GLG
Global Aggressive Fund where fees are charged at both the investee and investing fund
levels, to the extent, if any, that the performance fee charged at the investing fund is
greater than the performance fee charged at the investee fund level; and |
|
|
|
|
administration fees are charged at both the investing and investee fund levels. |
Due to the impact of foreign currency exposures on management and performance fees, the
Company has elected to utilize cash flow hedge accounting to hedge a portion of its anticipated
foreign currency denominated revenue. The effective portion of the hedge is recorded as a component
of other comprehensive income and is released into management or performance fee income,
respectively, when the hedged revenues impact the income statement. The ineffective portion of the
hedge is recorded each period as derivative gain or loss in other income or
other expense, respectively. See Derivatives and Hedging below for a further discussion
of the Companys foreign exchange hedging activities.
8
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
Employee Compensation and Benefits
The components of employee compensation and benefits are:
|
|
|
Base compensation contractual compensation paid to employees in the form of base
salary, which is expensed as incurred. |
|
|
|
|
Variable compensation payments that arise from the contractual entitlements of
personnel to a fixed percentage of certain variable fee revenues attributable to such
personnel with respect to GLG Funds and managed accounts. The liability for variable
compensation is a formulaic obligation calculated by reference to and payable following
the crystallization of fee revenues at the end of each fee period, which may be monthly or
semi-annually (on June 30 and December 31), depending on the fee revenue source. |
|
|
|
|
Discretionary compensation payments that are determined by the Companys management
in its sole discretion and are generally linked to performance. In determining such
payments, the Companys management considers, among other factors, the ratio of total
discretionary compensation to total revenues; however, this ratio may vary between periods
and, in particular, significant discretionary bonuses may still be paid in a period of low
performance for retention and incentivization purposes. This discretionary compensation is
paid to employees in the form of a discretionary bonus. Discretionary compensation is
generally declared and paid following the end of each calendar year. However, the
estimated discretionary compensation liability charge is adjusted monthly based on the
year-to-date profitability and revenues recognized on a year-to-date basis. As the
majority of funds crystallize their performance fees at June 30 and December 31, the
majority of discretionary compensation expense crystallizes at year end and is typically
paid in January and February following year end. |
Limited Partner Profit Share
The key personnel who are participants in the limited partner profit share arrangement provide
services to the Company through two limited liability partnerships, Laurel Heights LLP and Lavender
Heights LLP (the LLPs), which are limited partners in GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services
LP, respectively. The amount of profits (or limited partner profit share) attributable to each of
the LLPs is determined at the Companys discretion based upon the profitability of the Companys
business and the Companys view of the contribution to revenues and profitability from the services
provided by each limited partnership during that period. These profit shares are recorded as
operating expenses matching the period in which the related revenues are accrued and services are
provided. A portion of the partnership distribution is advanced monthly as a draw against final
determination of profit share. Once the final profit allocation is determined, typically in January
and February following each year end, it is paid to the LLPs, as limited partners, less any amounts
paid as advance drawings during the year. Other limited partners of GLG Partners Services LP who
receive profit allocations include two investment professionals, who are not members of Lavender
Heights LLP, but whose profit distributions from GLG Partners Services LP are determined in the
same manner as the allocation of profit shares to individual members of the LLP described below and
included in the limited partner profit share measure, as described below.
Profit allocations made to the LLPs by GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services LP make up
substantially all of the LLPs net profits for each period. Members are entitled to a base limited
partner profit share priority drawing, which is a fixed amount and paid as a partnership draw.
Certain members are also entitled to a variable limited partner profit share priority drawing based
on a fixed percentage of certain variable fee revenues attributable to such personnel with respect
to GLG Funds and managed accounts, which are paid as a partnership draw. After
year end, the managing members of the LLPs will declare discretionary allocations to the key
personnel who participate in the limited partner profit share arrangement and who are LLP members
from the remaining balance of the LLPs net profits, after taking into account the base and
variable limited partnership profit share priority drawings, based on their view of those
individuals contribution to the generation of these profits. These three components make up the
limited partner profit share. This process will typically take into account the nature of the
9
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
services provided to the Company by each key personnel, his or her seniority and the performance of
the individual during the period. Profit allocations, net of any amounts paid during the year as
priority partnership drawings, will typically be paid to the members in January and February
following each year end.
Derivatives and Hedging
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risks relating to performance and management fees
denominated in foreign currencies and also general, administration and other costs denominated in
foreign currencies. Forward foreign exchange contracts on various foreign currencies are entered
into to manage those risks. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, with changes in fair value
attributable to changes in the relevant spot rates recorded in other comprehensive income and
reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted
transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of the hedge attributable to the
spot-forward differential are recorded directly in the income statement.
For those derivatives that are designated as hedges and for which hedge accounting is desired,
the hedging relationship is formally designated and documented at its inception. The document
identifies the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging
instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature of risk being hedged and how effectiveness
will be measured throughout its duration. Such hedges are expected at inception to be highly
effective in offsetting changes in cash flows and are assessed on an ongoing basis to determine
that they actually have been highly effective throughout the reporting period for which they were
designated.
The Company has hedged 10,750,000 of monthly management fee receivables from January to May
2009 with a final settlement date of June 15, 2009. The Company has hedged £12,750,000 of monthly
operating expenditure from March to May 2009 with a final settlement date of June 15, 2009.
Investments
Investments represent available-for-sale investments in GLG Funds. In accordance with SFAS No.
115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS 115), such investment
securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Under SFAS 115,
unrealized gains and losses, net of applicable tax, are reported in a separate component of
stockholders equity until realized. Amortization, accretion, interest and dividends, realized
gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary on available-for-sale
securities are included in the statement of operations. For the purpose of computing realized gains
and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Investments
in securities with maturities of less than one year or which management intends to use to fund
current operations are classified as short-term investments.
The Company evaluates whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired. This
evaluation is dependent upon the specific facts and circumstances. Factors that are considered in
determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the market value
of the security in relation to its cost basis; the financial condition of the issuer; and the
intent and ability to retain the investment for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery
in the market value of the investment.
In connection with the Acquisition, consideration of $150,000 in cash and 33 million shares of
the Companys common stock was paid to two consolidated limited partnerships under the equity
participation plan to be paid/delivered to their members on the completion of the requisite vesting
period, generally over 3 or 4 years. The
first vested portion consisting of $30,000 of cash and 7,617,500 shares was paid or delivered
to members on November 2, 2007 and recorded as compensation expense.
10
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
Of the remaining $120,000 of cash proceeds, $24,000 was awarded to certain members of the two
limited partnerships in the form of loan notes from another subsidiary of the Company (and against
which that subsidiary holds restricted cash in an escrow account, refer to restricted cash note),
and $96,000 was invested by the two limited partnerships in two GLG Funds. As the partnerships are
consolidated in the Companys financial statements, changes in the fair value of the investments in
the GLG Funds are recorded in other comprehensive income until such time as the investments are
redeemed or an other than temporary impairment is incurred. During the three months ended March 31,
2009, $35,748 was redeemed from the investments in the GLG Funds to meet vesting requirements and
$10,345 was recognized as a realized loss in the statement of operations. In addition, GLG Global
Opportunity Fund transferred its remaining underlying assets to the GLG Global Opportunity (Special
Assets) Fund in February 2009. The Company assessed the impairment in the investments at March 31,
2009 as being other-than-temporary and released the remaining $10,872 movements in fair value to
the statement of operations as a realized loss.
The remaining 25,382,500 shares of common stock held by the limited partnerships (21,418,568
shares at balance sheet date following vesting during 2008 of 3,963,932 shares) are treated for
accounting purposes as treasury stock at the Acquisition date fair value of $13.70 per share
against additional paid in capital, which are expected to reduce to zero over 4 years as the shares
are delivered to members as they complete the requisite service period for vesting. The Company
records compensation expense for these shares in accordance with EITF 96-18, as the members have
been determined by the Company to be non-employees.
Net Loss per share of Common Stock
The Company calculates net income per common stock in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings
Per Share. The Company calculated diluted earnings per share for all periods using the
if-converted method for all participating securities. For the three months ended March 31, 2009 and
2008 the Exchangeable Shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as
they were anti-dilutive.
The Company applied the two-class method for determining basic earnings per share for the
post-Acquisition period. The Exchangeable Shares and the unvested shares issued in connection with
share-based compensation, and determined to be participating securities as per FSP 03-6-1, were
excluded from the calculation as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. In addition, the holders
of the Exchangeable Shares participate equally with ordinary shareholders in the liquidation
preferences of FA Sub 2 Limited, but have neither a liquidation interest in GLG Partners, Inc. nor
any obligation to fund losses in either FA Sub 2 Limited or GLG Partners, Inc. Consequently, the
Company believes it is appropriate to apply the guidance in Issue 5 of EITF 03-6 in respect of the
post-Acquisition period and exclude the Exchangeable Shares from the calculation of basic earnings
per share. In accordance with issue 4 of EITF 03-6, undistributed earnings have not been allocated
to the unvested shares as they do not have a contractual obligation to fund the losses of the
Company.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Net loss applicable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(120,259 |
) |
|
$ |
(226,334 |
) |
Weighted-average common stock outstanding (in thousands), basic |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
|
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders basic |
|
$ |
(0.55 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.07 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average common stock outstanding (in thousands), diluted |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
|
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders diluted |
|
|
(0.55 |
) |
|
|
(1.07 |
) |
11
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
The following common stock equivalents have been excluded from the computation of
weighted-average stock outstanding used for computing diluted earnings per share as of March 31,
2009 and 2008 as they would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three
Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
2009 |
|
2008 |
Common stock held in Treasury |
|
|
21,419 |
|
|
|
25,383 |
|
FA Sub 2 Limited Exchangeable Shares |
|
|
58,905 |
|
|
|
58,905 |
|
Common stock awarded in connection with
share-based compensation arrangements |
|
|
9,107 |
|
|
|
10,675 |
|
Public Warrants |
|
|
32,985 |
|
|
|
32,985 |
|
Co-investment Warrants |
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
Sponsors Warrants |
|
|
4,500 |
|
|
|
4,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
131,916 |
|
|
|
137,448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In addition to the above, there were 12,000,003 Founders Warrants that are only exercisable if
and when the last sales price of the Companys common stock exceeds $14.25 per share for any 20
trading days within a 30-trading day period beginning 90 days after November 2, 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 160, which states that accounting and reporting for
minority interests will be recharacterized as non-controlling interests and classified as a
component of equity. SFAS 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated financial
statements, except not-for-profit organizations, but will affect only those entities that have an
outstanding non-controlling interest in one or more subsidiaries or that deconsolidate a
subsidiary. SFAS 160 is effective prospectively, except for certain presentation disclosure
requirements, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. As described above under
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries, the primary impact of the adoption of SFAS
160 was the reclassification of minority interests from liabilities to stockholders equity and
their re-labeling as non-controlling interests. In addition, under ARB No. 51, non-controlling
interests only shared in losses to the extent that they had available equity to absorb losses.
Under SFAS 160, the non-controlling interests prospectively fully share in losses as well as
profits, even if there is no contractual obligation to fund losses. Prior period statements of
operations have been retrospectively re-presented to conform to the disclosure requirements of SFAS
160. As the income attributable to common stockholders is materially different to what it would
have been if SFAS 160 had not been adopted, pro forma statement of operations have been provided in
Note 10.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141R, Business Combinations (FAS 141R), which
replaces SFAS No. 141 and establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a
business recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the
liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. SFAS 141R also provides
guidance for recognizing and measuring the goodwill acquired in the business combination and
determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the
nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141R applied prospectively to
business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first
annual reporting period
beginning on or after December 15, 2008. As at December 31, 2008 the Company had capitalized
$1,300 for acquisition costs arising from in-progress acquisitions. On transition to SFAS 141R in
the period ended March 31, 2009, these costs have been retrospectively taken to the statement of
operations.
12
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157), which became effective for the Company on
January 1, 2008, established a framework for measuring fair value, while expanding fair value
measurement disclosures. SFAS 157 established a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between
independent observable inputs and unobservable inputs based on the best information available. SFAS
157 expands disclosures about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities, the effect
of these measurements on earnings for the period, and the inputs used to measure fair value. In
February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FAS 157-1 to exclude SFAS No. 13,
Accounting for Leases, and its related interpretive accounting pronouncements that address leasing
transactions, from the scope of SFAS 157. In February 2008, the FASB also issued FSP FAS 157-2 to
allow entities the option to defer the effective date of SFAS 157 for non-financial assets and
liabilities, except for those items recognized or disclosed at fair value on an annual or more
frequently recurring basis, until January 1, 2009. The Company has applied the fair value
measurement provisions of SFAS 157 to its non-financial assets and liabilities effective January 1,
2009. The January 1, 2009 adoption of the other provisions of SFAS 157 had no impact on retained
earnings and is not expected to have a material impact on the Companys results of operations and
financial condition. On October 10, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining Fair Value in
a Market That Is Not Active (FSP FAS 157-3), which is effective upon issuance and which clarifies
the application of SFAS 157 in an inactive market without changing its existing principles, to
help constituents measure fair value in markets that are not active. The adoption of FSP FAS 157-3
did not have a material impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition.
On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 changes the
disclosure requirements for derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities are required to
provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, (b) how
derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS No. 133 and its
related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an
entitys financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. The Company elected to adopt
SFAS 161 early effective as of January 1, 2008. Adoption of SFAS 161 expands the disclosures on the
Companys derivative and hedging activities.
In June 2008, the FASB issued FSP EITF 03-6-1, Determining Whether Instruments Granted in
Share-Based Payment Transactions Are Participating Securities (FSP EITF 03-6-1). FSP EITF 03-6-1
addresses whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating
securities prior to vesting and, therefore, need to be included in the earnings allocation in
computing earnings per share under the two-class method as described in SFAS No. 128, Earnings per
Share. Under the guidance in FSP EITF 03-6-1, unvested share-based payment awards that contain
non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are
participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to
the two-class method. FSP EITF 03-6-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. All prior-period earnings per share data
presented shall be adjusted retrospectively. The adoption of FSP EITF 03-6-1 did not have a
material impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition.
In December 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8, Disclosures by Public
Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest
Entities, (FSP No. FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8), which requires enhanced disclosures about
transfers of financial assets and interests in variable interest entities. The FSP is effective for
interim and annual periods ending after December 15, 2008. Since FSP No. FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8
requires only additional disclosures concerning transfers of financial assets and interests in
variable interest entities, adoption of FSP No. FAS 140-4 and FIN 46(R)-8 did not have a material
impact on the Companys results of operations or financial condition or cash flows.
FASB Final Staff Position No. 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets
(FSP FAS-142-3), amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension
assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142). SFAS 142 was issued in April 2008, and is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and
13
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance in this FSP for determining the useful life
of a recognized intangible shall be applied prospectively to intangible assets acquired after the
effective date. The disclosure requirements of FSP FAS-142-3, however, shall be applied
prospectively to all intangible assets recognized in the Companys financial statements as of the
effective date. The application of FSP FAS-142-3 is not expected to have a material impact on the
Companys results of operations or financial condition.
FASB Final Staff Position No. FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 (FSP FAS-107-1 and APB-28-1), amends
SFAS No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to require disclosures about
fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods as well as in annual financial
statements. FSP FAS-107-1 and APB-28-1 also amends APB Opinion No. 28, Interim Financial Reporting,
to require those disclosures in summarized financial information at interim reporting periods. FSP
FAS-107-1 and APB-28-1 was issued in April 2009 and is effective prospectively for interim reporting
periods ending after June 15, 2009. The application of FSP FAS-107-1 and APB-28-1 will expand the
Companys disclosures regarding the use of fair value in interim periods.
3. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company, in the ordinary course, responds to a variety of regulatory inquiries. The
Company and its subsidiaries are involved in the following regulatory investigations:
On January 25, 2008, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) notified the Company of
proceedings relating to GLGs trading in the shares of Infogrames Entertainment (Infogrames) on
February 8 and 9, 2006, prior to the issuance by Infogrames on February 9, 2006 of a press release
announcing poor financial results. The AMFs decision to initiate an investigation into GLGs
trades in Infogrames was based on a November 19, 2007 report prepared by the AMFs Department of
Market Investigation and Supervision (the Infogrames Report). According to the Infogrames Report,
the trades challenged by the AMF generated an unrealized capital gain for GLG as of the opening on
February 10, 2006 of 179,000. The AMF investigation relates solely to the conduct of a former
employee; however, the Company was named as the respondent. If sustained, the charge against the
Company could give rise to an administrative fine under French securities laws. The Company filed
its response to the Infogrames Report on May 23, 2008. The matter is currently pending with the
Rapporteur, who will decide based on the Infogrames Report, GLGs response and his own
investigation whether to proceed with formal charges.
The Company has provided for the above within accounts payable and other accruals within
Current Liabilities.
Indemnifications
In the normal course of business, the Company enters into operating contracts that contain a
variety of representations and warranties and that provide general indemnifications. The Companys
maximum exposure under these arrangements is unknown as this would involve future claims that may
be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. However, based on experience, the Company
expects the risk of material loss to be remote.
14
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
4. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to
transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
SFAS 157 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation
methodologies into the following three levels:
|
|
|
Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices,
unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active
markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most
reliable evidence of fair value and shall be used to measure fair
value whenever available. |
|
|
|
|
Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted
prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for
identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are
not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that are
derived principally from or can be corroborated by observable
market data by correlation or other means. |
|
|
|
|
Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and
significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and
liabilities include financial instruments whose value is
determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as
instruments for which the determination of fair value requires
significant management judgment or estimation. |
Investments at fair value include available-for-sale investments in listed GLG Funds, both of
which are Funds of Hedge Funds. These investments are valued at the final Net Asset Value (NAV)
as calculated by the Funds administrator and published by the relevant exchange. During 2008 and
continuing into 2009, gates and suspensions were imposed on a number of GLG Funds and the GLG
Multi-Strategy Fund was suspended. Consequently no published NAV is available for this Fund. Due to
the unavailability of a publicly quoted NAV, the Company has determined its investments in these
GLG Funds as level 3 until such time as gates are removed and suspensions lifted. These GLG Funds
continue to be valued at the NAV as calculated by the Funds administrators. The Funds
administrators continue to calculate the NAV using the same methodology for determining the fair
value of the Funds. This NAV, and the associated fair values of underlying investments, have been
reviewed by the Funds Independent Pricing Committee.
Other assets include the fair value of foreign exchange derivatives, which are valued at
quoted forward prices from foreign exchange counterparties and discounted to present value using
prevailing risk free rates for the Companys functional currency.
In accordance with the fair value hierarchy described above, the following table shows the
fair value of the Companys financial assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at
fair value as of March 31, 2009, which are classified as Non-current assets:
15
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value Measurements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Active Markets |
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for Identical |
|
|
Other |
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
Observable |
|
|
Unobservable |
|
Description |
|
Balance |
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
Inputs (Level 2) |
|
|
Inputs (Level 3) |
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available for sale investments |
|
$ |
29,300 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
29,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets (financial derivatives) |
|
$ |
718 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
718 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Movements in level 3 assets for the
period were as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available for Sale investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opening Balance January 1, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
65,484 |
|
Change in fair value recorded in
other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
Change in unrealized losses recorded
in other comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423 |
) |
Redemption proceeds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(35,748 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing Balance March 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
29,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total unrealized losses in investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the quarter the Company redeemed a portion of its investment in the GLG Global
Opportunity Fund, realizing a loss on disposal of $10,345. At March 31, 2009 the Company had
impairments of $6,025 in the GLG Global Opportunity Fund (through its successor, the GLG Global
Opportunity (Special Assets) Fund) and $4,847 in the GLG Multi-Strategy Fund. Due to a change
arising in the quarter in managements ability and intent to hold the equity investments for a
sufficient period to recover the impairment, it was determined to realize a $10,872 other than
temporary impairment to the statement of operations. Both the realized loss on disposal and other
than temporary impairment charge of $10,872 have been recorded in the statement of operations as a
realized loss on available-for-sale equity investments of $21,217.
5. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING
The Company is exposed to foreign exchange risks relating to performance and management fees
denominated in foreign currencies and also general, administration and other costs denominated in
foreign currencies. Forward foreign exchange contracts on various foreign currencies are entered
into to manage those risks. These contracts are designated as cash flow hedges under SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, with changes in fair value
attributable to changes in the relevant spot rates recorded in other comprehensive income and
reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged forecasted
transaction affects earnings. Changes in the fair value of the hedge attributable to the
spot-forward differential are recorded directly in the income statement.
For those derivatives that are designated as hedges and for which hedge accounting is desired,
the hedging relationship is formally designated and documented at its inception. The document
identifies the risk management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge, the hedging
instrument, the hedged item or transaction, the nature
of risk being hedged and how effectiveness will be measured throughout its duration. Such
hedges are expected at inception to be highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows and are
assessed on an ongoing basis to
16
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
determine that they actually have been highly effective throughout the reporting period for which
they were designated.
The Company has hedged 10,750,000 of monthly management fee receivables from January to May
2009 with a final settlement date of June 15, 2009. The Company has hedged £12,750,000 of monthly
operating expenditure from March to May 2009 with a final settlement date of June 15, 2009. For the
three months ended March 31, 2009, the fair value of financial instruments has been recorded as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended |
|
|
|
31 March 2009 |
|
Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments designated in a cash
flow hedge relationship at end of period (included in Other Assets) |
|
$ |
718 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total Fair Value of Derivative Financial Instruments (included in Other
Assets) |
|
$ |
718 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair values are allocated as follows: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of Changes in Equity: |
|
|
|
|
Gain recorded in other comprehensive income in period cash flow hedges |
|
|
907 |
|
Gain reclassified from other comprehensive income to income |
|
|
(425 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total gain carried forward in Other Comprehensive Income |
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statement of Operations: |
|
|
|
|
Decrease in General, Administrative & Other expenses effective
portion of hedge reclassified from other comprehensive income |
|
|
134 |
|
Decrease in Employee compensation and benefits effective portion of
hedge reclassified from other comprehensive income |
|
|
97 |
|
Increase in Management Fees effective portion of hedge reclassified
from other comprehensive income |
|
|
194 |
|
Decrease in Other income (ineffective portion of hedge and excluded from
effectiveness assessment) |
|
|
(231 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total impact on Statement of Operations |
|
|
194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total impact on Comprehensive Income |
|
|
676 |
|
|
|
|
|
6. CREDIT FACILITY
The financial covenants required that the Company had fee paying AUM (approximately equal to
disclosed gross AUM) on December 31, 2008 of $15,000,000 (which is measured annually on December 31
and increases $500,000 per year until 2012) and that it maintains at the end of each fiscal quarter
a leverage ratio of not more than 4.5:1 calculated on the basis of adjusted earnings before
interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (as defined in the Companys credit agreement for
the loan facilities) on a last twelve months basis. The Company was in compliance with its
quarterly financial covenant as of March 31, 2009 with a leverage ratio of 2.8:1.
Factors affecting the Companys ability to comply with these covenants include: the
performance of the GLG Funds prior to the end of each relevant measurement period, future net
redemptions, currency movements principally Euro versus the U.S. dollar and the level of
compensation and general and administration expenses. In
addition, the Company believes that there are a number of options available to it to maintain
compliance with the above covenants, should the risk of compliance increase, including: obtaining a
debt covenant waiver, strategic acquisitions that would increase fee paying AUM and/or earnings,
scaling down its cost infrastructure and reducing debt levels through the use of free cash or from
the proceeds of the issuance of additional equity. The credit
17
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
agreement also includes restrictive covenants which, among other things, restrict the Companys
ability to incur additional indebtedness.
7. STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIT
The following transactions occurred in the common stock of the Company during the first
quarter of 2009:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Shares |
Common stock outstanding at December 31, 2008 |
|
|
245,784,390 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares issued as bonus |
|
|
28,290,535 |
|
Shares repurchased |
|
|
(28,344,655 |
) |
Shares issued under share plan awards |
|
|
1,270,524 |
|
Stock forfeited and cancelled under share-based compensation arrangements |
|
|
(496,500 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock outstanding at March 31, 2009 |
|
|
246,504,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
No dividends have been declared in 2009. On February 25, 2008 a dividend of $0.025 per share
of common stock was declared payable on April 21, 2008 to holders of record on April 10, 2008. A
dividend of $0.025 per share was also declared payable on April 21, 2008 to holders of the FA Sub 2
Limited Exchangeable Shares.
8. INCOME TAXES
The Company calculates its effective tax rate on profit before tax and certain non-tax
deductible expenses. For the first three months of 2009, $126,737 of the Companys compensation
expense related to acquisition-related share based compensation, $118,876 of which is not tax
deductible, compared to $260,155 for the first three months of 2008, all of which was non-tax
deductible. For the quarter, the Company also recognized realized loss on available-for-sale equity
investments of $21,217, which was also non-tax deductible. The Companys loss/profit before tax and
before these non-deductible expenses was a $974 loss and a $44,150 profit for the first three
months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. The Companys effective tax rate based on this measure was
(63.4%) and 14% for the first three months of 2009 and 2008, respectively. Notwithstanding there
being an overall taxable loss in this period, the negative tax rate in the first quarter of 2009
arises primarily due to there being a tax charge related to timing differences on share based
compensation deductions accrued in accordance with FAS 109 principles and the actual tax deduction
that arises on vesting, as well as a debt arising from a FIN 48 movement in the first quarter of
2009. These rates differ from the U.S. Federal rate of tax of 35% as the Companys profits are
predominantly earned outside the United States where lower rates of tax apply.
18
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
9. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
Attributed to |
|
|
Attributed to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Attributed to |
|
|
|
controlling |
|
|
non-controlling |
|
|
Total |
|
|
controlling |
|
Net Loss |
|
$ |
(120,259 |
) |
|
$ |
(22,021 |
) |
|
$ |
(142,280 |
) |
|
$ |
(226,334 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income
unrealized gains on cash flow hedges |
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
|
|
Release of unrealized loss to statement of operations |
|
|
20,794 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,794 |
|
|
|
(3,948 |
) |
Foreign currency translation |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(113 |
) |
|
|
(412 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total comprehensive loss |
|
$ |
(99,167 |
) |
|
$ |
(21,950 |
) |
|
$ |
(121,117 |
) |
|
$ |
(230,694 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
10. PROFORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
As required under the transitional provisions of SFAS 160, the following pro forma statement
of operations is presented to show the Companys results of operations for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 and 2008 under the rules relating to non-controlling interests before the adoption
of the standard.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
Net revenues and other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fees, net |
|
$ |
34,427 |
|
|
$ |
98,756 |
|
Performance fees, net |
|
|
10,817 |
|
|
|
4,735 |
|
Administration fees, net |
|
|
5,473 |
|
|
|
22,248 |
|
Other |
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
5,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues and other income |
|
|
51,714 |
|
|
|
131,380 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee compensation and benefits |
|
|
(138,014 |
) |
|
|
(287,935 |
) |
Limited partner profit share |
|
|
(8,643 |
) |
|
|
(25,104 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation, benefits and profit share |
|
|
(146,657 |
) |
|
|
(313,039 |
) |
General, administrative and other |
|
|
(22,317 |
) |
|
|
(30,303 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses |
|
|
(168,974 |
) |
|
|
(343,342 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss income from operations |
|
|
(117,260 |
) |
|
|
(211,962 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized
loss on available-for-sale investments |
|
|
(21,217 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
3,086 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(2,947 |
) |
|
|
(7,129 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
|
(141,067 |
) |
|
|
(216,005 |
) |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
|
(6,200 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated net loss |
|
|
(141,685 |
) |
|
|
(222,205 |
) |
|
|
Cumulative dividends on exchangeable shares |
|
|
(595 |
) |
|
|
(4,129 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(142,280 |
) |
|
$ |
(226,334 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share basic |
|
$ |
(0.66 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.07 |
) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding basic (in
thousands) |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per share diluted |
|
$ |
(0.66 |
) |
|
$ |
(1.07 |
) |
Weighted average common stock outstanding diluted (in
thousands) |
|
|
216,764 |
|
|
|
211,167 |
|
20
GLG PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(US Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) (contd)
11. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On December 19, 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with Société Générale Asset
Management to acquire Société Générale Asset Management UK (SGAM UK), Société Générales UK
long-only asset management business, for £4,500,000 ($6,469) in cash. The transaction closed on
April 3, 2009.
On May 11, 2009, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its existing term loan and
revolving credit facilities. The effectiveness of the amendment is conditioned upon (i) the
consummation of a capital raise, upon terms and conditions specified in the amendment, resulting
in net cash proceeds to the Company of at least $150,000,
(ii) the Company making a pro rata offer, at 60% of par,
to purchase, upon terms and conditions specified in the amendment, from the lenders loans under
the credit facilities which offer is accepted with respect to at least $150,000 in outstanding
principal amount of loans and (iii) other customary matters. If the amendment becomes effective,
(i) the two financial covenants in the credit facility (minimum AUM and leverage ratios) will be
eliminated; (ii) the Company will be required to use 50% of its excess cash flow (as defined in
the amended Credit Agreement) quarterly to prepay the outstanding loans; (iii) the cash proceeds
from the required capital raise must be used to fund the purchase of the loans purchased from the
lenders; and (iv) the Company will be prohibited from making dividend payments to shareholders of
the Company for one year from the date of the effectiveness of the amendment and thereafter,
dividends to shareholders of the Company may be made only after the aggregate outstanding
principal amount of the loans is less than $200,000.
21
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in or incorporated into
Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our audited combined and consolidated
financial statements and related notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended
December 31, 2008. The information contained in this section contains forward-looking statements.
Our actual results may differ significantly from the results suggested by these forward-looking
statements and our historical results as a result of certain risks and uncertainties which are
described in Risk Factors referred to in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
General
Our Business
We are a U.S.-listed asset management company offering our clients a diverse range of
alternative and traditional investment products and account management services. Our primary
business is to provide investment management advisory services for various investment funds and
companies (the GLG Funds) and accounts we manage. We currently derive our revenues primarily from management fees and
administration fees charged to the GLG Funds and accounts we manage based on the value of the
assets in these funds and accounts, and performance fees charged to the GLG Funds and accounts we
manage based on the performance of these funds and accounts. Substantially all of our assets under
management, or AUM, are attributable to third-party investors, and the funds and accounts we manage
are not consolidated into our financial statements. As of March 31, 2009, our net AUM (net of
assets invested in other GLG Funds) were approximately $14.0 billion, as compared to approximately
$15.0 billion as of December 31, 2008, and approximately $24.6 billion as of March 31, 2008. As of
March 31, 2009, our gross AUM (including assets invested in other GLG Funds) were approximately
$15.4 billion, as compared to approximately $16.5 billion as of December 31, 2008, and
approximately $29.1 billion as of March 31, 2008.
On December 19, 2008, we entered into (i) an agreement with Société Générale Asset Management
to acquire Société Générale Asset Management UK (SGAM UK), Société Générales UK long-only asset
management business, for £4.5 million (approximately $6.5 million) in cash and (ii) a sub-advisory
agreement with SGAM UK related to approximately $3.0 billion of AUM. On April 3, 2009, we
completed the acquisition of SGAM UKs operations, which had approximately $6.8 billion of AUM as
of that date, and its investment and support staff, based primarily in London. Upon completion of
the transaction, the sub-advisory agreement terminated.
On November 2, 2007, we completed the acquisition (the Acquisition) of GLG Partners Limited,
GLG Holdings Limited, Mount Granite Limited, Albacrest Corporation, Liberty Peak Ltd., GLG Partners
Services Limited, Mount Garnet Limited, Betapoint Corporation, Knox Pines Ltd., GLG Partners Asset
Management Limited and GLG Partners (Cayman) Limited (each, an Acquired Company and collectively,
the Acquired Companies) pursuant to a Purchase Agreement dated as of June 22, 2007 (the Purchase
Agreement) among us, our wholly owned subsidiaries, FA Sub 1 Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub
3 Limited, Jared Bluestein, as the buyers representative, Noam Gottesman, as the sellers
representative, and the equity holders of the Acquired Companies (the GLG Shareowners).
Effective upon the consummation of the Acquisition, (1) each Acquired Company became a
subsidiary of ours, (2) the business and assets of the Acquired Companies and certain affiliated
entities (collectively, the GLG Entities) became our only operations and (3) we changed our name
to GLG Partners, Inc.
In exchange for their equity interests in the Acquired Companies, the GLG Shareowners
received:
|
|
|
$976,107,300 in cash; |
|
|
|
|
$23,892,700 in promissory notes in lieu of all of the cash consideration payable to
electing GLG Shareowners; |
22
|
|
|
230,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.0001 per share which consists of: |
|
|
|
138,095,007 shares of our common stock, including 10,000,000 shares of our
common stock issued for the benefit of our employees, service providers and certain
key personnel under our 2007 Restricted Stock Plan (the Restricted Stock Plan); |
|
|
|
|
33,000,000 shares of our common stock payable by us upon exercise of certain put
or call rights with respect to 33,000,000 ordinary shares issued by FA Sub 1
Limited to certain GLG Shareowners. Each of the ordinary shares issued by FA Sub 1
Limited to these GLG Shareowners has been put by the holder to us in exchange for
one share of our common stock; and |
|
|
|
|
58,904,993 shares of our common stock to be issued upon the exchange of
58,904,993 Exchangeable Shares (the Exchangeable Shares) issued by FA Sub 2
Limited to certain GLG Shareowners. Each Exchangeable Share is exchangeable at any
time at the election of the holder for one share of our common stock; and |
|
|
|
58,904,993 shares of our Series A preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share issued
with the corresponding Exchangeable Shares which carry only voting rights and nominal
economic rights and which will automatically be redeemed on a share-for-share basis as
Exchangeable Shares are exchanged for shares of our common stock. |
The aggregate of $1.0 billion in cash and promissory notes necessary to pay the cash portion
of the purchase price to the GLG Shareowners was financed through a combination of (1)
approximately $571.1 million of proceeds raised in our initial public offering and the
co-investment by the sponsors of Freedom Acquisition Holdings, Inc., Berggruen Holdings North
America Ltd. and Marlin Equities II, LLC, immediately prior to the consummation of the Acquisition
and (2) bank debt financing of $530.0 million of the $570.0 million available under the credit
facilities. The remaining capacity under the credit facilities was drawn down for working capital
and general corporate purposes.
The Acquisition is accounted for as a reverse acquisition. The combined group composed of the
Acquired Companies has been treated as the acquiring entity and the continuing reporting entity for
accounting purposes. Upon completion of the Acquisition, our assets and liabilities were recorded
at historical cost and added to those of the Acquired Companies. Because we had no active business
operations prior to consummation of the Acquisition, the Acquisition was accounted for as a
recapitalization of the Acquired Companies.
In this Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,
references to GLG should be taken to refer to the combined business of the GLG Entities prior to
November 2, 2007, and references to we, us, our and the Company shall be taken to refer to
the business of GLG Partners, Inc. and its subsidiaries from and after November 2, 2007.
Factors Affecting Our Business
Our business and results of operations are impacted by the following factors:
|
|
|
Assets under management. Our revenues from management and administration fees are
directly linked to AUM. As a result, our future performance will depend on, among other
things, our ability both to retain AUM and to grow AUM from existing and new products. |
|
|
|
|
Fund and managed account performance. Our revenues from performance fees are linked to
the performance of the GLG Funds and accounts we manage. Performance also affects AUM
because it influences investors decisions to invest assets in, or withdraw assets from,
the GLG Funds and accounts managed by us. |
23
|
|
|
Currency exchange rates. The GLG Funds typically offer share classes denominated in
multiple currencies and as a result, earn fees in those currencies based on the AUM
denominated in those currencies. Consequently, our fee revenues are affected by exchange
rate movements. |
|
|
|
|
Personnel, systems, controls and infrastructure. We depend on our ability to attract,
retain and motivate leading investment and other professionals. Our business requires
significant investment in our fund management platform, including infrastructure and
back-office personnel. We have in the past paid, and expect to continue in the future to
pay, these professionals significant compensation, even during periods we are not
profitable, as well as a share of our profits. |
|
|
|
|
Fee rates. Our management and administration fee revenues are linked to the fee rates
we charge the GLG Funds and accounts we manage as a percentage of their AUM. Our
performance fees are linked to the rates we charge the GLG Funds and accounts we manage as
a percentage of their performance-driven asset growth, subject to high water marks,
whereby performance fees are earned by us only to the extent that the
net asset value of an investors shares in a
GLG Fund or the net asset value of an account we manage at the end of a measurement period exceeds the highest net asset value on a
preceding measurement period end for which we earned performance fees, and/or subject, in
some cases, to performance hurdles. |
In addition, our business and results of operations may be affected by a number of external
market factors. These include global asset allocation trends, regulatory developments and overall
macroeconomic activity. Due to these and other factors, our operating results may reflect
significant volatility from period to period.
We operate in only one business segment, the management of global investment funds and
accounts.
Critical Accounting Policies
For the period from and after November 2, 2007, our accounts are presented based on the
consolidated financial statements of GLG Partners, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates
and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of
contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues, expenses and other income.
Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. The following is a summary of our
critical accounting policies that are most affected by judgments, estimates and assumptions.
Combination and Consolidation Criteria
Upon consummation of the Acquisition, the GLG Entities became our wholly owned subsidiaries
and from that date the financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis and
consolidate those entities over which the legal parent, GLG Partners, Inc., has control over
significant operating, financial or investing decisions.
We consolidate certain entities we control through a majority voting interest or otherwise in
which we are presumed to have control pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)
Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 04-5, Determining Whether a General Partner, or the
General Partners as a Group, Controls a Limited Partnership or Similar Entity When the Limited
Partners Have Certain Rights (EITF 04-5). All intercompany transactions and balances have been
eliminated.
We have determined that the GLG Funds that we manage are Variable Interest Entities under the
guidance of FASB Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46(R))
in that the management contract cannot be terminated by a simple majority of unrelated investors.
We have determined that we are not the Primary Beneficiary and, accordingly, we do not consolidate
any of the GLG Funds. We earn substantially all of our revenue from the GLG Funds and managed
accounts. In addition, the Acquisition-related cash compensation has been invested in two GLG
Funds, and our results are exposed to changes in the fair value of these funds.
24
Assets Under Management
Our assets under management, AUM, are comprised of cash balances, discretionary managed
accounts and fund assets. The net asset value (NAV) of AUM related to discretionary managed
accounts is determined by the third party custodian of those accounts. Our related management,
administration and performance fees are determined pursuant to the terms of the respective clients
investment management agreement, which in turn refer to the NAV of those accounts as determined by
the custodian. The NAV of fund assets in the GLG Funds is determined by the third party
administrator of the GLG Funds. The administrators of the GLG Funds utilize the fair value
methodology described below in determining the NAV of the respective fund assets.
Management, administration and performance fees depend on, among other things, the fair value
of AUM. The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets (such as publicly traded
derivatives and trading securities) is based on closing quoted market prices at the balance sheet
date. The quoted value of financial assets and liabilities not traded in an active market that are
held by the funds is the current mid price based on prices from multiple broker quotes and/or
prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers. When a fund holds OTC derivatives
it uses mid-market prices as a basis for establishing fair values. Futures and options are valued
based on closing market prices. Forward and swap contracts are valued based on current observable
market inputs and/or prices obtained from recognized financial data service providers.
For investments that do not have a readily ascertainable market value, such as private
placements of equity and debt securities, the most recent transaction price is utilized as the best
available information related to the fair value of the investment. Events and developments related
to the underlying portfolio companies are continuously monitored and carefully considered to
determine if a change to the current carrying value is warranted. For investments where it is
determined that the most recent transaction price is not the best indicator of fair value, fair
value is determined by using a number of methodologies and procedures, including but not limited
to: (1) performing comparisons with prices of comparable or similar securities; (2) obtaining
valuation-related information from issuers; (3) discounted cash flow models; (4) related
transactions subsequent to the acquisition of the investment; and/or (5) consulting other
analytical data and indicators of value. The methodologies and processes used will be based on the
specific attributes related to an investment and available market data and comparative information,
depending on the most reliable information at the time.
The prospectus for each GLG Fund sets out the procedure shareholders of the GLG Funds are
required to follow in order to redeem their investment, which includes the notice period. Investors
are required to provide the relevant GLG Fund with written notice of a redemption request prior to
the specified deadline for the requested redemption date (defined as a Dealing Day). The table
below sets forth the typical range of notice periods which apply to the GLG Funds. Such redemption
request is irrevocable but may, with the approval of any director of the relevant GLG Fund, be
cancelled at any point prior to the business day prior to the relevant Dealing Day (defined as the
Valuation Day).
|
|
|
GLG Fund |
|
General Range of Redemption Request Advance Notice Periods* |
|
Single-manager alternative strategy funds
|
|
5-60 days |
Long-only funds
|
|
1-5 days |
Internal FoHF
|
|
10-30 days |
External FoHF
|
|
45-90 days |
|
|
|
* |
|
Days are defined in the prospectus of each GLG Fund and the definition may be business days or
calendar days depending on the GLG Fund |
Revenue Recognition
Performance Fees
Performance fee rates are calculated as a percentage of investment gains less management and
administration fees, subject to high water marks and, in the case of most long-only funds, six
external funds of funds, or FoHF,
25
five single-manager alternative strategy funds and certain
managed accounts, to performance hurdles, over a
measurement period, generally six months. We have elected to adopt the preferred method of
recording performance fee income, Method 1 of Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Topic D-96,
Accounting for Management Fees Based on a Formula (Method 1). Under Method 1, we do not recognize
performance fee revenues until the end of the measurement period when the amounts are contractually
payable, or crystallized.
The majority of the GLG Funds and accounts managed by us have contractual measurement periods
that end on each of June 30 and December 31. As a result, the performance fee revenues for our
first fiscal quarter and third fiscal quarter results generally, do not reflect revenues from
uncrystallized performance fees during these three-month periods. These revenues will be reflected
instead at the end of the fiscal quarter in which such fees crystallize.
Compensation and Limited Partner Profit Share
Compensation expense related to performance fees is accrued during the period for which the
related performance fee revenue is recognized and is adjusted monthly based on year-to-date
profitability and revenues recognized on a year-to-date basis.
We also have a limited partner profit share arrangement which remunerates certain individuals
through distributions of profits from two of our subsidiaries, GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners
Services LP, paid either to two limited liability partnerships in which those individuals are
members or directly to certain individuals who are limited partners of GLG Partners Services LP.
Through these partnership interests and under the terms of services agreements between the
subsidiaries and the limited liability partnerships, these individuals are entitled to priority
draws and an additional discretionary share of the profits earned by the subsidiaries. These
partnership draws and profit share distributions are referred to as limited partner profit shares
and are discussed further under Expenses Employee Compensation and Benefits and Limited
Partner Profit Share below. Charges related to the limited partner profit share arrangement are
recognized as operating expenses as the related revenues are recognized and associated services
provided.
Equity-Based Compensation
Prior to December 31, 2006, GLG had not granted any equity-based awards. In March 2007, GLG
established the equity participation plan to provide certain key individuals, limited partnership
interests in two limited partnerships, Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, with the
right to receive a percentage of the proceeds derived from an initial public offering relating to
the Acquired Companies or a third-party sale of the Acquired Companies. Upon consummation of the
Acquisition, Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP received collectively 15% of the total
consideration of cash and our capital stock payable to the owners of the Acquired Companies in the
Acquisition. The equity participation plan is subdivided into an A Sub-Plan and a B Sub-Plan.
These limited partnerships distributed to A Sub-Plan limited partners an aggregate of 25% of such
amounts upon consummation of the Acquisition, and the remaining 75% are distributable to the
limited partners in three equal installments upon vesting over a three-year period on the first,
second and third anniversaries of the consummation of the Acquisition, subject to the ability of
the general partners of the limited partnerships, whose respective boards of directors consist of
the Trustees, to accelerate vesting. B Sub-Plan member entitlements vest in equal installments on
the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the consummation of the Acquisition subject to
the ability of the general partners of the limited partnerships, whose respective boards of
directors consist of the Trustees, to accelerate vesting. The unvested portion of such amounts will
be subject to forfeiture back to Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP (and not to us) in
the event of termination of the individual as a limited partner prior to each vesting date, unless
such termination is without cause after there has been a change in control of our company or due to
death or disability. To the extent awards granted under the equity participation plan are
forfeited, these amounts may be reallocated by Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP to
their then existing or future limited partners (i.e., participants in the plan) subject to vesting
over specified periods. Because forfeited awards are returned to the limited partnerships, and not
to us, the forfeited shares remain issued and outstanding and the cash and shares held by the
limited partnerships may be reallocated without further dilution to our shareholders. The equity
portion of this plan is being accounted for in accordance with the provisions of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), and the
EITF Issue No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for
26
Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services (EITF 96-18), which require that
such equity instruments are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date, which date is
typically upon the inception of
the services that will be performed, remeasured at subsequent dates to the extent the awards
are unvested, and amortized into expense over the vesting period on an accelerated basis.
Ten million shares of our common stock, which were part of the purchase price in respect of
the Acquisition, were reserved for allocation under the Restricted Stock Plan. Of these shares,
9,877,000 shares were allocated to our employees, service providers and certain key personnel in
November 2007. As of March 31, 2009, 2,041,250 shares of this reserve were unallocated following
forfeitures (net of new allocations) of 1,918,250 since the Acquisition. These awards are subject
to vesting, typically over four years, which may be accelerated. We also adopted the 2007 Long-Term
Incentive Plan, or the 2007 LTIP, which provides for the grants of incentive and non-qualified
stock options, stock appreciation rights, common stock, restricted stock, restricted stock units,
performance units and performance shares to employees, service providers, non-employee directors
and certain key personnel who hold direct or indirect limited partnership interests in certain GLG
entities. We are authorized to issue up to 40,000,000 shares under the 2007 LTIP. Shares of
restricted stock awarded under the Restricted Stock Plan and the 2007 LTIP are issued and
outstanding shares, except in the case of awards under these plans to personnel who are members of
the limited partner profit share arrangement in which case shares are issued and become outstanding
only as the awards vest. Unvested awards under the 2007 LTIP and Restricted Stock Plan which are
forfeited, to the extent shares are issued, are returned to us and cancelled. Our board of
directors has adopted, subject to shareholder approval, our 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan, or the
2009 LTIP. The 2009 LTIP replaces in its entirety our 2007 LTIP, which will be terminated other
than with respect to outstanding awards, and authorizes the delivery of a maximum of 40,000,000
shares, in addition to the approximately 3,400,000 authorized shares that currently remain
available for awards under the 2007 LTIP. In addition, to the extent that any outstanding awards
under our 2007 LTIP as of the date the 2009 LTIP is approved by the shareholders are canceled,
forfeited or otherwise lapse unexercised pursuant to the terms of that plan, the shares underlying
those awards shall be available for awards under the 2009 LTIP.
In addition, the Principals and the Trustees have entered into an agreement among principals
and trustees which will provide that, in the event a Principal voluntarily terminates his
employment with us for any reason prior to the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Acquisition,
a portion of the equity interests held by that Principal and his related Trustee as of the closing
of the Acquisition will be forfeited to the Principals who are still employed by us and their
related Trustees. The agreement provides for vesting of 17.5% on the consummation of the Acquisition, and
16.5% on each of the first through fifth anniversaries of the Acquisition.
All of these arrangements are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123(R) (or EITF 96-18 in
respect of awards to non-employees under the Restricted Stock Plan and 2007 LTIP) and will be
amortized into expense over the applicable vesting period using the accelerated method. As a
result, following the completion of the Acquisition, compensation and benefits reflect the
amortization of significant non-cash equity-based compensation expenses associated with the vesting
of these equity-based awards, which under GAAP acts to reduce our net income and may result in net
losses.
SFAS 123(R) requires a company to estimate the cost of share-based payment awards based on
estimated fair values. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is
recognized as expense over the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, we
will make an evaluation at the grant date and future periods as to the likelihood of the
performance targets being met. Compensation expense is adjusted in future periods for subsequent
changes in the expected outcome of the performance conditions until the vesting date. SFAS 123(R)
requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent
periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
At the initial grant date of our equity awards on November 2, 2007, management made the
following assumptions with respect to forfeiture rates:
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The size of the awards to employees, service providers and key personnel under the
equity participation plan and 2007 LTIP was considered to be a substantial retention
incentive; |
27
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Incentives for the awards to employees, service providers and key personnel under the
equity participation plan and 2007 LTIP were considered sufficiently large that a zero
percent forfeiture rate was estimated, subject to review as actual forfeitures occur; |
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Disincentives for forfeiture related to the agreement among principals and trustees
were considered to be so punitive that the probability of forfeiture was estimated as
zero; and |
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For awards under the Restricted Stock Plan, we used different forfeiture rates for
individual employees, service providers and key personnel. |
Over the course of 2008, we revised our forfeiture assumptions with respect to forfeitures
among our stock awards under the Restricted Stock Plan, equity participation plan and 2007 LTIP to
an assumed rate of 10% per annum. The forfeiture assumption for the agreement among the principals
and trustees remains at zero. In the third quarter of 2008, we also changed our forfeiture
assumption with respect to forfeitures of the cash component of the equity participation plan to
align with the equity component to an assumed rate of 10% per annum.
Income Tax
We earn profits through a number of subsidiaries located in a number of different
jurisdictions, each of which has its own tax system.
Prior to the Acquisition, the only GLG entity earning significant profits subject to
company-level income taxes was GLG Holdings Limited, which was subject to U.K. corporate income
tax. Most of the balance of the profit was earned by pass-through or other entities that did not
incur significant company-level income taxes.
Following the Acquisition in addition to a portion of our income being subject to U.K.
taxation, U.S. taxation will be imposed on our profits earned within the United States as well as
on our profits earned outside the United States that are repatriated back to the United States in
the form of dividends or that are classified as Subpart F income for U.S. income tax purposes
(e.g., dividends and interest). We expect to repatriate some of our profits in this manner and
experience U.S. taxation on those repatriated profits. In connection with the Acquisition, we
recognized for U.S. income tax purposes the value of goodwill and certain other intangibles which
we are amortizing and deducting for U.S. income tax purposes over a 15-year period. This
amortization deduction is taken into account in determining how much of the repatriated profits and
Subpart F income is subject to U.S. taxation. Depending on the amount of profits earned outside the
United States, including the amount of Subpart F income, and the amount of profits repatriated,
this tax amortization deduction will effectively reduce U.S. tax expense on repatriated profits and
Subpart F income. Allocation of income among business activities and entities is subject to
detailed and complex rules applied to facts and circumstances that generally are not readily
determinable at the date financial statements are prepared. Accordingly, estimates are made of
income allocations in computing financial statement effective tax rates that may differ from actual
allocations determined when tax returns are prepared or after examination by tax authorities.
We account for taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the
future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying
amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is
established when we believe it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be
realized.
Net Revenues
All fee revenues are presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q net of any applicable
rebates or sub-administration fees.
Where a single-manager alternative strategy fund or internal FoHF managed by us invests in an
underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by us, the investing fund is the
top-level GLG Fund into which
28
a client invests and the investee fund is the underlying GLG Fund
into which the investing fund invests. For
example, if the GLG European Long-Short Fund invests in the GLG Utilities Fund, the
GLG European Long-Short Fund is the investing fund and the GLG Utilities Fund is the investee fund.
Management Fees
Our
gross management fee rates to GLG Funds are set as a percentage of fund AUM. Management fee rates vary
depending on the product, as set forth in the table below (subject to fee treatment of fund-in-fund
reinvestments as described below):
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Product |
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General Range of Gross Fee Rates (% of AUM) As of March 31, 2009 |
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Single-manager alternative strategy funds*
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1.50% 2.50%** |
Long-only funds
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0.75% 2.25% |
Internal FoHF
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0.25% 1.50%** (at the investing fund level) |
External FoHF
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1.00% 1.95% |
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* |
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Excludes the GLG European Long-Short (Special Assets) Fund, the GLG Emerging Markets
(Special Assets) II Fund and the GLG North American Opportunity (Special Assets) Fund
established during November 2008 into which certain private placements and other not
readily realizable investments were contributed by the GLG European Long-Short Fund, the
GLG Emerging Markets Fund and the GLG North American Opportunity Fund, respectively, for
the purpose of liquidating them, where the management fee is 0.50%. |
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** |
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When one of the single-manager alternative strategy funds or internal FoHFs managed by
us invests in an underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by us,
management fees are charged at the investee fund level, except in the case of the GLG
Multi-Strategy Fund where fees are charged at both the investee and investing fund levels. |
Management fees are generally paid monthly, one month in arrears. Most GLG Funds managed by
us have share classes with distribution fees that are paid to third-party institutional
distributors with no net economic impact to us. In certain cases, we may rebate a portion of our
gross management fees in order to compensate third-party institutional distributors for marketing
our products and, in a limited number of historical cases, in order to incentivize clients to
invest in funds managed by us.
Due to the changing mix of our AUM related to the impact of redemptions from higher yielding
alternative strategy funds during the quarter ended March 31, 2009 as well as: (i) the inflow in
October 2008 of a material institutional managed account which earns a wholesale management fee,
(ii) the SGAM UK sub-advisory agreement initiated in December 2008 (which subsequently terminated
on April 3, 2009 upon completion of the SGAM UK acquisition), (iii) the addition of SGAM UKs
total long-only assets post-acquisition, and (iv) the side-pocketing of certain private placement
and other not readily realizable investments in some of the GLG Funds that we manage into special
asset vehicles (management fees on special asset vehicles are generally charged at a rate
significantly below those of the original fund), we expect that our combined management fee yield
will trend toward lower levels. The ultimate management fee yield is dependent on specific
inflows, outflows and other related factors.
29
Performance Fees
Our gross performance fee rates to GLG Funds are set as a percentage of fund performance, calculated as
investment gains (both realized and unrealized), less management and administration fees, subject
to high water marks and, in the case of most long-only funds, five external FoHFs and three
single-manager alternative strategy funds, to performance hurdles. As a result, even when a GLG
Fund has positive fund performance, we may not earn a performance fee due to negative fund
performance in prior measurement periods and in some cases due to a failure to reach a hurdle rate.
High water marks and performance hurdles, however, are determined on a fund by fund and investor by investor basis and
performance fees are not netted across funds, other than in the case of the special assets funds
related to the GLG Emerging Markets Fund, the GLG European Long-Short Fund and the GLG North
American Opportunity Fund. The special assets funds do not earn a performance fee until an
investors high water mark across both the special assets fund and its original fund is exceeded.
Accordingly, any funds above high water marks and applicable performance hurdles at the end of the
relevant measurement period will contribute to performance fee revenue. As of March 31, 2009, all
of our long-only funds and more than half of our single-manager alternative strategy funds subject
to high water marks were below their respective high water marks. Accordingly, even if our funds
that are below high water marks have positive performance in subsequent performance periods, our
ability to earn performance fees during those periods will be adversely impacted due to the number
of funds subject to high water marks and the amounts to be recovered.
Performance fee rates vary depending on the product, as set forth in the table below (subject
to fee treatment of fund-in-fund investments as described below):
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Product |
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General Range of Gross Fee Rates (% of Investment Gains) As of March 31, 2009 |
Single-manager alternative strategy funds
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20% 30%* |
Long-only funds
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20% (may be subject to performance hurdle) |
Internal FoHF
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0% 20%* (at the investing fund level) |
External FoHF
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5% 10% (may be subject to performance hurdle) |
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* |
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When one of the single-manager alternative strategy funds or internal FoHFs managed by
us invests in an underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by us,
performance fees are charged at the investee fund level. In addition, performance fees are
charged at both the investee and investing fund levels on the GLG Global Aggressive Fund,
to the extent, if any, that the performance fee charged at the investing fund level is
greater than the performance fee charged at the investee fund level. |
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** |
|
We have adopted Method 1 for recognizing performance fee
revenues and under Method 1 we do
not recognize performance fee revenues until the end of the measurement period when the
amounts are crystallized, which for the majority of the investment funds and accounts
managed by us is on June 30 and December 31. |
Due to the impact of foreign currency exposures on management and performance fees, we have
elected to utilize cash flow hedge accounting to hedge a portion of our anticipated foreign
currency denominated revenue. The effective portion of the hedge is recorded as a component of
other comprehensive income and is released into management or performance fee income, respectively,
when the hedged revenues impact the income statement. The ineffective portion of the hedge is
recorded each period as derivative gain or loss in other income or other expense, respectively. See
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Exchange Rate Risk in Part I, Item
3 of this Quarterly Report for a further discussion of our foreign exchange and hedging activities.
Administration Fees
Our gross administration fee rates to GLG Funds are set as a percentage of the fund AUM. Administration fee
rates vary depending on the product. From our gross administration fees, we pay sub-administration
fees to third-party
30
administrators and custodians, with the residual fees recognized as our net administration
fee. Administration fees are generally paid monthly, one month in arrears.
When one of the single-manager alternative strategy funds or internal FoHFs managed by us
invests in an underlying single-manager alternative strategy fund managed by us, administration
fees are charged at both the investing and investee fund levels.
Fees on Managed Accounts
Managed account fee structures are negotiated on an account-by-account basis and may be more
complex than for the GLG Funds. Across the managed account portfolio, fee rates vary according to
the underlying mandate and, excluding one material managed account, in the aggregate are generally
within the performance and management fee ranges charged with respect to comparable fund products.
In October 2008, a new material managed account funded which provides for a management fee at
institutional rates and a performance fee based on exceeding certain benchmarks even in a scenario
with negative performance. We signed a sub-advisory agreement with SGAM UK in December 2008 which
earned a management fee at an institutional rate. This agreement terminated on April 3, 2009 upon
completion of the acquisition of SGAM UK.
Expenses
Employee Compensation and Benefits and Limited Partner Profit Share
To attract, retain and motivate the highest quality investment and other professionals, we
provide significant remuneration through salary, discretionary bonuses, profit sharing and other
benefits. We have built an experienced and highly-regarded investment management team of 110
investment professionals.
The largest component of expenses is limited partner profit share and employee compensation
and other benefits payable to our investment and other professionals. This includes significant
fixed annual salary, limited partner profit share and other compensation based on individual, team
and company performance and profitability.
Beginning in mid-2006, GLG entered into partnership with a number of our key personnel in
recognition of their importance in creating and maintaining the long-term value of our business.
These individuals ceased to be employees and either became holders of direct or indirect limited
partnership interests in one of two of our subsidiaries, GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services
LP, or formed two limited liability partnerships, Laurel Heights LLP and Lavender Heights Capital
LLP (the LLPs), through which they provided services to the GLG entities. Through these
partnership interests, these key individuals are entitled to partnership draws as priority
distributions, which are recognized in the period in which they are payable. There is an additional
limited partner profit share distribution, which is recognized in the period in which the related
revenues are recognized and associated services provided. This additional distribution represents a
substantial majority of the limited partner profit share for the year and is typically paid at the
beginning of the following year. Key personnel that are participants in the limited partner profit
share arrangement do not receive any salaries or discretionary bonuses from us, except for the
salary paid by GLG Partners, Inc. to our Chief Operating Officer.
Under GAAP, limited partner profit share is treated as an operating expense in the period the
limited partner provides services.
Following the Acquisition, and as required by SFAS 123(R), our GAAP employee compensation
expense reflects share-based and other compensation recognized in respect of (a) the equity
participation plan, the 10,000,000 shares allocated for the benefit of employees, service providers
and certain key personnel under the Restricted Stock Plan, and the agreement among the principals
and trustees (collectively, the Acquisition-related compensation expense) and (b) dividends paid
on unvested shares that are ultimately not expected to vest.
Under GAAP, there is a charge to compensation expense for Acquisition-related compensation
expense based on certain service conditions. However, management believes that this charge does not
reflect our ongoing core
31
business operations and compensation expense and excludes such amounts for
purposes of assessing our ongoing core
business performance. In the case of the Acquisition-related compensation expense
associated with Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, because (1) awards forfeited by
participants in the equity participation plan who terminated their service with us and who are no
longer limited partners are returned to Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, and not us,
(2) the cash and stock held by the limited partnerships may be reallocated to then existing or
future participants in the plan without further dilution to our shareholders, (3) the amount of
consideration received by the entities in the Acquisition was awarded prior to the Acquisition
based on the contributions of the participants in the equity participation plan prior to the
Acquisition and (4) the amount reduced the number of shares which would otherwise have been paid to
the former GLG Shareowners in the Acquisition, management measures ongoing business performance by
excluding these amounts. In the case of the Acquisition-related compensation expense associated
with the Restricted Stock Plan, because the amount allocated to the Restricted Stock Plan was
designed to recognize employees, service providers and key personnel for their contribution to GLG
prior to the Acquisition and because the shares allocated to the Restricted Stock Plan reduced the
number of shares which would otherwise have been paid to the former GLG Shareowners in the
Acquisition, management measures ongoing business performance by excluding these amounts. In the
case of the Acquisition-related compensation expense associated with the agreement among principals
and trustees, because, notwithstanding the service requirement in SFAS 123(R), neither the vesting
nor forfeiture provisions of that agreement would be accretive or dilutive to our present or future
shareholders, management measures ongoing business performance by excluding these amounts.
As a result of our view on the Acquisition-related compensation expense, we present the
measure non-GAAP CBP, which is a non-GAAP financial measure used to calculate adjusted net income,
as described below under Assessing Business Performance, and which deducts Acquisition-related
compensation expense from GAAP compensation, benefits and profit share expense, to show the total
ongoing cost of the services provided to us by both participants in the limited partner profit
share arrangement and employees in relation to services rendered during the periods under
consideration.
The components of compensation, benefits and profit share are:
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Base compensation contractual compensation paid to employees in the form of base
salary, which is expensed as incurred. |
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|
Variable compensation payments that arise from the contractual entitlements of
personnel to a fixed percentage of certain variable fee revenues attributable to such
personnel with respect to GLG Funds and managed accounts. Variable compensation expense is
recognized at the same time as the underlying fee revenue is crystallized, which may be
monthly or semi-annually (on June 30 and December 31), depending on the fee revenue
source. |
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|
Discretionary compensation payments that are determined by our management in its
sole discretion and are generally linked to performance. In determining such payments, our
management considers, among other factors, the ratio of total discretionary compensation
to total revenues; however, this ratio may vary between periods and, in particular,
significant discretionary bonuses may still be paid in a period of low performance for
retention and incentivization purposes. This discretionary compensation is paid to
employees in the form of a discretionary cash bonus or share-based compensation.
Discretionary compensation is generally declared and paid following the end of each
calendar year. However, the estimated discretionary compensation charge is adjusted
monthly based on the year-to-date profitability and revenues recognized on a year-to-date
basis. As the majority of the GLG Funds crystallize their performance fees at June 30 and
December 31, the majority of discretionary compensation expense crystallizes at year end
and is typically paid in January and February following the year end. |
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Limited partner profit share distributions of limited partner profit share under the
limited partner profit share arrangement described below. |
32
The key personnel who are participants in the limited partner profit share arrangement,
provide services to us through two limited liability partnerships, Laurel Heights LLP and Lavender
Heights LLP, which are limited partners in GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services LP,
respectively. The amount of profits (or limited partner
profit share) attributable to each of the LLPs is determined at our discretion based upon the
profitability of our business and our view of the contribution to revenues and profitability from
the services provided by each limited partnership during that period. These profit shares are
recorded as operating expense matching the period in which the related revenues are recognized and
associated services provided. A portion of the partnership distribution is advanced monthly as a
draw against final determination of profit share. Once the final profit allocation is determined
following each year end, it will typically be paid in January and February to the LLPs, as limited
partners, less any amounts paid as advance drawings during the year. See Allocation of Profit
Shares to Individual Members of LLPs below for a further discussion of the allocations. In
addition, as shares of restricted stock awarded under our Restricted Stock Plan or 2007 LTIP to
members of the LLPs vest or as we pay cash dividends on the unvested shares of restricted stock
awarded under these plans to members of the LLPs, we allocate additional profits to the LLPs
sufficient for the LLP to acquire from us the shares that are vesting or to pay the relevant
dividend. These additional profit shares are recorded as operating expense in accordance with SFAS
123(R). Other limited partners of GLG Partners Services LP who receive profit allocations include
investment professionals who are not members of Lavender Heights LLP, but whose profit
distributions from GLG Partners Services LP are determined in the same manner as the allocation of
profit shares to individual members of the LLP described below and included in the limited partner
profit measure, as described below.
Allocation of Profit Shares to Individual Members of LLPs
Profit allocations made to the LLPs by GLG Partners LP and GLG Partners Services LP make up
substantially all of the LLPs net profits for each period. Members are entitled to a base limited
partner profit share priority drawing, which is a fixed amount and paid as a priority partnership
draw. Certain members are also entitled to a variable limited partner profit share priority drawing
based on a fixed percentage of certain variable fee revenues attributable to such personnel with
respect to GLG Funds and managed accounts, which are paid as a partnership draw. After year end,
the managing members of the LLPs will declare discretionary allocations to the key personnel who
participate in the limited partner profit share arrangement and who are LLP members from the
remaining balance of the LLPs net profits, after taking into account the base and variable limited
partnership profit share priority drawings, based on their view of those individuals contribution
to the generation of these profits. This process will typically take into account the nature of the
services provided to us by each key personnel, his or her seniority and the performance of the
individual during the period. These profit shares are recorded as operating expenses matching the
period in which the related revenues are recognized and associated services provided. Profit
allocations, net of any amounts paid during the year as priority partnership drawings, will
typically be paid to the members in January and February following each year end.
As our investment performance improves, our compensation costs and performance-related limited
partner profit share distributions are expected generally to rise correspondingly. In addition,
equity-based compensation costs may vary significantly from period to period depending on the
market price of our common stock, among other things. In order to retain our investment
professionals during periods of poor performance, we may have to pay our investment professionals
significant amounts, even if we earn low or no performance fees. In these circumstances these
payments may represent a larger proportion of our revenues than historically.
Acquisition-Related Compensation Expense
Following the Acquisition, and as required by SFAS 123(R), our GAAP compensation, benefits and
profit share expense reflects share-based and other compensation recognized with respect to (a) the
15% of the total consideration of cash and capital stock received collectively by Sage Summit LP
and Lavender Heights Capital LP in connection with the Acquisition (including with respect to the
cash portion of the awards under the equity participation plan in the aggregate amounts of $91
million, $47 million, and $5 million for the three 12-month periods beginning with the consummation
of the Acquisition), the 10,000,000 shares allocated for the benefit of employees, service
providers and certain key personnel under the Restricted Stock Plan, and the agreement among the
principals and trustees and (b) dividends paid on unvested shares that are ultimately not expected
to vest.
33
Under GAAP, there is a charge to compensation expense for Acquisition-related compensation
expense based on certain service conditions. However, management believes that this charge does not
reflect our ongoing core business operations and compensation expense and excludes such amounts for
purposes of assessing our ongoing
core business performance. In the case of the Acquisition-related compensation expense
associated with Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, because awards forfeited by
participants in the equity participation plan who are no longer limited partners are returned to
Sage Summit LP and Lavender Heights Capital LP, and not us, and the cash and stock held by the
limited partnerships may be reallocated to then existing or future participants in the plan without
further dilution to our shareholders and because the amount of consideration received by the
entities in the Acquisition was awarded based on the contributions of the participants in the
equity participation plan prior to the Acquisition and the amount reduced the number of shares
which would otherwise have been paid to the GLG Shareowners in the Acquisition, management measures
ongoing business performance by excluding these amounts. In the case of the Acquisition-related
compensation expense associated with the Restricted Stock Plan, because the amount allocated to the
Restricted Stock Plan was designed to recognize employees, service providers and key personnel for
their contribution to GLG prior to the Acquisition and because the shares allocated to the
Restricted Stock Plan reduced the number of shares which would otherwise have been paid to the GLG
Shareowners in the Acquisition, management measures ongoing business performance by excluding these
amounts. In the case of the Acquisition-related compensation expense associated with the agreement
among principals and trustees, because, notwithstanding the service requirement in SFAS 123(R),
neither the vesting nor forfeiture provisions of that agreement would be accretive or dilutive to
our present or future shareholders, management measures ongoing business performance by excluding
these amounts.
As a result of our view on the Acquisition-related compensation expense, we present the
measure non-GAAP CBP, which is a non-GAAP financial measure used to calculate adjusted net income,
as described below under Assessing Business Performance, and which deducts Acquisition-related
compensation expense from GAAP compensation, benefits and profit share expense, to show the total
ongoing cost of the services provided to us by both participants in the limited partner profit
share arrangement and employees in relation to services rendered during the periods under
consideration.
General and Administrative
Our non-personnel cost base represents the expenditure required to provide an effective
investment infrastructure and marketing operation. Key elements of the cost base are, among other
things, professional services fees, temporary and contract employees, travel, information
technology and communications, business development, marketing, occupancy, facilities and
insurance.
Assessing Business Performance
As discussed above under Expenses Compensation, Benefits and Limited Partner Profit
Share, we assess our personnel-related expenses based on the measure non-GAAP CBP. Non-GAAP CBP
reflects GAAP compensation, benefits and profit share expense, adjusted to exclude the
Acquisition-related compensation expense described above under Expenses Compensation,
Benefits and Limited Partner Profit Share and Expenses Acquisition-Related Compensation
Expense.
In addition, we assess the underlying performance of our business based on the measure
adjusted net income, which adjusts GAAP net (loss)/income before non-controlling interest for
Acquisition-related compensation expense and deducts the tax effect of Acquisition-related
compensation expense and cumulative dividends accrued for the holders of FA Sub 2 Limited
Exchangeable Shares. See Results of Operations Adjusted Net Income for this reconciliation
for the periods presented.
Non-GAAP CBP is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered
as an alternative to GAAP compensation, benefits and profit share expense. Further, adjusted net
income is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an
alternative to GAAP net income as an indicator of our operating performance or any other measures
of performance derived in accordance with GAAP.
34
The non-GAAP financial measures we present may be
different from non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
We are providing these non-GAAP financial measures to enable investors, securities analysts
and other interested parties to perform additional financial analysis of our personnel-related
costs and our earnings from
operations and because we believe that they will be helpful to investors in understanding all
components of the personnel-related costs of our business. We believe that the non-GAAP financial
measures also enhance comparisons of our core results of operations with historical periods. In
particular, we believe that the non-GAAP adjusted net income measure better represents economic
income than does GAAP net income primarily because of the adjustment described above. In addition,
we use these non-GAAP financial measures in our evaluation of our core results of operations and
trends between fiscal periods and believe these measures are an important component of our internal
performance measurement process. We also prepare forecasts for future periods on a basis consistent
with these non-GAAP financial measures.
Under our revolving credit and term loan facilities, we are required to maintain compliance
with certain financial covenants based on adjusted earnings before interest expense, provision for
income taxes, depreciation and amortization, or adjusted EBITDA, which is calculated based on the
non-GAAP adjusted net income measure, further adjusted to add back interest expense, provision for
income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Non- GAAP adjusted net income has certain limitations
in that it may overcompensate for certain costs and expenditures related to our business.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 states that accounting
and reporting for minority interests will be recharacterized as non-controlling interests and
classified as a component of equity. SFAS 160 applies to all entities that prepare consolidated
financial statements, except not-for-profit organizations, but will affect only those entities that
have an outstanding non-controlling interest in one or more subsidiaries or that deconsolidate a
subsidiary. SFAS 160 is effective prospectively, except for certain presentation disclosure
requirements, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. As described above, the primary
impact of the statement was the reclassification of minority interests from liabilities to
stockholders equity and their re-labeling as non-controlling interests. In addition, under ARB
No. 51, non-controlling interests only shared in losses to the extent that they had available
equity to absorb losses. Under SFAS 160 the non-controlling interests prospectively fully share in
losses as well as profits, even if there is no contractual obligation to fund losses.
Assets Under Management
Throughout the first quarter of 2009 and continuing into the second quarter of 2009, the rate
of gross outflows from our single manager alternative strategy funds as well as from our long-only
strategies has slowed as compared to the third and fourth quarter 2008. Gross subscriptions into
managed accounts during the first quarter of 2008 has partly offset the redemptions from our other
products. As a result of the closing of the SGAM UK acquisition, our long-only fund AUM has
increased by approximately $6.8 billion as of April 3, 2009. Included in that AUM is the impact of
the termination of the sub-advisory agreement entered into in December 2008 with SGAM UK. The AUM
related to the sub-advisory agreement with SGAM UK, which terminated upon completion of the
acquisition, was reclassified from managed accounts to long-only funds as of April 3, 2009. These
trends to date may not necessarily be indicative of final reported changes in AUM for the full
second quarter of 2009, which will depend on the additional inflows and outflows of AUM we
experience during the remainder of the period.
35
March 31, 2009 Compared to December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2008
Change in AUM between March 31, 2009, December 31, 2008 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in millions)
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of Mar |
|
|
As of Dec |
|
|
3 Month |
|
|
As of Mar |
|
|
12 Month |
|
|
|
31, 2009 |
|
|
31, 2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
31, 2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Alternative strategy |
|
$ |
5,709 |
|
|
$ |
6,590 |
|
|
|
($881 |
) |
|
$ |
19,267 |
|
|
|
($13,558 |
) |
Long-only |
|
|
1,447 |
|
|
|
1,766 |
|
|
|
(319 |
) |
|
|
4,254 |
|
|
|
(2,807 |
) |
Internal FoHF |
|
|
1,050 |
|
|
|
1,133 |
|
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
2,233 |
|
|
|
(1,183 |
) |
External FoHF |
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
506 |
|
|
|
(79 |
) |
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
(224 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross fund-based AUM |
|
|
8,633 |
|
|
|
9,995 |
|
|
|
(1,362 |
) |
|
|
26,404 |
|
|
|
(17,771 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managed accounts |
|
|
6,352 |
|
|
|
6,119 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
2,385 |
|
|
|
3,967 |
|
Cash and other holdings |
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
430 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross AUM |
|
|
15,419 |
|
|
|
16,544 |
|
|
|
(1,125 |
) |
|
|
29,136 |
|
|
|
(13,717 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: alternative strategy
investments in GLG Funds |
|
|
(466 |
) |
|
|
(473 |
) |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(2,221 |
) |
|
|
1,755 |
|
Less: internal FoHF
investments in GLG Funds |
|
|
(896 |
) |
|
|
(998 |
) |
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
(2,217 |
) |
|
|
1,321 |
|
Less: external FoHF
investments in GLG Funds |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
25 |
|
Less: other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net AUM |
|
$ |
14,031 |
|
|
$ |
15,039 |
|
|
|
($1,008 |
) |
|
$ |
24,646 |
|
|
|
($10,616 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly average gross AUM |
|
$ |
15,982 |
|
|
$ |
18,848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
29,111 |
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly average net AUM |
|
|
14,535 |
|
|
|
16,160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,629 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opening net AUM |
|
$ |
15,039 |
|
|
$ |
17,280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
24,612 |
|
|
|
|
|
Inflows |
|
|
2,175 |
|
|
|
5,970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,763 |
|
|
|
|
|
Outflows |
|
|
(2,125 |
) |
|
|
(5,199 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,996 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inflows (net of redemptions) |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
|
|
Performance (gains net of
losses and fees) |
|
|
(807 |
) |
|
|
(2,649 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,549 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Currency translation impact
(non-USD AUM expressed in USD) |
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
(363 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing net AUM |
|
$ |
14,031 |
|
|
$ |
15,039 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
24,646 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During the three months ended March 31, 2009, our net AUM decreased by 6.7% to $14.0 billion
and our gross AUM decreased by 6.8% to $15.4 billion. The decline in AUM was attributable to the
following:
|
|
|
Negative fund and managed account performance during the three months ended March
31, 2009, resulting in performance losses (net of gains) of approximately $807 million; |
|
|
|
|
Inflows (net of redemptions) of $50 million in AUM for the three months ended March
31, 2009, were driven by: |
|
|
|
|
Net inflows of $1.0 billion into our managed accounts which was driven by
approximately $2.0 billion in subscriptions offset by $1.0 billion in redemptions; |
36
|
|
|
Net outflows from our alternative strategy funds of approximately $642 million,
which was composed of redemptions of $719 million offset by subscriptions of $77
million during the three months ended March 31, 2009; |
|
|
|
|
Net outflows of $155 million from our internal and external fund of hedge fund
products which were almost entirely comprised of redemptions; and |
|
|
|
|
Net outflows from our long-only strategy funds of approximately $172 million
which was comprised of redemptions of $235 million offset by subscriptions of $63
million spread across various long-only strategy funds; and |
|
|
|
|
Continued strengthening of the U.S. dollar against other currencies in which a
portion of our funds and managed accounts are denominated, resulting in a negative
foreign exchange impact on AUM of $251 million during the three months ended March 31,
2009. |
The ratio between net and gross AUM increased slightly during 2008 and stayed relatively
constant during the first quarter of 2009, reflecting generally smaller relative levels of
fund-in-fund investments, with respect to investments by our FoHF products in certain funds managed
by us and investments by certain single-manager alternative strategy funds managed by us in other single-manager alternative strategy funds managed by us.
As noted above, the acquisition of SGAM UK was completed on April 3, 2009. If the transaction
had closed on March 31, 2009, gross AUM would have been as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
Pro-Forma |
|
|
2009 |
|
SGAM UK |
|
Post Acquisition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alternative strategy |
|
$ |
5,709 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
5,709 |
|
Long-only |
|
|
1,447 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,447 |
|
Internal FoHF |
|
|
1,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,050 |
|
External FoHF |
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
427 |
|
Acquired UK Funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,754 |
|
|
|
6,754 |
|
Gross fund-based AUM |
|
|
8,633 |
|
|
|
6,754 |
|
|
|
15,387 |
|
Managed accounts |
|
|
6,352 |
|
|
|
(2,760) |
* |
|
|
3,592 |
|
Cash and other holdings |
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
434 |
|
Gross AUM |
|
$ |
15,419 |
|
|
$ |
3,994 |
|
|
$ |
19,413 |
|
|
|
|
* |
|
The AUM related to the SGAM UK sub-advisory agreement is reflected as a managed account
as of March 31, 2009. Following completion of the SGAM UK acquisition, the sub-advisory
agreement terminated and the entire balance of SGAM UKs AUM is reflected in the line item
Acquired UK Funds. |
As of March 31, 2009, approximately $1.7 billion of AUM were in GLG Funds for which the
related fund boards of directors had suspended redemptions. The funds included: The GLG MMI
Enhanced II Fund, GLG Global Utilities Fund, GLG Credit Fund, GLG MMI Enhanced Fund, GLG
Multi-Strategy Fund, GLG Market Neutral Fund and GLG Event Driven Fund. We continue to receive
full management and administration fees related to these funds.
In addition, as of March 31, 2009, we managed special assets funds which are principally
comprised of private placement and other not readily realizable investments that have been
transferred from other GLG funds totaling approximately $1.1 billion. These special assets funds
included GLG Emerging Markets (Special Assets) Fund, GLG Emerging Markets (Special Assets) II Fund,
GLG European Long-Short (Special Assets) Fund, GLG North American Opportunity (Special Assets) Fund
and GLG Global Opportunity (Special Assets) Fund. The purpose of the special assets funds is to
permit the orderly sale of these investments. As investments held by the special assets funds are
sold, proceeds will be used to redeem investors from those funds. Other than GLG Emerging Markets
37
(Special Assets) Fund, which has a management fee of 2.0%, all of the above funds have reduced
management fees of 0.50%.
On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (the ultimate parent company of the UK
Lehman Brothers firms) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States and Lehman Brothers
International (Europe) (LBIE), the principal European broker-dealer for the Lehman Brothers
group, was placed into administration by order of the English court. Lehman Brothers prime
brokerage unit in the United Kingdom was one of the business groups forming part of LBIE. Other
Lehman Brothers entities have also filed for or commenced insolvency-related proceedings, including
Lehman Brothers Inc. (LBI), Lehman Brothers U.S. broker-dealer.
Nearly all of the GLG Funds and several of the GLG institutional managed accounts at that time
utilized LBIE as a prime broker. All of the GLG Funds and managed accounts at that time had LBIE,
and a small number of GLG Funds and managed accounts had LBI, as a trading counterparty. In
addition, all of GLGs private client managed accounts at that time used LBIE, and a small number
of GLGs private clients additionally used LBI, as a custodian and broker for their accounts.
As a consequence of LBIE being in administration, the GLG Funds and, to the best of our
knowledge, the managed accounts which used LBIE as a prime broker, have been unable to access their
assets, including all securities and cash, deposited with LBIE. In addition, the appointment of the
joint administrators in respect of LBIE triggered defaults under certain agreements between each
GLG Fund and LBIE, including certain trading agreements, resulting in either (i) automatic
termination of these agreements or (ii) the entitlement of the relevant GLG Fund to terminate the
relevant agreement. The GLG Funds have in general elected to terminate their agreements with LBIE
to quantify amounts owing to and from LBIE under trading agreements, reduce market risks, reduce
exposure to a net amount, limit LBIEs rights and/or crystallize rights and obligations between the
parties with a view to allowing LBIE to release assets, among other factors.
The net direct exposure of each GLG Fund to LBIE and the other entities in the Lehman Brothers
group is reflected in the net asset value of each fund and carried at fair value. The fair value
of the exposure is determined on the basis of the best information available to us from time to
time, legal and professional advice obtained for the purpose of determining the rights and
obligations of each GLG Fund, and on the basis of a number of assumptions which we believe to be
reasonable, including that:
|
|
|
amounts which LBIE was required to treat as client money under the rules of the U.K.
Financial Services Authority and not use in the course of its business were and are, in
fact, so held, and that any shortfall in recoveries of client monies will not exceed
reserves established to date by the GLG Funds; |
|
|
|
|
even though LBIE or its affiliates may be entitled to withhold assets to satisfy any
net indebtedness owed to them, there will be no material shortfall in the recovery of
assets held on trust by LBIE as a custodian, or by LBI as a sub-custodian for LBIE, or by
any other sub-custodian appointed by LBIE with regard to the assets of a GLG Fund; |
|
|
|
|
the information we have received to date from the administrators of LBIE in relation to
the re-hypothecation of GLG Fund assets by LBIE is true and accurate; |
|
|
|
|
unsettled transactions between GLG Funds and LBIE at the time LBIE entered into
administration proceedings will be determined on the basis of a cash settlement of those
trades, in accordance with contractual agreements between the affected GLG Fund and LBIE,
or cancelled, in each case, as determined by us; |
|
|
|
|
the cash settlement amounts for terminated over-the-counter derivatives and other
transactions will be as determined by us in accordance with contractual documentation; |
|
|
|
|
the recovery on amounts estimated to be unsecured claims against LBIE will not be
materially greater or lesser than currently estimated by the GLG Funds; and |
38
|
|
|
there are no other facts or factors, which if known to us, would lead us to conclude
that the business of LBIE was conducted otherwise than in accordance with the contractual
documentation or that any of our assumptions is incorrect. |
The fair value of the exposure is reviewed regularly, including the assumptions, with the
relevant GLG Funds directors, independent administrator and independent auditors, and updated as
necessary.
It has not been possible, thus far, to obtain any meaningful visibility or transparency from
Lehman Brothers or the PricewaterhouseCoopers administrators appointed in respect of LBIE in
relation to the actual location and status of custody assets. It is not possible to say with
certainty if or when these assets will be returned to the GLG Funds, whether the above assumptions
will be validated, or whether the size of the GLG Funds apparent entitlement should be adjusted
upwards or downwards. It is possible that, in respect of some or all of the long positions, the GLG
Funds will not receive the return of assets from Lehman Brothers and may instead be exposed as a
general creditor of one or more of the insolvent Lehman Brothers entities. Accordingly, until we
are able to fully reconcile our information and assumptions with the administrators of LBIE and/or
resolve any outstanding commercial and legal disagreement or uncertainties with LBIE, these
estimates could change or the assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and the estimated exposure of
the GLG Funds could be materially greater or lesser.
We are unable to estimate the exposure our institutional managed accounts have to LBIE as a
prime broker because the clients in these cases maintain the relationships with their third party
service providers, such as prime brokers, custodians and administrators, nor do we have access to
the terms of their agreements with LBIE or know the extent of exposure these clients may have to
LBIE outside of our managed account.
As a consequence of the administration of LBIE and the liquidation proceedings under the
Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, as amended, of LBI, our private clients have been
unable to access their assets, including all securities and cash, in their respective accounts with
LBIE or LBI managed by us. To the extent our private clients assets constitute securities held in
custody by LBIE or LBI, we believe the clients should recover these securities to the extent these
securities do not collateralize amounts owing by our clients to LBIE or LBI. To the extent our
private clients assets constitute cash held by LBIE as client money, we believe the clients should
recover in the same proportion as all LBIE clients recover client money, with any shortfall
possibly (but we cannot say with certainty) resulting in an unsecured claim against the LBIE
estate. To the extent private clients are owed amounts under trading contracts with LBIE or LBI, we
believe such amounts will constitute unsecured claims against LBIE or LBI, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the position of any individual private client will depend on the
facts and circumstances surrounding such private clients claims, as well as their particular legal
rights and obligations pursuant to their agreements with LBIE or LBI.
39
Results of Operations
Condensed Consolidated GAAP Statement of Operations Information
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
Net revenues and other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fees, net |
|
$ |
34,427 |
|
|
$ |
98,756 |
|
Performance fees, net |
|
|
10,817 |
|
|
|
4,735 |
|
Administration fees, net |
|
|
5,473 |
|
|
|
22,248 |
|
Other |
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
5,641 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues and other income |
|
$ |
51,714 |
|
|
$ |
131,380 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee compensation and benefits |
|
$ |
(138,014 |
) |
|
$ |
(287,935 |
) |
Limited partner profit share |
|
|
(8,643 |
) |
|
|
(25,104 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation, benefits and profit share |
|
|
(146,657 |
) |
|
|
(313,039 |
) |
General, administrative and other |
|
|
(22,317 |
) |
|
|
(30,303 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses |
|
|
(168,974 |
) |
|
|
(343,342 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations |
|
|
(117,260 |
) |
|
|
(211,962 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized loss on available-for-sale investments |
|
|
(21,217 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
3,086 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(2,947 |
) |
|
|
(7,129 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before income taxes |
|
|
(141,067 |
) |
|
|
(216,005 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
|
(6,200 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
(141,685 |
) |
|
|
(222,205 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less non-controlling interests: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative dividends on exchangeable shares |
|
|
(595 |
) |
|
|
(4,129 |
) |
Share of loss |
|
|
22,021 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders |
|
$ |
(120,259 |
) |
|
$ |
(226,334 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40
Net Revenues and Other Income
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
Change in GAAP Net Revenues and Other Income between
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Net revenues and other income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fees, net |
|
$ |
34,427 |
|
|
$ |
98,756 |
|
|
$ |
(64,329 |
) |
Performance fees, net |
|
|
10,817 |
|
|
|
4,735 |
|
|
|
6,082 |
|
Administration fees, net |
|
|
5,473 |
|
|
|
22,248 |
|
|
|
(16,775 |
) |
Other |
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
5,641 |
|
|
|
(4,644 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues and other income |
|
$ |
51,714 |
|
|
$ |
131,380 |
|
|
$ |
(79,666 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Key ratios * |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues and other income/average
net AUM, annualized |
|
|
1.8 |
% |
|
|
2.1 |
% |
|
|
(0.3 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management fees/average net AUM, annualized |
|
|
1.2 |
% |
|
|
1.6 |
% |
|
|
(0.4 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Administration fees/average net AUM, annualized |
|
|
0.19 |
% |
|
|
0.36 |
% |
|
|
(0.17 |
%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Ratios calculated using average net AUM for the three months ended March 31, 2009
exclude the approximately $2.8 billion sub-advisory mandate from SGAM UK. |
Total net revenues and other income decreased by $79.7 million, or 60.6%, to $51.7 million for
the three months ended March 31, 2009 versus the three months ended March 31, 2008. This decrease
was driven primarily by significantly lower management and
administration fee revenue partially offset by
higher net performance fees.
For management and administration fee revenues, we use net fee yield as a measure of our fees
generated for every dollar of our net AUM. The net management and administration fee yield is equal
to the management fees and administration fees, respectively, divided by average net AUM for the
applicable period.
Net management fees decreased by $64.3 million, or 65.1%, to $34.4 million. This decline in
net management fees was driven primarily by the significant decrease in net AUM and by a decrease in
management fee yield from 1.60% to 1.19% resulting from the changing mix of our AUM towards lower
yielding products.
Net performance fees increased by $6.1 million, or 128.4% to $10.8 million. This increase was
driven by the positive performance of one of our managed accounts which amounted to $10.8 million.
Net administration fees decreased by $16.8 million, or 75.4%, to $5.5 million. This decline
was driven by a 53.2% lower average net AUM balance between the periods which, at constant
administration fee yield, accounted for $11.8 million of the decrease in administration fees.
Other income decreased by $4.6 million, or 82.3% to $1.0 million. This decrease was primarily
due to our holding smaller amounts of non-U.S. dollar cash balances at lower interest rates
yielding lower interest income despite the appreciation of the U.S. dollar that occurred between
the first quarter of 2008 and the first quarter of 2009.
41
Expenses
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
Change in GAAP Expenses between Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee compensation and benefits |
|
$ |
(138,014 |
) |
|
$ |
(287,935 |
) |
|
$ |
149,921 |
|
Limited partner profit share |
|
|
(8,643 |
) |
|
|
(25,104 |
) |
|
|
16,461 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation, benefits and profit share |
|
|
(146,657 |
) |
|
|
(313,039 |
) |
|
|
166,382 |
|
General, administrative and other |
|
|
(22,317 |
) |
|
|
(30,303 |
) |
|
|
7,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses |
|
$ |
(168,974 |
) |
|
$ |
(343,342 |
) |
|
$ |
174,368 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Key ratios |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation, benefits and profit
share / total GAAP net revenues and
other income |
|
|
283.6 |
% |
|
|
238.3 |
% |
|
|
45.3 |
% |
General, administrative and other /
total GAAP net revenues and other
income |
|
|
43.2 |
% |
|
|
23.1 |
% |
|
|
20.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses / total GAAP net revenues
and other income |
|
|
326.8 |
% |
|
|
261.4 |
% |
|
|
65.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation, benefits and profit share decreased by $166.4 million, or 53.2%, to $146.7
million primarily due to a $133.9 million decrease in share based and other Acquisition-related
employee compensation. The remaining decrease arose from lower discretionary compensation accruals
for the quarter in addition to the impact of personnel reductions in the fourth quarter of 2008.
General, administrative and other expenses decreased by $8.0 million due to the effects of a
reduction in business scale, the impact of the Companys cost reduction initiatives and a
comparatively weak pound sterling currency reducing our reported US dollar equivalent of our
sterling denominated general, administrative and other expenses during the first quarter of 2009.
42
Non-GAAP Expense Measures
As discussed above under Assessing Business Performance, we present a non-GAAP
compensation, benefits, and profit share measure. The table below reconciles GAAP compensation,
benefits and profit share to non-GAAP CBP for the periods presented.
Change in Non-GAAP Expenses between Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Non-GAAP expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GAAP compensation, benefits and
profit share |
|
$ |
(146,657 |
) |
|
$ |
(313,039 |
) |
|
$ |
166,382 |
|
Add back: Acquisition-related
compensation expense and other
compensation costs |
|
|
126,737 |
|
|
|
260,155 |
|
|
|
(133,418 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP CBP |
|
|
(19,920 |
) |
|
|
(52,884 |
) |
|
|
32,964 |
|
GAAP general, administrative and other |
|
|
(22,317 |
) |
|
|
(30,303 |
) |
|
|
7,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP total expenses |
|
$ |
(42,237 |
) |
|
$ |
(83,187 |
) |
|
|
40,950 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Key ratios (based on non-GAAP measures) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP CBP / total GAAP net
revenues and other income |
|
|
38.5 |
% |
|
|
40.3 |
% |
|
|
(1.8 |
%) |
General, administrative and other /
total GAAP net revenues and other
income |
|
|
43.2 |
% |
|
|
23.1 |
% |
|
|
20.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP total expenses / total GAAP net
revenues and other income |
|
|
81.7 |
% |
|
|
63.4 |
% |
|
|
18.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP CBP decreased by $33.0 million, or 62.3%, to $19.9 million. The decrease was
attributable primarily to lower employee compensation and benefits as well as lower discretionary
bonus accruals and limited partner profit share which is related to our reduced alternative asset
AUM at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008. General, administrative and other expenses
decreased by $8.0 million due to the effects of a reduction in business scale, the impact of the
Companys cost reduction initiatives and a comparatively weak pound sterling currency reducing our
reported US dollar equivalent of our sterling denominated general, administrative and other
expenses during the first quarter of 2009.
43
Net Interest Expense
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
Change in Net Interest Expense between Three Months Ended
March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Interest income |
|
$ |
357 |
|
|
$ |
3,086 |
|
|
$ |
(2,729 |
) |
Interest expense |
|
|
(2,947 |
) |
|
|
(7,129 |
) |
|
|
4,182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest expense |
|
$ |
(2,590 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,043 |
) |
|
|
1,453 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net interest expense decreased by $1.5 million to $2.6 million driven primarily by decreased
interest rates on our term loan and revolving credit facility, offset by lower cash balances and
decreased deposit interest rates as compared to the first quarter of 2008.
Income Taxes
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
Income tax decreased by $5.6 million to $0.6 million, predominantly driven by an increase in
loss before income taxes. We calculate our effective tax rate on profit before tax and certain
Acquisition-related expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2009, we recognized
approximately $126.7 million of Acquisition-related compensation expense, $118.9 million of which
is not tax deductible, compared to approximately $260.2 million for the three months ended March
31, 2008, all of which is not tax deductible. We also recognized a realized loss on
available-for-sale equity investments of $21.2 million which was also not tax deductible. Our
loss/profit before tax and after adjusting for these non-tax deductible expenses was approximately
a $1.0 million loss and $44.1 million profit for the three months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008,
respectively. Our effective tax rate based on this measure was (63.4%) and 14.0% for the three
months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Notwithstanding there being an overall taxable
loss in this period, the negative tax rate in the first quarter of 2009 arises primarily due to
there being a tax charge related to timing differences on share based compensation deductions
accrued in accordance with FAS 109 principles and the actual tax deduction that arises on vesting,
as well as a debit arising from a FIN 48 movement in the first quarter of 2009. These rates differ
from the U.S. Federal rate of tax of 35% as our profits are predominantly outside the United States
where lower tax rates apply.
Non-controlling Interests
Non-controlling interest in the first quarter of 2009 was a credit of $21.4 million compared
to a debit of $4.1 million in the first quarter of 2008. The change between the periods was due to:
|
|
|
A $22.0 million credit for the share of losses attributable to FA Sub 2 Exchangeable
Shareholders under SFAS 160. There was no corresponding non-controlling interest movement
in first quarter of 2008 as losses applicable to the FA Sub 2 Exchangeable Shareholders
exceeded their interest in the equity capital of the subsidiary; |
|
|
|
|
Cumulative dividends of $0.6 million accruing to FA Sub 2 Exchangeable Shareholders
compared to cumulative dividends of $4.1 million accrued during the first quarter of 2008;
and |
|
|
|
|
The change in accounting policy related to the adoption of SFAS 160. |
44
Adjusted Net Income
As discussed above under Assessing Business Performance, we present a non-GAAP adjusted
net income measure. The table below reconciles net income to adjusted net income for the periods
presented.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2008
Change in Non-GAAP Adjusted Net Income between
Three Months Ended March 31, 2009 and March 31, 2008
(U.S. dollars in thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
Change |
|
Derivation of non-GAAP adjusted net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GAAP loss before non-controlling interest |
|
$ |
(141,685 |
) |
|
$ |
(222,205 |
) |
|
$ |
80,520 |
|
Add: Acquisition-related
compensation expense |
|
|
126,737 |
|
|
|
260,155 |
|
|
|
(133,418 |
) |
Add: Realized loss on
available-for-sale investments |
|
|
21,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,217 |
|
Deduct: Cumulative dividends |
|
|
(595 |
) |
|
|
(4,129 |
) |
|
|
3,534 |
|
Deduct: tax effect of
Acquisition-related compensation
expenses |
|
|
(355 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(355 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-GAAP adjusted net income |
|
$ |
5,319 |
|
|
$ |
33,821 |
|
|
$ |
(28,502 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted net income decreased by $28.5 million to $5.3 million. This decrease in adjusted net
income is due to lower management and administrative fees offset by lower compensation and general
and administrative expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including
ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, pay compensation, and satisfy other general business
needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of cash flows provided by operating
activities, primarily the management fees and performance fees paid by the funds and accounts we
manage.
We expect that our cash on hand and cash flows from operating activities will satisfy our
liquidity needs with respect to debt obligations and operating expenses over the next twelve
months. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, including the repayment of our debt
obligations, with net income, if any, and through the issuance of new debt, equity and/or
equity-linked securities and incurrence of loans.
We currently have $530 million outstanding under a 5-year amortizing term loan facility, of
which the first principal payment is due in the second half of 2011. We also have a $40 million
5-year amortizing revolving credit facility which is fully drawn with the same syndicate of banks
as the term loan facility. We are current on all required payments related to these loan
facilities.
As part of these credit facilities, we have two primary financial covenants to which we are
required to adhere. The financial covenants require that we have fee paying AUM (fee paying AUM is
approximately equal to our gross AUM) of at least $15 billion (which is measured annually on
December 31 and increases $500 million per year until 2012) and that we maintain at the end of each
fiscal quarter a leverage ratio of not more than 4.5:1 calculated on the basis of adjusted earnings
before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (as defined in our credit agreement for the
loan facilities) on a last twelve months basis. As of March 31, 2009 we were in compliance with our
quarterly financial covenant of the loan facilities with a leverage ratio of 2.8:1.
45
Our leverage ratio calculated as of March 31, 2009 is 2.8:1, which is (i) total debt
outstanding of $570 million divided by (ii) the sum of (a) adjusted trailing twelve month net
income of $100 million; (b) interest, taxes, depreciation and cumulative dividends of $38 million;
and (c) non-cash equity compensation of $69 million.
Factors affecting our ability to comply with these covenants include: the performance of the
GLG Funds and managed accounts prior to the end of each relevant measurement period, future net
redemptions and their related impact on fee revenue, currency movements principally the Euro
versus the U.S. dollar and the level of our cash compensation and general and administration
expenses. Our credit agreement also includes restrictive covenants which, among other
things, restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness.
On May 11, 2009, the Company entered into an agreement to amend its existing term loan and
revolving credit facilities. The effectiveness of the amendment is conditioned upon (i) the
consummation of a capital raise, upon terms and conditions specified in the amendment, resulting in
net cash proceeds to the Company of at least $150 million,
(ii) the Company making a pro rata offer, at 60% of par,
to purchase, upon terms and conditions specified in the amendment, from the lenders loans under the
credit facilities which offer is accepted with respect to at least $150 million in outstanding
principal amount of loans and (iii) other customary matters. If the amendment becomes effective,
(i) the two financial covenants in the credit facility (minimum AUM and leverage ratios) will be
eliminated; (ii) the Company will be required to use 50% of its excess cash flow (as defined in the
amended Credit Agreement) quarterly to prepay the outstanding loans; (iii) the cash proceeds from
the required capital raise must be used to fund the purchase of the loans purchased from the
lenders; and (iv) the Company will be prohibited from making dividend payments to shareholders of
the Company for one year from the date of the effectiveness of the amendment and thereafter,
dividends to shareholders of the Company may be made only after the aggregate outstanding principal
amount of the loans is less than $200 million.
Due to decreases in AUM and changes in our AUM mix (resulting from a decline in AUM in higher
fee paying alternative funds, the addition of the SGAM UK funds and an increase in 130/30 managed accounts), we expect that management
and administration fees will trend lower in future quarters when compared to prior periods until
AUM begins to increase or the AUM mix tends towards alternative products. Additionally, many of our
funds have significant high water marks. Until these funds either generate investment returns that
will overcome these high water marks, or these funds experience net inflows that carry no
high-water marks and/or new funds are launched without high-water marks, our ability to generate
performance fees in 2009 and beyond may be limited. We believe that we will be able to continue to
scale down our cost infrastructure, if required, in order to maintain positive operating cash flow.
Our ability to execute our business strategy, particularly our ability to form new funds and
increase our AUM, depends on our ability to raise additional investor capital within such funds.
Decisions by investors to commit capital to the funds and accounts managed by us will depend upon a
number of factors including, but not limited to, the financial performance of such funds and
accounts, industry and market trends and performance and the relative attractiveness of alternative
investment opportunities.
Excess cash we hold on our balance sheet is either kept in interest bearing accounts or
invested in AA or better rated money market funds. Currency hedging is undertaken to maintain
currency net assets at pre-determined ratios.
Operating Activities
Our net cash used by operating activities was $72.7 million for the three months ended March
31, 2009 compared to $5.9 million provided by operating cash flows for the period ended March 31,
2008. These amounts primarily reflect cash-based fee income, less cash compensation, benefits and
non-personnel costs and tax payments and distributions to limited partners.
46
The $78.6 million decrease in net cash provided by operating activities between the periods
was primarily attributable to the following:
|
|
|
Performance Fees. Performance fees are generally received every six months in the
month following crystallization (i.e., 2009 operating cash flows will be the result of
receipts of June 2009 and December 2008 performance fees). Lower December 2008 performance
fees contributed $320.4 million to the decrease in operating cash flows compared to the
same period in 2008. |
|
|
|
|
Compensation, employee benefits and profit share. The most significant component of
compensation, employee benefits and profit share is discretionary
compensation and discretionary limited
partner profit share paid during the year following the year in which the related business
performance is achieved (i.e., 2009 compensation cash flows are largely influenced by
discretionary compensation and discretionary limited partner profit share paid in respect of 2008
business performance). Operating cash flows from compensation, employee benefits and
profit share were $316.5 million lower as a result of a reduction in the level of accrued
compensation for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008 compared to 2007. |
|
|
|
|
General, Administrative and other. Cash flows from general, administrative and other
expenses were $15.2 million higher than the comparative period. |
|
|
|
|
Management and Administration Fees. Management and administration fees are largely
received monthly and are driven by the average net AUM and fee rates in each fund and
managed account. Management and administration fees contributed a decrease of $84.2
million due to lower average net AUM. |
|
|
|
|
Net Interest Expense. Cash outflows from net interest expense decreased $1.5 million,
driven by the effect of lower interest rates on debt outstanding offset by lower cash
balances as compared to the same period in 2008. |
|
|
|
|
Foreign Exchange. Changes in exchange rates, predominantly euro and sterling
denominated monetary assets and liabilities, contributed a decrease of $8.3 million. |
|
|
|
|
Tax. Tax payments decreased by $9.7 million due to lower income levels. |
This mismatch in timing between receipt of largely semi-annual performance fee revenues and
the annual payment of associated discretionary compensation costs, when combined with the
volatility of performance fee revenues can lead to substantial volatility and differences between
net income and cash flows from operations.
Investing Activities
Our net cash provided by investing activities was $35.4 million for the three months ended
March 31, 2009 versus net cash used by investing activities of $3.3 million for the three months
ended March 31, 2008.
The majority of the increase relates to the proceeds from the redemption of a portion of the
available-for-sale securities which contributed $35.7 million. In the first quarter of 2008, the
Company acquired GLG Inc. for cash consideration of $2.5 million.
Financing Activities
Our net cash used in financing activities was $64.4 million and $138.7 million for the three
months ended March 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. During the first quarter of 2009, the Company
repurchased shares for an aggregate cost totaling $64.3 million. During the first quarter of 2008
the Company made distributions to former GLG Shareowners of
$100 million in connection with the Acquisition and repurchased warrants
for an aggregate cost of $37.6 million and repurchased shares for an aggregate cost of $3.5 million, partly
financed by proceeds from warrant exercises of $2.6 million.
47
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
48
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Our predominant exposure to market risk is related to our role as investment manager for the
GLG Funds and accounts we manage for clients and the impact of movements in the fair value of their
underlying investments. Changes in value of assets managed will impact the level of management,
administration and performance fee revenues.
The broad range of investment strategies that are employed across the GLG Funds and the
managed accounts mean that they are subject to varying degrees and types of market risk. In
addition, as the GLG Funds and managed accounts are managed independently of each other and risk is
managed at a strategy and fund level, it is unlikely that any market event would impact all GLG
Funds and managed accounts in the same manner or to the same extent. Moreover, there is no netting
of performance fees across funds as these fees are calculated at the fund level.
The management of market risk on behalf of clients, and through the impact on fees to us, is a
significant focus for us and we use a variety of risk measurement techniques to identify and manage
market risk. Such techniques include Monte Carlo Value at Risk, stress testing, exposure management
and sensitivities, and limits are set on these measures to ensure the market risk taken is
commensurate with the publicized risk profile of each GLG Fund and in compliance with risk limits.
In order to provide a quantitative indication of the possible impact of market risk factors on
our future performance, the following sets forth the potential financial impact of scenarios
involving a 10% increase or decrease in the fair value of all investments in the GLG Funds and
managed accounts. While these scenarios are for illustrative purposes only and do not reflect our
managements expectations regarding future performance of the GLG Funds and managed accounts, they
represent hypothetical changes that illustrate the potential impact of such events.
Impact on Management Fees*
Our management fees are based on the AUM of the various GLG Funds and accounts that we manage,
and, as a result, are impacted by changes in market risk factors. These management fees will be
increased or reduced in direct proportion to the impact of changes in market risk factors on AUM in
the related GLG Funds and accounts managed by us. A 10% change in the fair values of all of the
investments held by the GLG Funds and managed accounts as of March 31, 2009 would impact future net
management fees in the following four fiscal quarters by an aggregate of $11.6 million, assuming
that there is no subsequent change to the investments held by the GLG Funds and managed accounts in
those four following fiscal quarters.
Impact on Performance Fees
Our performance fees are generally based on a percentage of profits of the various GLG Funds
and accounts that we manage, and, as a result, are impacted by changes in market risk factors. Our
performance fees will therefore generally increase given an increase in the market value of the
investments in the relevant GLG Funds and managed accounts and decrease given a decrease in the
market value of the investments in the relevant GLG Funds and managed accounts. However, it should
be noted that we are not required to refund historically crystallized performance fees to the GLG
Funds and managed accounts. The calculation of the performance fee includes in certain cases
performance hurdles and high-water marks, and as a result, the impact on performance fees of a
10% change in the fair values of the investments in the GLG Funds and managed accounts cannot be
readily predicted or estimated.
49
Impact on Administration Fees *
Our administration fees are generally based on the AUM of the GLG Funds and managed accounts
to which they relate and, as a result, are impacted by changes in market risk factors. Our
administration fees will generally increase given an increase in the market value of the
investments in the relevant GLG Funds and managed accounts and decrease given a decrease in the
market value of the investments in the relevant GLG Funds and managed accounts. A 10%
increase/(decrease) in the fair values of all of the investments held by the GLG Funds and managed
accounts as of March 31, 2009 would impact future net administration fees in the following four
fiscal quarters by an aggregate of $2.8/($2.8) million, respectively, assuming there is no
subsequent change to the investments held by the GLG Funds and managed accounts in those four
following fiscal quarters.
Market Risk
The GLG Funds and accounts managed by us hold investments that are reported at fair value as
of the reporting date. Our AUM is a measure of the estimated fair values of the investments in the
GLG Funds and managed accounts. Our AUM will therefore increase (or decrease) in direct proportion
to changes in the market value of the total investments across all of the GLG Funds and managed
accounts. A 10% change in the fair values of all of the investments held by the GLG Funds and
managed accounts as of March 31, 2009 would impact our gross AUM by $1.54 billion and net AUM by
$1.40 billion as of such date. This change will consequently affect our management fees,
performance fees and administration fees as described above.
Exchange Rate Risk
The GLG Funds and the accounts managed by us hold investments that are denominated in foreign
currencies. The GLG Funds and the managed accounts may employ currency hedging to help mitigate the
risks of currency fluctuations.
Furthermore, share classes may be issued in the GLG Funds denominated in foreign currencies,
whose value against the currency of the underlying investments, or against our reporting currency,
may fluctuate. As a result, the calculation of our U.S. dollar AUM based on AUM denominated in
foreign currencies is affected by exchange rate movements. In addition, foreign currency movements
may impact the U.S. dollar value of our management fees, performance fees and administration fees.
For example, management fee revenues derived from AUM denominated in a foreign currency will accrue
in that currency and their value may increase or decline in U.S. dollar terms if the value of the
U.S. dollar changes against that foreign currency.
We utilize derivative instruments in an effort to manage our foreign currency exposures.
Management and performance fees that are calculated on share classes denominated in currencies
other than U.S. dollars are exposed to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar versus those
currencies as they are translated back into U.S. dollars. The majority of our foreign currency
exposure related to management and performance fees is to the Euro, with smaller exposures to the
British Pound and Japanese Yen. We have elected to utilize cash flow hedge accounting to hedge a
portion of our anticipated foreign currency revenue. The effective portion of the hedge is recorded
as a component of other comprehensive income and is released into management and performance fee
income, respectively, when the hedged revenues impact the income statement. The ineffective portion
of the hedge is recorded each period as derivative gain or loss in other income or other expense.
We carefully analyze our hedging counterparties and only utilize those with credit ratings of AA or
better.
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AUM used in impact calculations does not include the
approximately $2.8 billion sub-advisory mandate from Société Générale Asset
Management UK. |
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Interest Rate Risk
The GLG Funds and accounts managed by us hold positions in debt obligations and derivatives
thereof, some of which accrue interest at variable rates and whose value is impacted by reference
to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes may therefore directly impact the AUM valuation
of these GLG Funds and managed accounts, which may affect our management fees and performance fees
as described above. Our long-term debt consists of our outstanding revolving and term loan credit
facilities. Interest on the outstanding principal amounts is currently based on 1-month LIBOR plus
the applicable margin of 1.25%, which is reset periodically and was 1.65% at May 8, 2009. A 10%
change in the 1-month LIBOR would impact our interest expense by approximately $0.02 million for
the 1-month period.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our co-principal
executive officers and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure
controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this
evaluation, our co-principal executive officers and our principal financial officer concluded that
our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the
quarter ended March 31, 2009 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent
or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
On January 25, 2008, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) notified us of proceedings
relating to our trading in the shares of Infogrames Entertainment (Infogrames) on February
8 and 9, 2006, prior to the issuance by Infogrames on February 9, 2006 of a press release announcing
poor financial results. The AMFs decision to initiate an investigation into our trades in Infogrames
was based on a November 19, 2007 report prepared by the AMFs Department of Market Investigation and
Supervision (the Infogrames Report). According to the Infogrames Report, the trades challenged by the
AMF generated an unrealized capital gain for us as of the opening on February 10, 2006 of 179,000. The
AMF investigation relates solely to the conduct of a former employee; however, we were named as the
respondent. If sustained, the charge against us could give rise to an administrative fine under French
securities laws. We filed our response to the Infogrames Report on May 23, 2008. The matter is currently
pending with the Rapporteur, who will decide based on the Infogrames Report, our response and his own
investigation whether to proceed with formal charges.
We are also subject to various claims and assessments and regulatory inquiries and
investigations in the normal course of our business. While it is not possible at this time to
predict the outcome of any legal and regulatory proceedings with certainty and while some
investigations, lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, based on our
evaluation of matters that are pending or asserted our management believes the disposition of such
matters will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of
operations. An unfavorable ruling could include money damages or injunctive relief.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business, financial condition and results of operations can be impacted by a number of
risk factors, any one of which could cause our actual results to vary materially from recent
results or from our anticipated future results. Any of these risks could materially and adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, which in turn could materially
and adversely affect the price of our common stock or other securities.
Risks Related to Our Business
Difficult market conditions, market disruptions and volatility have adversely affected and may in
the future continue to adversely affect our business in many ways, each of which could materially
reduce our revenue and cash flow and adversely affect our business, results of operations or
financial condition.
Our business is materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic
conditions throughout the world that are outside our control, such as interest rates, availability
of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to
taxation, regulation of hedge funds and trading in securities), trade barriers, commodity prices,
currency exchange rates and controls and national and international political circumstances
(including wars, terrorist acts or security operations). Recently, global credit and other
financial markets have suffered and continue to suffer substantial stress, volatility, illiquidity
and disruption. Market turbulence reached unprecedented levels during the third and fourth quarters
of 2008, as loss of investor confidence in the financial system resulted in an historically
unprecedented lack of liquidity, decline in asset values, and the bankruptcy or acquisition of, or
government assistance to, several major domestic and international financial institutions. These
factors, combined with volatile commodity prices and foreign exchange rates, contributed to
recessionary economic conditions globally and a deterioration in consumer and corporate confidence
and could further exacerbate the overall market disruptions and risks to market participants,
including the GLG Funds and managed accounts. These market conditions may affect the level and
volatility of securities prices and the liquidity and the value of investments in the GLG Funds and
managed accounts, and we may not be able to or may choose not to manage our exposure to these
market conditions.
Our profitability may also be adversely affected by fixed costs and the possibility that we
would be unable to or may choose not to scale back other costs within a time frame sufficient to
match any decreases in revenue relating to changes in market and economic conditions.
Global market conditions are inherently outside of our control and cannot be predicted. If
these conditions continue, they may impact our ability to consistently generate non-volatile
investment performance and attract new AUM, and may result in higher levels of redemptions from the
GLG Funds and managed accounts than they have historically experienced prior to the third quarter
of 2008. These factors may reduce our revenue growth, income and our ability to pay dividends on
our shares of common stock and may slow or reduce the growth of our business or may contract our
business. In particular, we may face the following heightened risks:
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The investment performance of the GLG Funds and managed accounts may be negatively
impacted. Negative fund performance reduces AUM, which decreases the management fees,
administration fees and
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performance fees we earn. Lower revenues may result in lower
adjusted net income and, therefore, reduced
amounts available for dividends on our shares of common stock or increased risk that we will
be unable to comply with financial covenants in our credit facility. |
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Performance fees, which historically have comprised a substantial portion of our annual
revenues, are largely contingent on the GLG Funds and managed accounts generating positive
annual investment performance in excess of high water marks or generating investment
performance in excess of certain benchmarks. We may be unable to reach profitability in
the future without substantial growth in performance fees. |
Our revenue, net income and cash flow are dependent upon performance fees, which may make it
difficult for us to achieve steady earnings growth on a semi-annual basis.
Our revenue, net income and cash flow are all highly variable, primarily due to the fact that
performance fees can vary significantly from period to period, in part, because performance fees
are recognized as revenue only when contractually payable, or crystallized, from the GLG Funds
and managed accounts to which they relate, generally on June 30 and December 31 of each year for
the majority of the GLG Funds. Although prior to 2008 we have historically had low inter-group
correlations across asset classes, we may also experience fluctuations in our results from period
to period due to a number of other factors, including changes in the values of the GLG Funds
investments, changes in the amount of distributions, dividends or interest paid in respect of
investments, changes in our operating expenses, the degree to which we encounter competition and
general economic and market conditions. Such variability may lead to volatility in the trading
price of our common stock and cause our results for a particular period not to be indicative of our
performance in a future period. It may be difficult for us to achieve steady growth in net income
and cash flow on a semi-annual basis, which could in turn lead to large adverse movements in the
price of our common stock or increased volatility in our stock price generally.
With a few exceptions, the GLG Funds and managed accounts have high water marks, whereby
performance fees are earned by us only to the extent that the net asset value of a GLG Fund or
managed account at the end of a semi-annual period exceeds the highest net asset value on the last
date on which a performance fee was earned. To the extent any of the GLG Funds and managed
accounts generate negative investment performance or generate positive performance less than the
applicable high water mark or benchmark, we would not earn performance fees for that GLG Fund or
managed account until the high water mark is re-achieved or the benchmark exceeded. Certain of the
GLG Funds and managed accounts also have LIBOR hurdles whereby performance fees are not earned
during a particular period until the returns of such funds surpass the LIBOR rate. The performance
fees we earn are therefore dependent on the net asset value of the GLG Funds and managed accounts,
which could lead to significant volatility in our semi-annual results. Because our revenue, net
income and cash flow can be highly variable from period to period, we plan not to provide any
guidance regarding our expected semi-annual and annual operating results. The lack of guidance may
affect the expectations of public market analysts and could cause increased volatility in our stock
price.
Fluctuations in currency exchange rates could materially affect our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
We use U.S. dollars as our reporting currency. Our clients invest in GLG Funds and managed
accounts in different currencies, including Pounds Sterling and Euros. In addition, GLG Funds and
managed accounts hold investments denominated in many foreign currencies. To the extent that our
fee revenues are based on AUM denominated in such foreign currencies, our reported fee revenues may
be significantly affected by the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar against these currencies.
Typically, an increase in the exchange rate between U.S. dollars and these currencies will reduce
the impact of revenues denominated in these currencies in our financial statements. For example,
management fee revenues derived from each Euro of AUM denominated in Euros will decline in U.S.
dollar terms if the value of the U.S. dollar appreciates against the Euro. In addition, the
calculation of the amount of our AUM is effected by exchange rate movements as AUM denominated in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar are converted to U.S. dollars. We also incur a significant
portion of our expenditures in currencies other than U.S. dollars. As a result, our business is
subject to the effects of exchange rate fluctuations with respect to any currency conversions and
our ability to hedge these risks and the cost of such hedging or our decision not to hedge could
impact the performance of the GLG Funds and our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
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In order to retain our investment professionals during periods of poor performance, we may have to
pay our investment professionals a significant amount, even if we earn low or no performance fees,
which could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Competition for investment professionals in the asset management industry is intense. We have
set compensation at levels that we believe are competitive against compensation offered by other
alternative asset managers and leading investment banks against whom we compete for senior
management and other key personnel, principally those located in London, while taking into account
the performance of the GLG Funds and managed accounts. We believe these forms of remuneration are
important to align the interests of our senior management and key personnel with those of investors
in the GLG Funds. However, even if we earn low or no performance fees, we may be required to pay
significant compensation and limited partner profit share to retain our key personnel. In these
circumstances, these amounts may represent a greater percentage of our revenues than they have
historically.
We pay a substantial portion of our compensation expense in the form of annual bonuses and
limited partner profit share, which are variable and discretionary. Typically, the performance
fees we earn fund a significant amount of the cash bonuses and limited partner profit share that we
pay. In periods where we earn little or no performance fees, our ability to pay cash bonuses and
limited partner profit share will be reduced. This may affect our ability to retain and attract
investment professionals and other key personnel.
Investors in the GLG Funds and investors with managed accounts can generally redeem investments
with only short periods of notice and the rate of redemptions could accelerate if the GLG Funds and
managed accounts underperform, which could make it more difficult to manage the liquidity levels of
the GLG Funds and managed accounts, reduce AUM and adversely affect our revenues.
Investors in the GLG Funds and investors with managed accounts may generally redeem their
investments with only short periods of notice. Investors may reduce the aggregate amount of their
investments, or transfer their investments to other funds or asset managers with different fee rate
arrangements, for any number of reasons, including investment performance, changes in prevailing
interest rates and financial market performance, or for no reason. If interest rates are rising
and/or stock markets are declining, the pace of fund and managed account redemptions could
accelerate. Redemptions of investments in the GLG Funds could also take place more quickly than
assets may be sold on account of those funds to meet the price of such redemptions, which could
result in the relevant funds and/or our being in breach of applicable legal, regulatory and
contractual requirements in relation to such redemptions, resulting in possible regulatory and
stockholder actions against us and/or the GLG Funds. Any such action could potentially cause
further redemptions and/or make it more difficult to attract new investors. The redemption of
investments in the GLG Funds or in managed accounts could adversely affect our revenues, which are
substantially dependent upon the AUM in the GLG Funds. If redemptions of investments cause our
revenues to decline, they could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
As a result of the recent market developments and the potential for increased and continuing
disruptions and the resulting uncertainty during the second half of 2008, we experienced an
increase in the level of redemptions from the GLG Funds and managed accounts. Redemption rates may
stay elevated globally while market conditions remain unsettled. If the level of redemption
activity persists at above normal levels, it could become more difficult to manage the liquidity
requirements of the GLG Funds, making it more difficult or more costly for the GLG Funds to
liquidate positions rapidly to meet margin calls, redemption requests or otherwise. In addition to
the impact on the market value of AUM, the illiquidity and volatility of the global financial
markets have negatively affected our ability to manage inflows and outflows from the GLG Funds.
Our ability to attract new capital to existing GLG Funds or to develop investment platforms may be
limited during this period. The temporary closures of securities exchanges in certain foreign
markets, such as Brazil and Russia, could further negatively impact the liquidity of the GLG Funds
that invest in those markets. The respective boards of directors of the GLG Funds have the right
to restrict redemptions from the GLG Funds for certain periods in the event of certain limited
circumstances, as specified in the prospectuses for the respective GLG Funds. Several alternative
asset managers, including us, have recently exercised similar rights with respect to the funds they
manage and we have and may in the future recommended that the boards of directors of certain of the
GLG Funds exercise the rights available to them. The exercise of these rights may have an adverse
effect on the ability of the GLG Funds to attract additional AUM.
If the GLG Funds or managed accounts underperform, existing fund investors may decide to
reduce or redeem their investments or transfer asset management responsibility to other asset
managers and we may be unable to obtain new asset management business. Poor performance relative
to other asset management firms may result in
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reduced investments in the GLG Funds and managed
accounts and increased redemptions from the GLG Funds and managed accounts. As a result, investment
underperformance could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or
financial condition.
We may face further redemptions from the GLG Funds and managed accounts for reasons not
specifically related to investment performance, which may further reduce AUM or adversely impact
our ability to attract new investments, resulting in a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations or financial condition.
Investors worldwide have reduced or eliminated their investments in many asset classes as
confidence in the global financial system has eroded. These actions have resulted in increased
redemptions for the asset management industry worldwide, including hedge funds. Redemption rates
may stay elevated globally while market conditions remain unsettled. The GLG Funds and managed
accounts are not immune to this trend and significant, additional redemptions from the GLG Funds
and managed accounts that are not specifically related to investment performance may occur, which
would reduce our AUM, net revenues and net income. For example, to the extent the GLG Funds have
fund of hedge fund investments from aggregators who are themselves faced with client redemptions,
those aggregators may choose to or be forced to redeem from the GLG Funds to obtain liquidity for
their redeeming clients. In addition, our ability to attract new capital to existing GLG Funds or
developing investment platforms may be limited during this period.
We are dependent on the continued services of Noam Gottesman, Pierre Lagrange and Emmanuel Roman
(the Principals) and other key personnel. The loss of key personnel could have a material adverse
effect on us.
Our Principals and other key personnel have contributed to the growth and success of our
business. We are dependent on the continued services of Messrs. Gottesman, Roman and Lagrange and
other key personnel for our future success. The loss of any Principal or other key personnel may
have a significant effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
The market for experienced asset management professionals is extremely competitive and can be
characterized by frequent movement of employees among firms. Due to the competitive market for
asset management professionals and the success achieved by some of our key personnel, the costs to
attract and retain key personnel are significant and could increase over time. In particular, if we
lose any of our Principals or other key personnel, there is a risk that we may also experience
outflows from AUM or fail to obtain new business. For example, the April 2008 announcement of the
departure of the previous portfolio manager of the GLG Emerging Markets Fund and three other
emerging markets funds in October 2008 contributed to the decline in our net AUM and, together with
the performance of these funds, resulted in the redemption of approximately $4.4 billion from these
GLG Funds during 2008. The inability to attract or retain the necessary highly skilled key
personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial
condition.
The cost of compliance with international employment, labor, benefits and tax regulations may
adversely increase our costs, affect our revenue and impede our ability to expand internationally.
Since we operate our business internationally, we are subject to many different employment, labor,
benefit and tax laws in each country in which we operate, including laws and regulations affecting
employment practices and our relations with the Principals and some of our key personnel who
participate in the limited partner profit share arrangement. If we are required to comply with new
regulations or new or different interpretations of existing regulations, or if we are unable to
comply with these regulations or interpretations, our business could be adversely affected, or the
cost of compliance may make it difficult to expand into new international markets, or we may be
liable for additional costs, such as social security or social insurance, which may be substantial.
Additionally, our competitiveness in international markets may be adversely affected by regulations
requiring, among other things, the awarding of contracts to local contractors, the employment of
local citizens and/or the purchase of services from local businesses or that favor or require local
ownership.
If we experience rapid growth, whether through attracting new investments, acquiring other asset
management businesses or otherwise, it may place significant demands on our administrative,
operational and financial resources.
Rapid growth may cause significant demands on our legal, accounting, technology and operational
infrastructure and increased expenses. The complexity of these demands, and the expense required to
address them, may be a function not only of the amount by which our AUM have grown, but of
significant differences in the investing
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strategies of our different funds. In addition, we are required to continuously develop our systems and infrastructure in response to the increasing
sophistication of the investment management market and legal, accounting and regulatory
developments. Our future growth depends, among other things, on our ability to maintain an
operating platform and management system sufficient to address our growth and requires us to incur
significant additional expenses and commit additional senior management and operational resources.
As a result, we face significant challenges:
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in maintaining adequate financial and business controls; |
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in implementing new or updated information and financial systems and procedures; and |
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in training, managing and appropriately sizing our work force and other components of
our business on a timely and cost-effective basis. |
During 2008, we added a number of new portfolio managers for the GLG Funds, including for the
emerging markets, macro, distressed debt and special situations strategies. On April 3, 2009, we
completed the acquisition of Société Générale Asset Management UK (SGAM UK), Société Générales
UK long-only asset management business. The acquisition includes SGAM UKs operations, which had
approximately $6.8 billion of AUM as of March 31, 2009, and its investment and support staff, based
primarily in London. In March 2009, GLG Partners LP became the investment manager of the funds and
accounts managed by Pendragon Capital, whose founders have joined us as portfolio
managers. Integrating these new portfolio managers and their teams, operations, funds and accounts
may be expensive, time-consuming and a further strain on our resources and may not be successful.
The diversion of managements attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection
with these acquisitions and the integration of these portfolio managers, operations, funds and
accounts may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to manage our growth, acquisitions or expanding
operations effectively or that we will be able to continue to grow, and any failure to do so could
adversely affect our ability to generate revenue and control our expenses.
There can be no assurance that our expansion into the United States or other markets will be
successful.
While we are currently in the process of developing distribution capability in the United
States, the Middle East and Asia, expanding our operations into the United States or other markets
will be difficult due to a number of factors, including the fact that several of these markets are
well-developed, with established competitors and different regulatory regimes. Our failure to
continue to grow our revenues (whether or not as a result of a failure to increase AUM), expand our
business or control our cost base could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations or financial condition.
Damage to our reputation, including as a result of personnel misconduct, failure to manage inside
information, fraud, restricting redemptions from certain GLG Funds or side-pocketing certain
illiquid private placement investments, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our reputation is one of our most important assets. Our relationships with individual and
institutional investors and other significant market participants are very important to our
business. Any deterioration in our reputation held by one or more of these market participants
could lead to a loss of business or a failure to win new fund mandates. For example, we are exposed
to the risk that litigation, regulatory action, misconduct, operational failures, negative
publicity or press speculation, whether or not valid, could harm our reputation. Factors that could
adversely affect our reputation include but are not limited to:
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fraud, misconduct or improper practice by any of our personnel, including failure to
comply with applicable regulations or non-adherence by a portfolio manager to the
investment guidelines applicable to each GLG Fund. Such actions can be particularly
detrimental in the provision of financial services and could involve, for example,
fraudulent transactions entered into for a clients account, diversion of funds, the
intentional or inadvertent release of confidential information or failure to follow
internal procedures. Such actions could expose us to financial losses resulting from the
need to reimburse customers or other business partners or as a result of fines or other
regulatory sanctions, and may significantly damage our reputation; |
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failure to manage inside information. We frequently trade in multiple securities of the
same issuer. In the course of transactions involving these securities, we may receive
inside information in relation to certain issuers. If we do not sufficiently control the
use of this inside information or any other inside information we receive, we and/or our
employees could be subject to investigation and criminal or civil liability; |
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failure to manage conflicts of interest. As we have expanded the scope of our business
and client base, we have been increasingly exposed to potential conflicts of interest. If
we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest, we could
face significant damage to our reputation, litigation or regulatory proceedings or
penalties; |
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restricting redemptions from certain GLG Funds. The GLG Funds have the right to
restrict redemptions from the GLG Funds for certain periods in the event of certain
limited circumstances as specified in the prospectuses for the respective GLG Funds. The
exercise of these rights to restrict redemptions may be perceived as a weakness and fund
investors may suffer a reduced ability to withdraw their original investments in the
affected GLG Funds, resulting in significant reputational damage and could lead to a
reduction in investments in the GLG Funds and hinder our ability to attract new
investments. In addition, it may prompt fund investors to redeem their existing
investments in other GLG Funds that have not elected to exercise these rights. As of
December 31, 2008, approximately $1.5 billion of AUM were in GLG Funds for which the
related fund boards of directors had suspended redemptions, which had increased to
approximately $1.7 billion of AUM as of March 31, 2009. The funds included: The GLG MMI
Enhanced II Fund, GLG Global Utilities Fund, GLG Credit Fund, GLG MMI Enhanced Fund, GLG
Multi-Strategy Fund, GLG Market Neutral Fund and GLG Event Driven Fund. We continue to
receive full management and administration fees related to these funds; and |
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side-pocketing certain illiquid private placement and other not readily realizable
investments. Certain GLG Funds have and may in the future side-pocket certain private
placement and other not readily realizable investments into separate special asset
vehicles, providing investors with illiquid interests in the new special asset vehicles in
lieu of returning their invested capital. As fund investors suffer a reduced ability to
withdraw their original investments from the GLG Funds due to this side pocketing, our
reputation may be subject to substantial damage. This reputational harm may hinder our
ability to obtain new investments and may prompt investors to redeem their existing
investments in other GLG Funds or managed accounts. |
Damage to our reputation as a result of these or other factors could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Operational risks may disrupt our business, result in losses or limit our growth.
We rely heavily on our financial, accounting and other data processing systems. If any of
these systems do not operate properly or are disabled, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption
of our business, liability to the GLG Funds, regulatory intervention or reputational damage.
In addition, we operate in a business that is highly dependent on information systems and
technology. Our information systems and technology may not continue to be able to accommodate our
growth, and the cost of maintaining such systems may increase from its current level. Such a
failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems, could
have a material adverse effect on us.
Furthermore, we depend on our office in London, where most of our personnel are located, for
the continued operation of our business. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that
supports our business, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services
used by us or third parties with whom we conduct our business, or directly affecting our London
office, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business
without interruption. Our disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm
that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards
might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all.
Through outsourcing arrangements, we and the GLG Funds rely on third-party administrators and
other providers of middle-and back-office support and development functions, such as prime brokers,
custodians, market data providers and certain risk system, portfolio and management and
telecommunications system providers. Any
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interruption in our ability to rely on the services of these third parties or deterioration in their performance could impair the quality (including the
timing) of our services. Furthermore, if the contracts with any of these third-party providers are
terminated, we may not find alternative outsource service providers on a timely basis or on
equivalent terms. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our business may suffer as a result of loss of business from key private and institutional
investors.
We generate a significant proportion of our revenue from a small number of our top clients. As
of March 31, 2009, the assets of our top individual client accounted for approximately 5% of our
net AUM. As of March 31, 2009, our largest institutional investor account represented approximately
11% of our net AUM, with the top five accounts collectively contributing approximately 28% of our
net AUM. The loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by one or more of these
clients would have a material impact on the income we derive from management and performance fees
and consequently have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial
condition. We may be subject to regulatory investigation or enforcement action or a change in
regulation in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
We are subject to substantial litigation and regulatory enforcement risks, and we may face
significant liabilities and damage to our professional reputation as a result of litigation
allegations or regulatory investigations and the attendant negative publicity.
The investment decisions we make in our asset management business subject us to the risk of
regulatory investigations and enforcement actions in connection with our investment activities, as
well as third-party litigation arising from investor dissatisfaction with the performance of those
investment funds and a variety of other litigation claims. In general, we are exposed to risk of
litigation by GLG Fund investors if a GLG Fund suffers losses resulting from the negligence,
willful default, bad faith or fraud of the manager or the service providers to whom the manager has
delegated responsibility for the performance of its duties. We have in the past been, and we may in
the future be, the subject of investigations and enforcement actions by regulatory authorities
resulting in fines and other penalties, which may be harmful to our reputation, as well as our
business, results of operations or financial condition.
On June 21, 2007, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), the French securities
regulator, imposed a fine of 1.5 million (or approximately $2.0 million) against us in connection
with our trading in the shares of Vivendi Universal S.A. (Vivendi) based on confidential
information prior to a November 14, 2002 issuance of Vivendi notes which are mandatorily redeemable
for Vivendi convertible securities. We appealed this decision to the Court of Appeals (First
Chamber) in Paris and the Conseil dEtat on August 21, 2007. On November 26, 2008, the Court of
Appeals issued a ruling dismissing our appeal. The fine was paid in 2008.
On January 25, 2008, the AMF notified us of proceedings relating to GLGs trading in the
shares of Infogrames Entertainment (Infogrames) on February 8 and 9, 2006, prior to the issuance
by Infogrames on February 9, 2006 of a press release announcing poor financial results. The AMFs
decision to initiate an investigation into GLGs trades in Infogrames was based on a November 19,
2007 report prepared by the AMFs Department of Market Investigation and Supervision (the
Infogrames Report). According to the Infogrames Report, the trades challenged by the AMF
generated an unrealized capital gain for GLG as of the opening on February 10, 2006 of 179,000.
The AMF investigation of us relates solely to the conduct of a former employee; however, we were
named as the respondent. If sustained, the charge against us could give rise to an administrative
fine under French securities laws up to ten times the alleged illicit gains, as well. We filed our response to the
Infogrames Report on May 23, 2008. The matter is currently pending with the Rapporteur, who will decide based on the Infogrames Report, our response and his own investigation whether to proceed with formal charges.
As a result of regulatory actions, increased litigation in the financial services industry or
other reasons, we could be subject to civil liability, criminal liability or sanctions (including
revocation of the licenses of our employees or limited partners), censures fines, or temporary
suspension or permanent bar from conducting business. Regulatory proceedings could also result in
adverse publicity or negative perceptions regarding our business and divert managements attention
from the day-to-day management of our business. Any regulatory investigations, proceedings,
consequent liabilities or sanctions could have a material adverse effect on our business, results
of operations or financial condition.
In addition, we are exposed to risks of litigation or investigation relating to transactions
which present conflicts of interest that are not properly addressed. In such actions, we would be
obligated to bear legal, settlement and other costs (which may be in excess of available insurance
coverage). Although we would be indemnified by the GLG Funds, our rights to indemnification may be
challenged. If we are required to incur all or a portion of the costs
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arising out of litigation or investigations as a result of inadequate insurance proceeds or failure to obtain indemnification
from the GLG Funds, our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity would be
materially adversely affected. Each of the GLG Funds is structured as
a limited liability company or unit trust,
incorporated in the Cayman Islands, Ireland or Luxembourg. The laws of these jurisdictions,
particularly with respect to shareholders rights, partner rights and bankruptcy, differ from the
laws of the United States and could change, possibly to the detriment of the GLG Funds and us.
We are subject to intense competition and could lose business to our competitors.
The asset management industry is extremely competitive. Competition includes numerous
national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers, commercial bank and thrift
institutions, and other financial institutions. Many of these organizations offer products and
services that are similar to, or compete with, those offered by us and have substantially more
personnel and greater financial resources than we do. Our key areas for competition include
historical investment performance, our ability to source investment opportunities, our ability to
attract and retain the best investment professionals, quality of service, the level of fees
generated or earned by our managers and our investment managers stated investment strategy. We
also compete for investment assets with banks, insurance companies and investment companies. Our
ability to compete may be adversely affected if we underperform in comparison to relevant
benchmarks or peer groups.
The competitive market environment may result in increased pressure on revenue margins (e.g.,
by the provision of management fee rebates). Our profit margins and earnings are dependent in part
on our ability to maintain current fee levels for the products and services that we offer. In the
current environment, many competitor asset managers have experienced substantial declines in
investment performance, increased redemptions, or counterparty exposures which impair their
businesses. Some of these asset managers have reduced their fees in an attempt to avoid additional
redemptions. Competition within the alternative asset management industry could lead to pressure
on us to reduce the fees that we charge our clients for products and services. A failure to
compete effectively in this environment may result in the loss of existing clients and business,
and of opportunities to capture new business, each of which could have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Furthermore, consolidation in the asset management industry may accelerate, as many asset
managers are unable to withstand the substantial declines in investment performance, increased
redemptions, and other pressures impacting their businesses, including increased regulatory,
compliance and control requirements. Some of our competitors may acquire or combine with other
competitors. The combined business may have greater resources than we do and may be able to
compete more effectively against us and acquire rapidly significant market share.
Certain of our investment management and advisory agreements are subject to termination on short
notice.
Institutional and individual clients, and firms and agencies with which we have strategic
alliances, can terminate their relationships with us for various reasons, including unsatisfactory
investment performance, interest rate changes and financial market performance. Termination of
these relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and
financial condition. Each of the GLG Funds has appointed either GLG Partners (Cayman) Limited (in
the case of Cayman Islands funds and the Luxembourg fund) or GLG Partners Asset Management Limited
(in the case of the Irish funds) as the manager under the terms of a management agreement, which is
terminable on not less than 30 days written notice by either party
(i.e., the fund or the manager) or immediately in certain circumstances. For each GLG
Fund, the manager has appointed GLG Partners LP as investment manager under the terms of an
investment management agreement, which is terminable on not less than 30 days written notice by either party
(i.e., the manager or the investment manager) or immediately in
certain circumstances. The articles of association of each GLG Fund
generally provide
that the fund cannot terminate the management agreement unless holders of not less than 50% of the
outstanding issued share capital (or in certain GLG Funds, voting
shares) have previously voted in favor of the termination at a general
meeting of the fund.
The historical returns attributable to the GLG Funds may not be indicative of our future results or
of any returns expected on an investment in our common stock.
The historical and potential future returns of the GLG Funds are not directly linked to
returns on our capital. Therefore, you should not conclude that continued positive performance of
the GLG Funds will necessarily result in positive returns on an investment in our common stock.
However, poor performance of the GLG Funds would cause a decline in our revenue from such funds,
and would therefore have a negative effect on our performance and in all likelihood the returns on
an investment in our common stock.
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Our insurance arrangements may not be adequate to protect us.
Our business entails the risk of liability related to litigation from clients or third-party
vendors and actions taken by regulatory agencies. There can be no assurance that a claim or claims
will be covered by insurance or, if covered, will not exceed the limits of available insurance
coverage, or that any insurer will remain solvent and will meet its obligations to provide us with
coverage or that insurance coverage will continue to be available with sufficient limits at a
reasonable cost. Renewals of insurance policies may expose us to additional costs through higher premiums or the assumption of higher deductibles or co-insurance liability. The future
costs of maintaining insurance or meeting liabilities not covered by insurance could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We use substantial amounts of leverage to finance our business, which exposes us to substantial
risks.
We have used a significant amount of borrowings to finance our business operations as a public
company, including for the provision of working capital, warrant and share repurchases, making
minimum tax distributions and limited partner profit share distributions, acquisition financing and
general business purposes. This exposes us to the typical risks associated with the use of
substantial leverage, including those discussed below under Risks Related to the GLG Funds
There are risks associated with the GLG Funds use of leverage. These risks could result in an
increase in our borrowing costs and could otherwise adversely affect our business in a material
way. In addition, when our credit facilities expire, we will need to negotiate new credit
facilities with our existing lenders, replace them by entering into credit facilities with new
lenders or find other sources of liquidity, and there is no guarantee that we will be able to do so
on attractive terms or at all, particularly given the current crisis in the credit markets. See
Part I, Item 2, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter
ended March 31, 2009 for a further discussion of our liquidity.
An increase in our borrowing costs may adversely affect our earnings and liquidity.
We have borrowed an aggregate of $570.0 million under our revolving credit and term loan
facilities. When these facilities become due on November 2, 2012, we will be required to refinance
them by entering into new credit facilities or issuing debt securities, which could result in
higher borrowing costs, or issuing equity, which would dilute existing stockholders. We could also
repay some or all of the revolving credit and term loan facilities by using cash on hand or cash
from the sale of our assets provided sufficient cash and/or assets are available for such purposes.
No assurance can be given that we will be able to enter into new credit facilities or issue debt or
equity securities in the future on attractive terms, or at all, particularly given the current
crisis in the credit markets, or that we will have sufficient cash on hand to repay the revolving
credit and term loan facilities.
The term loans and revolving loans bear interest at a floating interest rate (currently 1.65%)
based on 1-month LIBOR plus the applicable margin (currently 1.25%) based on certain financial
ratios applicable to us and our consolidated subsidiaries. If certain pending amendments to the
terms of our credit facilities become effective, the applicable margin will be equal to (1) 1.50%
when interest is determined by reference to Citibanks base rate, the adjusted certificate of
deposit rate or the federal funds effective rate and (2) 2.50% when interest is determined by
reference to LIBOR, in each case, subject to certain adjustments under the Credit Agreement, and
will no longer be based on the financial ratios applicable to us and our subsidiaries. As such,
the interest expense we incur will vary with changes in the applicable base rate. An increase in
interest rates would adversely affect the market value of any fixed-rate debt investments and/or
subject them to prepayment or extension risk, which may adversely affect our earnings and
liquidity.
If we were deemed an investment company under the Investment Company Act, applicable restrictions
could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material
adverse effect on our business.
A person will generally be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment
Company Act, if:
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it is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily,
in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or |
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absent an applicable exemption, it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities
having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S.
government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. |
We believe that we are engaged primarily in the business of providing asset management and
financial advisory services and not in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in
securities. We also believe that the primary source of income from our business will be properly
characterized as income earned in exchange for the provision of services. We are an asset
management and financial advisory firm and do not propose to engage primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Accordingly, we
do not believe that we are an orthodox investment company as defined in Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the
Investment Company Act and described in the first bullet point above. Further, we have no material
assets other than our equity interests in our subsidiaries, which in turn have no material assets,
other than equity interests in other subsidiaries and inter-company debt. We do not believe our
equity interests in our subsidiaries or the equity interests of these subsidiaries in our
subsidiaries are investment securities. Moreover, because we believe that the subscriber shares in
certain GLG Funds are neither securities nor investment securities, we believe that less than 40%
of our total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated
basis are comprised of assets that could be considered investment securities. Accordingly, we do
not believe that we are an inadvertent investment company by virtue of the 40% test in Section
3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act as described in the second bullet point above.
The Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder contain detailed parameters for the
organization and operation of investment companies. Among other things, the Investment Company Act
and the rules thereunder limit prohibited transactions with affiliates, impose limitations on the
issuance of debt and equity securities, generally prohibit the issuance of options and impose
certain governance requirements. We intend to conduct our operations so that we will not be deemed
to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If anything were to happen which
would cause us to be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act,
requirements imposed by the Investment Company Act, including limitations on our capital structure,
ability to transact business with affiliates (including our subsidiaries) and ability to compensate
key employees, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as currently conducted,
impair the agreements and arrangements between and among us, our subsidiaries and our senior
managing directors, or any combination thereof, and materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may be required to limit the amount
of investments that we make as a principal or otherwise conduct our business in a manner that does
not subject us to the registration and other requirements of the Investment Company Act.
Recently, legislation was proposed in the U.S. that would subject hedge funds and private
investment funds to increased SEC regulation and oversight by removing the exceptions from the
definition of investment company typically relied upon by hedge funds to avoid any of the
requirements of the Investment Company Act and instead replacing them with exemptions from certain
of the requirements of the Investment Company Act. As a result, these hedge funds and private
investment funds would be investment companies for purposes of the Investment Company Act. The
proposed legislation would require that hedge funds or private investment funds that are
investment companies with at least $50 million in assets or AUM must meet the following
additional conditions in order to maintain the exemption under the Investment Company Act:
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registration with the SEC; |
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maintaining books and records required by the SEC; |
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cooperation with SEC examination or information requests; |
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filing of annual public information statements which would include, among other things: |
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the names and addresses of beneficial owners, any company with an ownership
interest in the fund and the funds primary accountant and primary broker; |
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an explanation of the structure of ownership in the fund; |
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a statement of any minimum required investment; |
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the total number of limited partners, members or other investors; and |
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the current value of the funds assets and AUM; and |
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the establishment of certain anti-money laundering programs, policies and procedures
that are reasonably designed to identify non-U.S. investors and their beneficial owners. |
Should this legislation be adopted, the GLG Funds may become subject to these additional
registration, reporting and other requirements. As a result, our compliance costs and burdens may
increase and the additional restrictions and requirements may constrain our ability to conduct our
business as currently conducted, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or
financial condition.
We and the GLG Funds may become subject to additional regulations which could increase the costs
and burdens of compliance or impose additional restrictions which could have a material adverse
effect on our business and the performance of the GLG Funds.
We may need to modify our strategies, businesses or operations, face increased constraints or
incur additional costs in order to satisfy new regulatory requirements or to compete in a changed
business environment.
Our business is subject to regulation by various regulatory authorities that are charged with
protecting the interests of our customers. The activities of certain GLG entities are regulated
primarily by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the United Kingdom and are also subject to
regulation in the various other jurisdictions in which it operates, including the Irish Financial
Services Regulatory Authority, the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority and the Commission de
Surveillance du Secteur Financier in Luxembourg. The activities of GLG Inc. are regulated by the
SEC following its registration as a U.S. investment adviser in January 2008. In addition, the GLG
Funds are subject to regulation in the jurisdictions in which they are organized. These and other
regulators in these jurisdictions have broad regulatory powers dealing with all aspects of
financial services including, among other things, the authority to make inquiries of companies
regarding compliance with applicable regulations, to grant and in specific circumstances to vary
or cancel permits and to regulate marketing and sales practices, advertising and the maintenance
of adequate financial resources. We are also subject to applicable anti-money laundering
regulations and net capital requirements in the jurisdictions in which we operate.
In addition, the regulatory environment in which we operate frequently changes and has seen
significant increased regulation in recent years. We may be materially adversely affected as a
result of new or revised legislation or regulations or by changes in the interpretation or
enforcement of existing laws and regulations.
Our industry has been and may continue to be subject to increased regulation and public
scrutiny. Such additional regulation could, among other things, increase our compliance costs or
limit our ability to pursue investment opportunities. Recent rulemaking by the SEC, FSA and other
regulatory authorities outside the United States and the United Kingdom, have imposed trading
restrictions and reporting requirements on short selling, which have impacted certain of the
investment strategies of the GLG Funds and managed accounts, and continued restrictions on or
further regulations of short sales could negatively impact the performance of the GLG Funds and
managed accounts.
The regulatory environment continues to be turbulent as regulators globally respond to the
financial crisis. There is an extraordinary volume of regulatory discussion papers, draft
directives and proposals being issued globally and these initiatives are not always coordinated.
Further, while all of the major reports that analyzed the crisis in-depth, including the de
Larosiere report and the Turner Review, concluded that hedge funds neither caused nor played a
significant role in the crisis, we have to be aware that hedge funds are still under the spotlight
and seem to be the subject of political and media rhetoric in Europe.
Currently, work is being undertaken by the G20, IOSCO and the Financial Stability Board. The
European Commission has issued a draft Directive on Alternative Investment Fund Managers,
recommendations on directors pay and pay for the financial services sector and proposals on
packaged retail investment products. In addition, the FSA has issued a discussion paper entitled A
Regulatory Response to the Global Banking Crisis (which accompanied the Turner Review) as well as
undertaking an exercise to collect data to assess the systemic risk that hedge funds may or may not
pose. The Bank of England is also collecting data on the systemic risk of hedge funds.
Should
we or the GLG Funds become subject to such additional regulations,
our business could
be
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significantly
curtailed and our performance may be adversely affected.
Risks Related to the GLG Funds
We currently derive our revenues from management fees and administration fees based on the value of
the assets under management in the GLG Funds and the accounts managed by us, and performance fees
based on the performance of the GLG Funds and the accounts managed by us. Our stockholders are not
investors in the GLG Funds and the accounts managed by us, but rather stockholders of an
alternative asset manager. Our revenues could be adversely affected by many factors that could
reduce assets under management or negatively impact the
performance of the GLG Funds and accounts managed by us.
Valuation methodologies for certain assets in the GLG Funds can be subject to significant
subjectivity.
In calculating the net asset values of the GLG Funds, administrators of the GLG Funds may rely
on methodologies for calculating the value of assets in which the GLG Funds invest that we or other
third parties supply. Such methodologies are advisory only but are not verified in advance by us or
any third party, and the nature of some of the funds investments is such that the methodologies
may be subject to significant subjectivity and little verification or other due diligence and may
not comply with generally accepted accounting practices or other valuation principles. Any
allegation or finding that such methodologies are or have become, in whole or in part, incorrect or
misleading could have an adverse effect on the valuation of the relevant GLG Funds and,
accordingly, on the management fees and any performance fees receivable by us in respect of such
funds.
Some of the GLG Funds and managed accounts are subject to emerging markets risks.
Some of the GLG Funds and managed accounts invest in sovereign debt issues by emerging market
countries as well as in debt and equity investments of companies and other entities in emerging
markets. Many emerging markets are developing both economically and politically and may have
relatively unstable governments and economies based on only a few commodities or industries. Many
emerging market countries do not have firmly established product markets, and companies may lack
depth of management or may be vulnerable to political or economic developments such as
nationalization of key industries. Investments in companies and other entities in emerging markets
and investments in emerging market sovereign debt may involve a high degree of risk and may be
speculative. Risks include (1) greater risk of expropriation, confiscatory taxation,
nationalization, social and political instability (including the risk of changes of government
following elections or otherwise) and economic instability; (2) the relatively small current size
of some of the markets for securities and other investments in emerging markets issuers and the
current relatively low volume of trading, resulting in lack of liquidity and in price volatility;
(3) certain national policies which may restrict a GLG Funds or a managed accounts investment
opportunities including restrictions on investing in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to
relevant national interests; (4) the absence of developed legal structures governing private or
foreign investment and private property; (5) the potential for higher rates of inflation or
hyper-inflation; (6) currency risk and the imposition, extension or continuation of foreign
exchange controls; (7) interest rate risk; (8) credit risk; (9) lower levels of democratic
accountability; (10) differences in accounting standards and auditing practices which may result in
unreliable financial information; and (11) different corporate governance frameworks. The emerging
markets risks described above increase counterparty risks for the GLG Funds and managed accounts
investing in those markets. In addition, investor risk aversion to emerging markets can have a
significant adverse affect on the value and/or liquidity of investments made in or exposed to such
markets and can accentuate any downward movement in the actual or anticipated value of such
investments which is caused by any of the factors described above.
Emerging markets are characterized by a number of market imperfections, analysis of which
requires experience in the market and a range of complementary specialist skills. These
inefficiencies include (1) the effect of politics on sovereign risk and asset price dynamics; and
(2) institutional imperfections in emerging markets, such as deficiencies in formal bureaucracies,
historical or cultural norms of behavior and access to information driving markets. While we seek
to take advantage of these market imperfections to achieve investment performance for the GLG Funds
and managed accounts, we cannot guarantee that will be able do so in the future. A failure to do so
could have a material adverse effect on our business, growth prospects, net inflows of AUM,
revenues, results of operations and/or financial condition.
Many of the GLG Funds invest in foreign countries and securities of issuers located outside of the
United States and the United Kingdom, which may involve foreign exchange, political, social and
economic uncertainties and risks.
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Many of the GLG Funds invest a portion of their assets in the equity, debt, loans or other
securities of issuers located outside the United States and the United Kingdom. In addition to
business uncertainties, such investments may be affected by changes in exchange values as well as
political, social and economic uncertainty affecting a country or region. Many financial markets
are not as developed or as efficient as those in the United States and the United Kingdom, and as a
result, liquidity may be reduced and price volatility may be higher. The legal and regulatory
environment may also be different, particularly with respect to bankruptcy and reorganization.
Financial accounting standards and practices may differ, and there may be less publicly available
information in respect of such companies.
Restrictions imposed or actions taken by foreign governments may adversely impact the value of
our fund investments. Such restrictions or actions could include exchange controls, seizure or
nationalization of foreign deposits and adoption of other governmental restrictions which adversely
affect the prices of securities or the ability to repatriate profits on investments or the capital
invested itself. Income received by the GLG Funds from sources in some countries may be reduced by
withholding and other taxes. Any such taxes paid by a GLG Fund will reduce the net income or return
from such investments. While the GLG Funds will take these factors into consideration in making
investment decisions, including when hedging positions, no assurance can be given that the GLG
Funds will be able to fully avoid these risks or generate sufficient risk-adjusted returns.
There are risks associated with the GLG Funds investments in high yield and distressed debt.
The GLG Funds may invest in obligors and issuers in weak financial condition, experiencing
poor operating results, having substantial financial needs or negative net worth, facing special
competitive problems, or in obligors and issuers that are involved in bankruptcy or reorganization
proceedings. Among the problems involved in investments in troubled obligors and issuers is the
fact that it may frequently be difficult to obtain full information as to the conditions of such
obligors and issuers. The market prices of such investments are also subject to abrupt and erratic
market movements and significant price volatility, and the spread between the bid and offer prices
of such investments may be greater than normally expected. It may take a number of years for the
market price of such investments to reflect their intrinsic value. Some of the investments held by
the GLG Funds may not be widely traded, and depending on the investment profile of a particular GLG
Fund, that funds exposure to such investments may be substantial in relation to the market for
those investments. In addition, there is no recognized market for some of the investments held in
GLG Funds, with the result that such investments are likely to be illiquid. As a result of these
factors, the investment objectives of the relevant funds may be more difficult to achieve.
Fluctuations in interest rates may significantly affect the returns derived from the GLG Funds
investments.
Fluctuations in interest rates may significantly affect the return derived from investments
within the GLG Funds, as well as the market values of, and the corresponding levels of gains or
losses on, such investments. Such fluctuations could materially adversely affect investor sentiment
towards fixed income and convertible debt instruments generally and the GLG Funds in particular and
consequently could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or
financial condition.
The GLG Funds are subject to risks due to potential illiquidity of assets.
The GLG Funds may make investments or hold trading positions in markets that are volatile and
which may become illiquid. Timely divestiture or sale of trading positions can be impaired by
decreased trading volume, increased price volatility, concentrated trading positions, limitations
on the ability to transfer positions in highly specialized or structured transactions to which it
may be a party, and changes in industry and government regulations. It may be impossible or costly
for the GLG Funds to liquidate positions rapidly in order to meet margin calls, redemption requests
or otherwise, particularly if there are other market participants seeking to dispose of similar
assets at the same time or the relevant market is otherwise moving against a position or in the
event of trading halts or daily price movement limits on the market or otherwise. Moreover, these
risks may be exacerbated for the GLG Funds that are funds of hedge funds. For example, if one of
these funds of hedge funds were to invest a significant portion of its assets in two or more hedge
funds that each had illiquid positions in the same issuer, the illiquidity risk for these funds of
hedge funds would be compounded.
There are risks associated with the GLG Funds use of leverage.
The GLG Funds have, and may in the future, use leverage by borrowing on the account of funds
on a secured and/or unsecured basis and pursuant to repurchase arrangements and/or deferred
purchase agreements.
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Leverage can also be employed in a variety of other ways including margining
(that is, an amount of cash or securities an investor deposits with a broker when borrowing to buy
investments) and the use of futures, warrants, options and other derivative products. Generally,
leverage is used with the intention of increasing the overall level of investment in a fund. Higher
investment levels may offer the potential for higher returns. This exposes investors to increased
risk as leverage can increase the funds market exposure and volatility. For instance, a purchase
or sale of a leveraged investment may result in losses in excess of the amount initially deposited
as margin for the investment. This increased market exposure and volatility could have a material
adverse effect on the return of the funds.
In the current tight credit environment, the GLG Funds and accounts we manage may not be able to
obtain credit for leveraging or hedging purposes at the same level or cost as they have in the
past, which could have a material adverse effect on the performance of the GLG Funds and managed accounts.
Following the failure of Lehman Brothers and the acquisitions of Bear Stearns and Merrill
Lynch, there has been a significant consolidation in the financial services industry and there are
fewer prime brokers available to service hedge funds and other investment funds. The remaining
prime brokers are reducing significantly the amount of credit available to such funds, including
the GLG Funds and managed accounts, for leveraging or hedging purposes or imposing stricter margin
and other terms on such borrowings. As a result, the GLG Funds and managed accounts may not be
able to employ leveraging or hedging strategies to the same degree as in the past to increase the
overall level of investments in the funds to generate higher returns or to use futures, warrants,
options and other derivative products to hedge those investments. In addition, the increased
financing costs of employing such leveraging or hedging strategies may partially or entirely offset
any potential performance gains to be derived from the leveraging or hedging strategy employed by
the GLG Funds and managed accounts. These limitations and costs could have a material adverse
effect on the returns generated by the GLG Funds and managed accounts.
In addition, the special assets vehicles into which certain private placement and other not
readily realizable investments in the portfolios of several of the GLG Funds were contributed may
not be able to obtain credit to implement hedging strategies with regard to these investments to
the same extent as when these investments formed part of the portfolios of the main GLG Funds. The
inability to hedge these investments could negatively impact the investment returns obtained by the
special assets vehicles. Previously, when these investments were included in the broader portfolio
of a particular GLG Fund, the GLG Fund was able to borrow against those investments in order to
implement its leveraging and hedging strategies.
There are risks associated with the GLG Funds investments in derivatives.
The GLG Funds may make investments in derivatives. These investments are subject to a variety
of risks. Examples of such risks may include, but are not limited to:
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limitation of risk assessment methodologies. Decisions to enter into these derivatives
and other securities contracts will be based on estimates of returns and probabilities of
loss derived from our own calculations and analysis. There can be no assurance that the
estimates or the methodologies, or the assumptions which underlie such estimates and
methodologies, will turn out to be valid or appropriate; |
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risks underlying the derivative and securities contracts. A general rise in the
frequency, occurrence or severity of certain non-financial risks such as accidents and/or
natural catastrophes will lead to a general decrease in the returns and the possibility of
returns from these derivatives and securities contracts, which will not be reflected in
the methodology or assumption underlying the analysis of any specific derivative or
securities contract; and |
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particular risks. The particular instruments in which we will invest on behalf of the
GLG Funds may produce an unusually and unexpectedly high amount of losses, which will not
be reflected in the methodology or assumptions underlying the analysis of any specific
derivative or securities contract. |
The GLG Funds and accounts we manage are subject to risks in using prime brokers, custodians,
administrators and other agents.
All of the GLG Funds and managed accounts depend on the services of prime brokers, custodians,
administrators and other agents and third parties in connection with certain securities
transactions. As a result of ongoing consolidation in the financial services industry, our access
to certain financial intermediaries, such as prime
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brokers or trading counterparties, may be reduced or eliminated. This may reduce our ability to diversify the exposures of the GLG Funds and
managed accounts to these intermediaries which may increase operational risks or transaction costs,
which may result in lower investment performance by the GLG Funds and managed accounts. In
addition, the smaller number of service providers may result in tighter terms for transactions with
the GLG Funds and managed accounts and the loss of specialized expertise with certain products used
by the GLG Funds and managed accounts.
Following the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the GLG Funds and several GLG clients with managed
accounts have claims as creditors and/or as trust asset claimants against Lehman Brothers
International (Europe) (LBIE) and, in some cases, other Lehman Brothers entities. These claims
will likely take an extended period of time to resolve and, in some cases, may remain unsatisfied.
There are also a number of open factual and legal issues surrounding such claims.
On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (the ultimate parent company of the UK
Lehman Brothers firms) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States and LBIE, the principal
European broker-dealer for the Lehman Brothers group, was placed into administration by order of
the English court. Lehman Brothers prime brokerage unit in the United Kingdom was one of the
business groups forming part of LBIE. Other Lehman Brothers entities have also filed for or
commenced insolvency-related proceedings, including Lehman Brothers Inc. (LBI), Lehman Brothers
U.S. broker-dealer.
Nearly all of the GLG Funds and several of the GLG institutional managed accounts at that time
utilized LBIE as a prime broker. All of the GLG Funds and managed accounts at that time had LBIE,
and a small number of GLG Funds and managed accounts had LBI, as a trading counterparty. In
addition, all of GLGs private client managed accounts at that time used LBIE, and a small number
of GLGs private clients additionally used LBI, as a custodian and broker for their accounts.
As a consequence of LBIE being in administration, the GLG Funds and, to the best of our
knowledge, the managed accounts which used LBIE as a prime broker, have been unable to access their
assets, including all securities and cash, deposited with LBIE. In addition, the appointment of the
joint administrators in respect of LBIE triggered defaults under certain agreements between each
GLG Fund and LBIE, including certain trading agreements, resulting in either (i) automatic
termination of these agreements or (ii) the entitlement of the relevant GLG Fund to terminate the
relevant agreement. The GLG Funds have in general elected to terminate their agreements with LBIE
to quantify amounts owing to and from LBIE under trading agreements, reduce market risks, reduce
exposure to a net amount, limit LBIEs rights and/or crystallize rights and obligations between the
parties with a view to allowing LBIE to release assets, among other factors.
The net direct exposure of each GLG Fund to LBIE and the other entities in the Lehman Brothers
group is reflected in the net asset value of each fund and carried at fair value. The fair value
of the exposure is determined on the basis of the best information available to us from time to
time, legal and professional advice obtained for the purpose of determining the rights and
obligations of each GLG Fund, and on the basis of a number of assumptions which we believe to be
reasonable, including that:
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amounts which LBIE was required to treat as client money under the rules of the U.K.
Financial Services Authority and not use in the course of its business were and are, in
fact, so held, and that any shortfall in recoveries of client monies will not exceed
reserves established to date by the GLG Funds; |
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even though LBIE or its affiliates may be entitled to withhold assets to satisfy any
net indebtedness owed to them, there will be no material shortfall in the recovery of
assets held on trust by LBIE as a custodian, or by LBI as a sub-custodian for LBIE, or by
any other sub-custodian appointed by LBIE with regard to the assets of a GLG Fund; |
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the information we have received to date from the administrators of LBIE in relation to
the re-hypothecation of GLG Fund assets by LBIE is true and accurate; |
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unsettled transactions between GLG Funds and LBIE at the time LBIE entered into
administration proceedings will be determined on the basis of a cash settlement of those
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contractual agreements between the affected GLG Fund and LBIE,
or cancelled, in each case, as determined by us; |
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the cash settlement amounts for terminated over-the-counter derivatives and other
transactions will be as determined by us in accordance with contractual documentation; |
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the recovery on amounts estimated to be unsecured claims against LBIE will not be
materially greater or lesser than currently estimated by the GLG Funds; and |
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there are no other facts or factors, which if known to us, would lead us to conclude
that the business of LBIE was conducted otherwise than in accordance with the contractual
documentation or that any of our assumptions is incorrect. |
The fair value of the exposure is reviewed regularly, including the assumptions, with the
relevant GLG Funds directors, independent administrator and independent auditors, and updated as
necessary.
It has not been possible, thus far, to obtain any meaningful visibility or transparency from
Lehman Brothers or the PricewaterhouseCoopers administrators appointed in respect of LBIE in
relation to the actual location and status of custody assets. It is not possible to say with
certainty if or when these assets will be returned to the GLG Funds, whether the above assumptions
will be validated, or whether the size of the GLG Funds apparent entitlement should be adjusted
upwards or downwards. It is possible that, in respect of some or all of the long positions, the GLG
Funds will not receive the return of assets from Lehman Brothers and may instead be exposed as a
general creditor of one or more of the insolvent Lehman Brothers entities. Accordingly, until we
are able to fully reconcile our information and assumptions with the administrators of LBIE and/or
resolve any outstanding commercial and legal disagreement or uncertainties with LBIE, these
estimates could change or the assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and the estimated exposure of
the GLG Funds could be materially greater or lesser.
We are unable to estimate the exposure our institutional managed accounts have to LBIE as a
prime broker because the clients in these cases maintain the relationships with their third party
service providers, such as prime brokers, custodians and administrators, nor do we have access to
the terms of their agreements with LBIE or know the extent of exposure these clients may have to
LBIE outside of our managed account.
As a consequence of the administration of LBIE and the liquidation proceedings under the
Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, as amended, of LBI, our private clients have been
unable to access their assets, including all securities and cash, in their respective accounts with
LBIE or LBI managed by us. To the extent our private clients assets constitute securities held in
custody by LBIE or LBI, we believe the clients should recover these securities to the extent these
securities do not collateralize amounts owing by our clients to LBIE or LBI. To the extent our
private clients assets constitute cash held by LBIE as client money, we believe the clients should
recover in the same proportion as all LBIE clients recover client money, with any shortfall
possibly (but we cannot say with certainty) resulting in an unsecured claim against the LBIE
estate. To the extent private clients are owed amounts under trading contracts with LBIE or LBI, we
believe such amounts will constitute unsecured claims against LBIE or LBI, as the case may be.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the position of any individual private client will depend on the
facts and circumstances surrounding such private clients claims, as well as their particular legal
rights and obligations pursuant to their agreements with LBIE or LBI.
The GLG Funds have, in the aggregate, recognized losses as a result of the foregoing and, the
GLG Funds and managed accounts may incur additional losses if our estimates change and/or the
assumptions we have made or outside opinions we have obtained prove incorrect. In any event, the
GLG Funds and managed accounts will suffer substantial delay before there is a final resolution as
to exposure and the ultimate recovery. If our clients, including the GLG Funds, do not fully
recover their assets, suffer losses or substantial delays, they might redeem their investments,
lose confidence in us and or make claims against us, our affiliates and/or the GLG Funds.
The GLG Funds and accounts we manage are subject to counterparty risk with regard to
over-the-counter instruments and other swap or hedging transactions. The actual or perceived
weakness of counterparties could increase the exposure of the GLG Funds and managed accounts to
these counterparty and credit risks.
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In light of the current instability of the financial markets, the GLG Funds and managed
accounts also face the increased risk of potential bankruptcies or significant credit deterioration
of major financial institutions, including prime brokers, custodians and other agents, some of
which have substantial relationships with the GLG Funds and managed accounts, increasing exposure
to the related counterparty risks. Furthermore, the combinations of financial service firms
announced in the third and fourth quarters of 2008 have increased the concentration of counterparty
risk for the GLG Funds and managed accounts. The credit quality of these exposures may be affected
by many factors, such as economic and business conditions or deterioration in the financial
condition of an individual counterparty, group of counterparties or asset classes. Difficulties of
this nature affecting counterparties have the potential to result in significant exposures, whether
counterparty, credit or otherwise, for the GLG Funds and managed accounts and negatively impact our
business and results of operations.
In the event of the insolvency of any counterparty or any prime broker or custodian, the GLG
Funds and managed accounts may only rank as unsecured creditors in respect of sums due to them or
may be exposed to the under-segregation of assets, fraud or other factors which may result in the
recovery of less than all of the property of the GLG Funds or managed accounts than was held in
custody or safekeeping. Any losses will be borne by the GLG Funds and managed accounts and there
could be a substantial delay in recovering these assets. In addition, cash held by the GLG Funds
and managed accounts with a prime broker or custodian may not be segregated from the prime brokers
or custodians own cash, and the GLG Funds and managed accounts may therefore rank as unsecured
creditors in relation thereto. Defaults by, or even rumors or questions about, the solvency of
counterparties with which we execute transactions on behalf of the GLG Funds and managed accounts
may increase operational risks or transaction costs, which may result in lower investment
performance by the GLG Funds and managed accounts.
The GLG Funds and managed accounts may also enter into currency, interest rate, total return
or other swaps which may be surrogates for other instruments such as currency forwards and interest
rate options. The value of such instruments, which generally depends upon price movements in the
underlying assets as well as counterparty risk, will influence the performance of the GLG Funds and
managed accounts and, therefore, a decrease in the value of such instruments could have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. In particular,
certain GLG Funds frequently trade in debt securities and other obligations, either directly or on
an assignment basis. Consequently, those GLG Funds will be subject to risk of default by the
debtor or obligor in relation to their debt securities and other obligations, which could result in
lower investment performance by those GLG Funds and have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations or financial condition.
The GLG Funds and managed accounts are subject to systemic risk due to the interconnectedness and
recent consolidation of financial institutions as the failure of any one institution may expose the
GLG Funds and managed accounts to risk of loss.
The financial markets generally are characterized by extensive interconnections among
financial institutions. These interconnections present significant risks to the GLG Funds and
managed accounts as the failure or perceived weakness of any counterparties has the potential to
expose the GLG Funds and managed accounts to risk of loss. Financial institutions, including
banks, broker-dealers and insurance companies, have historically been the most significant
counterparties of the GLG Funds and managed accounts. Credit risk may arise through a default by
one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or
operational needs, so that a default by one institution causes a series of defaults by the other
institutions. This systemic risk may adversely affect the financial intermediaries (such as
clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges) with which the GLG Funds
and managed accounts interact on a daily basis.
Concerns of counterparties about the financial strength of the GLG Funds and managed accounts may
impact their willingness to enter into transactions with the GLG Funds and managed accounts.
If the GLG Funds and managed accounts experience diminished financial strength or stability,
actual or perceived, including due to market or regulatory developments, business developments or
results of operations, counterparties may become less willing to enter into transactions with the
GLG Funds and managed accounts or our ability to enter into financial transactions on behalf of the
GLG Funds and managed accounts on terms acceptable to us may be materially compromised.
GLG Fund investments are subject to numerous additional risks.
GLG Fund investments, including investments by its external fund of hedge
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funds products in other hedge funds, are subject to numerous additional risks, including the following:
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certain of the GLG Funds are newly established funds without any operating history or
are managed by management companies or general partners who do not have a significant
track record as an independent manager; |
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generally, there are few limitations on the execution of the GLG Funds investment
strategies, which are subject to the sole discretion of the management company of such
funds; |
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the GLG Funds may engage in short-selling, which is subject to the theoretically
unlimited risk of loss because there is no limit on how much the price of a security may
appreciate before the short position is closed out. A GLG Fund may be subject to losses if a security lender demands return of the
lent securities and an alternative lending source cannot be found or if the GLG Fund is
otherwise unable to borrow securities that are necessary to hedge its positions; |
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credit risk may arise through a default by one of several large institutions that are
dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default
by one institution causes a series of defaults by the other institutions. This systemic
risk may adversely affect the financial intermediaries (such as clearing agencies,
clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges) with which the GLG Funds interact
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the efficacy of investment and trading strategies depends largely on the ability to
establish and maintain an overall market position in a combination of financial
instruments. Trading orders may not be executed in a timely and efficient manner due to
various circumstances, including systems failures or human error. In such event, the GLG
Funds might only be able to acquire some but not all of the components of the position, or
if the overall position were to need adjustment, the GLG Funds might not be able to make
such adjustment. As a result, the GLG Funds would not be able to achieve the market
position selected by the management company or general partner of such funds, and might
incur a loss in liquidating their position; and |
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the investments held by the GLG Funds are subject to risks relating to investments in
commodities, equities, bonds, futures, options and other derivatives, the prices of which
are highly volatile and may be subject to the theoretically unlimited risk of loss in
certain circumstances, including if the fund writes a call option. Price movements of
commodities, futures and options contracts and payments pursuant to swap agreements are
influenced by, among other things, interest rates, credit market conditions, changing
supply and demand relationships, trade, fiscal, monetary and exchange control programs and
policies of governments and national and international political and economic events and
policies. The value of futures, options and swap agreements also depends upon the price of
the commodities underlying them. In addition, the assets of the GLG Funds are subject to
the risk of the failure of any of the exchanges on which their positions trade or of their
clearinghouses or counterparties. Most U.S. commodities exchanges limit fluctuations in
certain commodity interest prices during a single day by imposing daily price fluctuation
limits or daily limits, the existence of which may reduce liquidity or effectively
curtail trading in particular markets. |
The due diligence process that we undertake in connection with investments by the GLG Funds may not
reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment.
Before making investments, we conduct due diligence that we deem reasonable and appropriate
based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. When conducting due diligence,
we may be required to evaluate important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting,
environmental and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants and investment
banks may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of
investment. Nevertheless, when conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an
investment, we rely on the resources available to us, including information provided by the target
of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. The due diligence
investigation that we carry out with respect to any investment opportunity may not reveal or
highlight certain facts that could
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adversely affect the value of the investment.
The GLG Funds make investments in companies that the GLG Funds do not control.
Investments by most of the GLG Funds include debt instruments and equity securities of
companies that the GLG Funds do not control. Such instruments and securities may be acquired by the
GLG Funds through trading activities or through purchases of securities from the issuer. These
investments are subject to the risk that the company in which the investment is made may make
business, financial or management decisions with which we do not agree or that the majority
stakeholders or the management of the company may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does
not serve our interests. If any of the foregoing were to occur, the values of investments by the
GLG Funds could decrease and our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow could
suffer as a result.
Risk management activities may adversely affect the return on the GLG Funds investments.
When managing their exposure to market risks, the GLG Funds may from time to time use forward
contracts, options, swaps, credit default swaps, caps, collars and floors or pursue other
strategies or use other forms of derivative instruments to limit our exposure to changes in the
relative values of investments that may result from market developments, including changes in
prevailing interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The success of any hedging
or other derivative transactions generally will depend on the ability to correctly predict market
changes, the degree of correlation between price movements of a derivative instrument, the position
being hedged, the creditworthiness of the counterparty and other factors. As a result, while the
GLG Funds may enter into a transaction in order to reduce their exposure to market risks, the
transaction may result in poorer overall investment performance than if it had not been executed.
Such transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of a hedged position
increases.
The GLG Funds may be subject to U.K. tax if we do not qualify for the U.K. Investment Manager
Exemption.
Certain of the GLG Funds may, under U.K. tax legislation, be regarded as carrying on a trade
in the United Kingdom through their investment manager, GLG Partners LP. It is our intention to
organize our affairs such that neither the investment manager nor the group companies that are
partners in the investment manager constitute a U.K. branch or permanent establishment of the GLG
Funds by reason of exemptions provided by Section 127 of the Finance Act 1995 and Schedule 26 of
the Finance Act 2003. These exemptions, which apply in respect of income tax and corporation tax
respectively, are substantially similar and are each often referred to as the Investment Manager
Exemption (IME).
We cannot assure you that the conditions of the IME will be met at all times in respect of
every fund. Failure to qualify for the IME in respect of a fund could subject the fund to U.K. tax
liability, which, if not paid, would become the liability of GLG Partners LP, as investment
manager. This U.K. tax liability could be substantial.
In organizing our affairs such that we are able to meet the IME conditions, we will take
account of a statement of practice published by the U.K. tax authorities that sets out their
interpretation of the law. A revised version of this statement was published on July 20, 2007. The
revised statement applies with immediate effect, but under grandfathering provisions we may follow
the original statement in respect of the GLG Funds until December 31, 2009 and, therefore, the
revised statement has no impact until 2010. Furthermore, we believe that the changes in practice
that have been introduced will not have a material impact on our ability to meet the IME conditions
in respect of the GLG Funds.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Since our principal operations are located in the United Kingdom, we may encounter risks specific
to companies located outside the United States.
Since our principal operations are located in the United Kingdom, we are exposed to additional
risks that could negatively impact our future results of operations, including but not limited to:
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regulations related to customs and import/export matters; |
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tax issues, such as tax law changes and variations in tax laws as compared to the
United States; |
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cultural differences; and |
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foreign exchange controls. |
We are a controlled company within the meaning of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and, as a
result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance standards, which may
limit the presence of independent directors on our board of directors or board committees.
Our Principals, the trustees of their respective trusts (the Trustees) and certain of the
equity holders of the entities acquired in the Acquisition (the GLG Shareowners) who have entered
into a voting agreement beneficially own shares of our common stock and Series A voting preferred
stock which collectively represent approximately 52% of our voting power. Accordingly, they have
the ability to elect our board of directors and thereby control our management and affairs.
Therefore, we are a controlled company for purposes of Section 303(A) of the NYSE
Listed Company Manual.
As a controlled company, we are exempt from certain governance requirements otherwise
required by the NYSE, including the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance
committee. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an
individual, a group or another company is a controlled company and is exempt from certain
corporate governance requirements, including requirements that (1) a majority of the board of
directors consist of independent directors, (2) compensation of officers be determined or
recommended to the board of directors by a majority of its independent directors or by a
compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors and (3) director nominees
be selected or recommended for selection by a majority of the independent directors or by a
nominating committee composed solely of independent directors. We utilize some of these exemptions.
For example, we do not have a nominating committee. Accordingly, the procedures for approving
significant corporate decisions can be determined by directors who have a direct or indirect
interest in the matters and you do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of other
companies that are required to comply with the rules of the NYSE. In addition, our board of
directors currently consists of 50% of independent directors in reliance on the exemption from the
majority independent director requirement.
Because of their ownership of approximately 52% of our voting power, our Principals, their
Trustees and certain other GLG Shareowners are also able to determine the outcome of all matters
requiring stockholder approval (other than those requiring a super-majority vote) and are able to
cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of
directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. In addition, because they
collectively may determine the outcome of a stockholder vote, they could deprive stockholders of an
opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company, and that voting
control could ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.
Certain provisions in our organizational documents and Delaware law make it difficult for someone
to acquire control of us.
Provisions in our organizational documents make it more difficult and expensive for a third
party to acquire control of us even if a change of control would be beneficial to the interests of
our stockholders. For example, our organizational documents require advance notice for proposals by
stockholders and nominations, place limitations on convening stockholder meetings and authorize the
issuance of preferred shares that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover
attempt. In addition, our organizational documents require the affirmative vote of at least 66-2/3%
of the combined voting power of all outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote
generally, voting together as a single class, to adopt, alter, amend or repeal our by-laws; remove
a director (other than directors elected by a series of our preferred stock, if any, entitled to
elect a class of directors) from office, with or without cause; and amend, alter or repeal certain
provisions of our certificate of incorporation which require a stockholder vote higher than a
majority vote, including the amendment provision itself, or to adopt any provision inconsistent
with those provisions.
Because of their ownership of approximately 52% of the our voting power, the Principals, their
Trustees and certain other GLG Shareowners are able to determine the outcome of all matters
requiring stockholder approval (other than those requiring a super-majority vote) and are able to
cause or prevent a change of control of our company or a change in the composition of our board of
directors, and could preclude any unsolicited acquisition of our company. Certain provisions of
Delaware law may also delay or prevent a transaction that could cause a change
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in our control. The market price of our shares could be adversely affected to the extent that the Principals control
over us, as well as provisions of our organizational documents, discourage potential takeover
attempts that our stockholders may favor.
An active market for our common stock may not develop.
Our common stock is currently listed on the NYSE and trades under the symbol GLG. However,
we cannot assure you a regular trading market of our shares will develop on the NYSE or elsewhere
or, if developed, that any market will be sustained. Accordingly, we cannot assure you of the
likelihood that an active trading market for our shares will develop or be maintained, the
liquidity of any trading market, your ability to sell your shares when desired, or at all, or the
prices that you may obtain for your shares.
The value of our common stock and warrants may be adversely affected by market volatility.
Since the Acquisition, the market prices of our shares of common stock and warrants have
experienced significant volatility and depreciation and they may continue to be subject to wide
fluctuations or further declines. In addition, the trading volume in our shares and warrants may
fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market prices of our shares and
warrants decline significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares and warrants at or above
your purchase price, if at all. We cannot assure you that the market price of our shares and
warrants will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. Some of the factors that could
negatively affect the price of our shares and warrants or result in fluctuations in the price or
trading volume of our shares and warrants include:
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variations in our quarterly operating results or dividends; |
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failure to meet analysts earnings estimates or failure to meet, or the lowering of,
our own earnings guidance; |
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publication of research reports about us or the investment management industry or the
failure of securities analysts to cover our shares; |
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additions or departures of the Principals and other key personnel; |
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adverse market reaction to any indebtedness we may incur or securities we may issue in
the future; |
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actions by stockholders; |
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changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
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speculation in the press or investment community; |
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changes or proposed changes in laws or regulations or differing interpretations thereof
affecting our business or enforcement of these laws and regulations, or announcements
relating to these matters; |
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adverse publicity about the asset management industry generally or individual scandals,
specifically; and |
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general market and economic conditions, including the substantial volatility
experienced in the financial markets in September 2008 and following months. |
If prevailing market and business conditions or similar ones continue to exist or worsen, we
could experience continuing or adverse effects on our business, results of operations or financial
condition, which could significantly depress the trading price of our common stock.
We have announced that we do not intend to pay, and may not be able to pay in the future, dividends
on our common stock.
As a holding company, our ability to pay dividends is subject to the ability of our
subsidiaries to provide
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cash to us. We intend to distribute dividends to our stockholders and/or repurchase our common stock at such time and in such amounts to be determined by our board of
directors. Accordingly, we expect to cause our subsidiaries to make distributions to their
stockholders or partners, as applicable, in an amount sufficient to enable us to pay such dividends
to our stockholders or make such repurchases, as applicable; however, no assurance can be given
that such distributions or stock repurchases will or can be made. Our board can reduce or eliminate
our dividend, or decide not to repurchase our common stock, at any time, in its discretion. For
example, in December 2008, in light of the existing economic environment, our board determined not
to continue paying a regular dividend on its common stock in order to retain capital. The board
will consider re-establishing the regular quarterly dividend as well as the payment of a special
dividend as and when it determines appropriate in the future. Our subsidiaries will be required to
make minimum tax distributions and intend to make limited partner profit share distributions to our
key personnel pursuant to our limited partner profit share arrangement prior to distributing
dividends to our stockholders or repurchasing our common stock. If our subsidiaries have
insufficient funds to make these distributions, we may have to borrow funds or sell assets, which
could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition. In addition, our
subsidiaries earnings may be insufficient to enable them to make required minimum tax
distributions or intended limited partner profit share distributions to their stockholders, partners or
members, as applicable, because, among other things, our subsidiaries may not have sufficient
capital surplus to pay dividends or make distributions under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization or may not satisfy regulatory requirements of capital adequacy,
including the regulatory capital requirements of the FSA in the United Kingdom or the Financial
Groups Directive of the European Community. We will also be restricted from paying dividends or
making stock repurchases under our credit facility in the event of a default or if we are required
to make mandatory prepayment of principal thereunder.
To complete the Acquisition, we incurred a large amount of debt, which will limit our ability to
fund general corporate requirements and obtain additional financing, limit our flexibility in
responding to business opportunities and competitive developments and increase our vulnerability to
adverse economic and industry conditions.
We have incurred $570.0 million of indebtedness to finance the Acquisition, transaction costs,
deferred underwriting fees and our operations. As a result of the substantial fixed costs
associated with these debt obligations, we expect that:
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a decrease in revenues will result in a disproportionately greater percentage decrease
in earnings; |
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we may not have sufficient liquidity to fund all of these fixed costs if our revenues
decline or costs increase; |
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we may have to use our working capital to fund these fixed costs instead of funding
general corporate requirements, including capital expenditures; and |
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we may not have sufficient liquidity to respond to business opportunities, competitive
developments and adverse economic conditions. |
These debt obligations may also impair our ability to obtain additional financing, if needed,
and our flexibility in the conduct of our business. Moreover, the terms of our indebtedness
restrict our ability to take certain actions, including the incurrence of additional indebtedness,
mergers and acquisitions, investments at the parent company level and asset sales. Our ability to
pay the fixed costs associated with our debt obligations depends on our operating performance and
cash flow, which will in turn depend on general economic conditions. A failure to pay interest or
indebtedness when due could result in a variety of adverse consequences, including the acceleration
of our indebtedness. In such a situation, it is unlikely that we would be able to fulfill our
obligations under or repay the accelerated indebtedness or otherwise cover our fixed costs.
In addition, we are bound by certain financial covenants relating to our debt obligations.
These financial covenants require that we have fee paying AUM on December 31, 2008 of at least $15
billion, which is tested annually on December 31 and increases $500 million per year until 2012,
and that we maintain at the end of each fiscal quarter a leverage ratio of not more than 4.5:1,
which is calculated on the basis of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and
amortization on a last twelve months basis. While we were in compliance with these financial
covenants as of the applicable dates, there can be no assurance that we will continue to be able to
comply with these covenants in the future. Failure to comply with these financial covenants could
result in adverse
74
consequences, including the acceleration of our indebtedness. Factors that may
affect our ability to comply with these financial covenants include:
|
|
|
the performance of the GLG Funds prior to the end of each relevant measurement period; |
|
|
|
|
future net inflows and outflows; |
|
|
|
|
currency movements principally Euro versus the U.S. dollar; and, |
|
|
|
|
the level of our cash compensation and general and administration expenses. |
Upon the effectiveness of certain pending amendments to the terms of our credit facility the
financial covenants will be eliminated and will no longer be applicable to us or our consolidated
subsidiaries.
As a result of the Acquisition, we incur significant non-cash amortization charges related to
equity-based compensation expense associated with the vesting of certain equity-based awards, which reduces our
net income and may result in further net losses.
Compensation and benefits post-acquisition reflect the amortization of a significant non-cash
equity-based compensation expense associated with the vesting of equity-based awards over the next
four years. The compensation and benefits expense relates to the 10,000,000 shares of our common
stock issued for the benefit of our employees, service providers and certain key personnel under
our 2007 Restricted Stock Plan; 33,000,000 shares of our common stock and $150 million in cash and
promissory notes issued for the benefit of certain of our key personnel participating in our equity
participation plan; and 77,604,988 shares of common stock and 58,904,993 exchangeable Class B
ordinary shares of FA Sub 2 Limited, our wholly owned subsidiary, subject to an agreement among our
principals and trustees. These shares are subject to certain vesting and forfeiture provisions, and
the related share-based compensation expenses are being recognized on a straight-line basis over
the requisite service period. This treatment under GAAP reduces our net income and may result in
further net losses in future periods.
Fulfilling our obligations as a public company will be expensive and time consuming.
As a public company, we are required to prepare and file periodic and other reports with the
SEC under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and to comply with other requirements of U.S.
federal securities laws, such as establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures
and internal control over financial reporting as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002. In addition, under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the related rules and regulations
of the SEC, as well as the rules of the NYSE, we are required to maintain certain corporate
governance practices and to adhere to a variety of reporting requirements and accounting rules.
Compliance with these obligations requires significant time and resources from our management and
our finance and accounting staff, may require additional staffing and infrastructure and will make
some activities more time consuming and costly. We incur significant legal, accounting, insurance
and financial costs as a public company. As a result of the increased costs associated with being a
public company, our operating income as a percentage of revenue is likely to be lower.
The failure to address actual or perceived conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the
investment by the Principals and other key personnel of at least 50% of the after-tax cash proceeds
they received in the Acquisition in GLG Funds, may damage our reputation and materially adversely
affect our business.
As a result of the $311 million of net AUM that the Principals, the Trustees and certain key
personnel have invested in the GLG Funds as of March 31, 2009, other investors in the GLG Funds may
perceive conflicts of interest regarding investments in the GLG Funds in which the Principals, the
Trustees and other key personnel are personally invested. Actual or perceived conflicts of
interests could give rise to investor dissatisfaction or litigation and our reputation could be
damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with these conflicts of interest.
Investor dissatisfaction or litigation in connection with conflicts of interest could materially
adversely affect our reputation and our business in a number of ways, including as a result of
redemptions by investors from the GLG Funds and a reluctance of counterparties do business with us.
We may choose to redeem our outstanding warrants at a time that is disadvantageous to our warrant
holders.
We may redeem the warrants issued as a part of our publicly traded units and the co-investment
warrants at
75
any time beginning December 21, 2007, in whole and not in part, at a price of $0.01 per
warrant, upon a minimum of 30 days prior written notice of redemption, if and only if, the last
sales price of our common stock equals or exceeds $14.25 per share for any 20 trading days within a
30-trading day period ending three business days before we send the notice of redemption.
Redemption of the warrants could force the warrant holders (1) to exercise the warrants and pay the
exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous for the holders to do so, (2) to
sell the warrants at the then current market price when they might otherwise wish to hold the
warrants or (3) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the warrants are called
for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the warrants.
Our outstanding warrants may be exercised in the future, which would increase the number of shares
eligible for future resale in the public market and result in dilution to our stockholders. This
might have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Excluding 12,000,003 warrants beneficially owned by our founders and their affiliates, which
are not currently exercisable, as of May 7, 2009, there were 42,484,674 outstanding warrants to
purchase shares of common stock, which were exercisable beginning on December 21, 2007. These
warrants would only be exercised if the $7.50 per share exercise price is below the market price of our common stock. To the extent
they are exercised, additional shares of our common stock will be issued, which will result in
dilution to our stockholders and increase the number of shares eligible for resale in the public
market. Sales of substantial numbers of such shares in the public market could adversely affect the
market price of our shares.
Risks Related to Taxation
Our effective income tax rate depends on various factors and may increase as our business expands
into countries with higher tax rates or as we repatriate more profits to the U.S.
There can be no assurance that we will continue to have a low effective income tax rate. We
are a U.S. corporation that is subject to the U.S. corporate income tax on its taxable income. Our
low effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the asset basis step-up resulting from the GLG
acquisition and the associated 15-year goodwill amortization deduction for U.S. tax purposes. Going
forward, our effective income tax rate will be a function of our overall earnings, the income tax
rates in the jurisdictions in which our entities do business, the type and relative amount of
income earned by our entities in these jurisdictions and the timing and amount of repatriation of
profits back to the United States in the form of dividends. We expect that our effective income tax
rate may increase as our business expands into countries with higher tax rates. In addition,
allocation of income among business activities and entities is subject to detailed and complex
rules and depends on the facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that the facts and
circumstances or the rules will not change from year to year or that taxing authorities will not be
able to successfully challenge such allocations.
U.S. persons who own 10% or more of our voting stock may be subject to higher U.S. tax rates on a
sale of the stock.
U.S. persons who hold 10% or more (actually and/or constructively) of the total combined
voting power of all classes of our voting stock may on the sale of the stock be subject to U.S. tax
at ordinary income tax rates (rather than at capital gain tax rates) on the portion of their
taxable gain attributed to undistributed offshore earnings. This would be the result if we are
treated (for U.S. federal income tax purposes) as principally availed to hold the stock of foreign
corporation(s) and the stock ownership in us satisfies the stock ownership test for determining
controlled foreign corporation (CFC) status (determined as if we were a foreign corporation). A
foreign corporation is a CFC if, for an uninterrupted period of 30 days or more during any taxable
year, more than 50% of its stock (by vote or value) is owned by 10% U.S. Shareholders. A U.S.
person is a 10% U.S. Shareholder if such person owns (actually and/or constructively) 10% or more
of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote of such corporation. As
of the end of 2008, approximately 31% of our stock is treated as directly or constructively owned
by 10% U.S. Shareholders. Therefore, any U.S. person who considers acquiring (directly, indirectly
and/or constructively) 10% or more of our outstanding stock should first consult with his or her
tax advisor.
Our U.K. tax liability will be higher if the interest expense incurred by our subsidiary FA Sub 3
Limited cannot be fully utilized for U.K. tax purposes.
Our subsidiary FA Sub 3 Limited incurred debt to finance the GLG acquisition and is claiming a
deduction
76
for U.K. tax purposes for the interest expense incurred on such debt. If the interest expense incurred by FA Sub 3 Limited cannot be fully utilized for U.K. tax purposes against U.K.
income, our U.K. tax liability might increase significantly. See also Our tax position might
change as a result of a change in tax laws. below for a discussion of U.K. government proposals on
interest deductibility.
Recent changes in U.K. tax laws may impact our ability to recruit, maintain and motivate our
current and future personnel working in the United Kingdom.
As a result of recent proposed increases in the marginal rates of taxation in the United
Kingdom, in order to recruit and retain future and existing personnel working in the United
Kingdom, we may need to increase the level of compensation that we pay to them. This may result in
an increase in our total employee compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of our total
revenue and adversely affect our profitability.
Our tax position might change as a result of a change in tax laws.
Since we operate our business in the United Kingdom, the United States and internationally, we
are subject to many different tax laws. Tax laws (and the interpretations of tax laws by taxing
authorities) are subject to frequent change, sometimes retroactively. There can be no assurance
that any such changes in the tax laws applicable to us will not adversely affect our tax position.
Following the publication of a discussion document entitled Taxation in the foreign profits
of companies on June 21, 2007, the U.K. government published draft legislation and guidance on
December 9, 2008. The draft legislation included the introduction of a worldwide debt cap which may
restrict the deductibility of interest expense incurred by U.K. resident entities. The draft
legislation is designed to ensure that the U.K. corporation tax deductions for financing costs do
not exceed the worldwide external finance costs of the group. The draft legislation has been
included in the U.K.s Finance Bill 2009, which was published on 30 April 2009, and in the event
that the bill becomes law in its current form the debt cap will have effect in relation to periods
of account beginning on or after 1 January 2010. No assurances can be given that the legislation, if and when enacted, will not restrict the
ability of our subsidiary FA Sub 3 Limited to claim a tax deduction for the full amount of its
interest expense.
The U.S. Congress is considering changes to U.S. income tax laws which would increase the U.S.
income tax rate imposed on carried interest earnings and would subject to U.S. corporate income
tax certain publicly held private equity firms and hedge funds structured as partnerships (for U.S.
federal income tax purposes). These changes would not apply to us because the Company is already
taxed in the United States as a U.S. corporation and earns fee income and does not receive a
carried interest.
President Obama and the U.S. Treasury Department proposed, on May 5, 2009, changing certain of
the U.S. tax rules for U.S. corporations doing business outside the United States. The proposed
changes would limit the ability of U.S. corporations to deduct expenses attributable to offshore
earnings, modify the foreign tax credit rules and further restrict the ability of U.S. corporations
to transfer funds between foreign subsidiaries without triggering U.S. income tax. Although the
scope of the proposed changes is unclear, it is possible that these or other changes in the U.S.
tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our profitability.
No
assurances can be given that the U.S. Congress might not enact other
tax law changes that would adversely effect us.
77
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Share Repurchases
On November 2, 2007, we initiated a $100.0 million repurchase program for shares of our common
stock and warrants to purchase common stock which was approved by our Board of Directors effective
through May 2, 2008. On February 4, 2008, the Board of Directors approved an increase of our
repurchase program by an additional $100.0 million and extended the program through August 31,
2008, and subsequently through February 4, 2009, and most recently through August 2, 2009.
Approximately $45 million remains available under the program for the repurchase of common stock
and warrants as of March 31, 2009. Our repurchase program allows management to repurchase shares
and warrants at its discretion.
The table below sets forth information with respect to purchases made on behalf of the Company
of Company common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2009.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number |
|
Maximum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Shares |
|
Approx. Dollar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchased as |
|
Value of Shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Part of Publicly |
|
that may yet be |
|
|
Total Number |
|
|
|
|
|
Announced |
|
Purchased |
|
|
Shares |
|
Average Price |
|
Plans or |
|
Under the Plans |
Period |
|
Repurchased |
|
Paid Per Share |
|
Programs |
|
or Programs |
January 1-31, 2009 |
|
|
33,468 |
|
|
$ |
2.42 |
|
|
|
33,468 |
|
|
$ |
109,299,199.49 |
|
February 1-29, 2009 |
|
|
28,290,535 |
|
|
|
2.27 |
|
|
|
28,290,535 |
|
|
|
45,079,685.04 |
|
March 1-31, 2009 |
|
|
20,652 |
|
|
|
2.26 |
|
|
|
20,652 |
|
|
|
45,033,011.52 |
|
Total |
|
|
28,344,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,344,655 |
|
|
|
|
|
78
Item 6. Exhibits
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
10.1.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between the
Company and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit 10.1.1 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.1.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit 10.1.2 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.1.3
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services LP and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit
10.1.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March
26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between the
Company and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit 10.2.1 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit 10.2.2 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.3
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services LP and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit
10.2.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March
26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
|
|
10.3.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Pierre Lagrange, filed as Exhibit 10.3.1 to
the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.3.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services Limited and Pierre Lagrange, filed as
Exhibit 10.3.2 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K
filed March 26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.4.1
|
|
Non-Competition Agreement dated as of November 2, 2007
between the Company and Noam Gottesman.
|
|
|
|
10.4.2
|
|
Schedule identifying agreements substantially identical to the Non-Competition Agreement
constituting Exhibit 10.4.1 hereto entered into between the Company and certain persons. |
|
|
|
10.5.1
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Credit
Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2008, among the Company, FA Sub 1
Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub 3 Limited, each a subsidiary
of the Company, Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent, and the
other lenders party thereto. |
|
|
|
10.5.2
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to the Credit
Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2009, among the Company, FA Sub 1
Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub 3 Limited, each a subsidiary of
the Company, Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent, and the
other lenders party thereto. |
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
31.3
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Chief Financial
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
|
|
|
32.3
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Chief Financial
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
79
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
GLG PARTNERS, INC.
(Registrant)
|
|
Date: May 11, 2009 |
By |
/s/ Noam Gottesman
|
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|
Name: |
Noam Gottesman |
|
|
|
Title: |
Chairman of the Board and Co-Chief
Executive Officer |
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|
80
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
|
|
Exhibit No. |
|
Description |
|
|
|
10.1.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between the
Company and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit 10.1.1 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.1.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit 10.1.2 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.1.3
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services LP and Noam Gottesman, filed as Exhibit
10.1.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March
26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between the
Company and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit 10.2.1 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit 10.2.2 to the
Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.2.3
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services LP and Emmanuel Roman, filed as Exhibit
10.2.3 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March
26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by
reference. |
|
|
|
10.3.1
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners LP and Pierre Lagrange, filed as Exhibit 10.3.1 to
the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 26, 2009
(File No.001-33217), is incorporated herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.3.2
|
|
Letter Agreement dated as of March 24, 2009 between GLG
Partners Services Limited and Pierre Lagrange, filed as
Exhibit 10.3.2 to the Companys Current Report on Form 8-K
filed March 26, 2009 (File No.001-33217), is incorporated
herein by reference. |
|
|
|
10.4.1
|
|
Non-Competition Agreement dated as of November 2, 2007 between the Company and Noam Gottesman. |
|
|
|
10.4.2
|
|
Schedule identifying agreements substantially identical to the Non-Competition Agreement
constituting Exhibit 10.4.1 hereto entered into between the Company and certain persons. |
|
|
|
10.5.1
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Credit
Agreement, dated as of June 5, 2008, among the Company, FA Sub 1
Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub 3 Limited, each a subsidiary
of the Company, Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent, and the
other lenders party thereto. |
|
|
|
10.5.2
|
|
Amendment No. 2 to the Credit
Agreement, dated as of April 28, 2009, among the Company, FA Sub 1
Limited, FA Sub 2 Limited and FA Sub 3 Limited, each a subsidiary of
the Company, Citicorp USA, Inc., as administrative agent, and the
other lenders party thereto. |
|
|
|
31.1
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
31.2
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
31.3
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Chief Financial
Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the
Exchange Act. |
|
|
|
32.1
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
|
|
|
32.2
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Co-Chief Executive
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
|
|
|
32.3
|
|
Certification of Periodic Report by the Chief Financial
Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |