As human society accelerates towards the intelligent era, the electronic information manufacturing industry has become the core yardstick for measuring a country's scientific and technological strength and industrial competitiveness. From vacuum tube computers to quantum chips, from fixed-line phones to satellite communications, this industry that carries humanity's infinite desire for information processing is undergoing unprecedented technological fission and pattern reconstruction. As the world's largest electronic information product manufacturing base, China has not only witnessed the magnificent course of industrial change, but also written its own innovative chapter in the century-long change.
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Reconstruction and evolution of the global industrial landscape
The development history of the global electronic information manufacturing industry is essentially a symphony of technology diffusion and industrial transfer. In the 1950s, European and American companies established a technological monopoly with the invention of transistors. Japan then built a "moat" in the field of semiconductor materials, and South Korea dominated the memory chip market through vertical integration. Entering the 21st century, China has achieved overtaking in the field of consumer electronics by relying on a complete industrial chain and engineer dividends. Two out of every three smartphones in the world are produced in China. This transfer is not simply cost-driven, but the result of the interweaving of the three forces of technology, capital, and market.
The current industrial structure presents the characteristics of a "three-tier echelon": the United States controls upstream links such as EDA tools and high-end chip design, Taiwan, China and South Korea form a "two-hero competition" in the field of wafer manufacturing, and mainland China dominates midstream manufacturing such as LCD panels and photovoltaic modules. It is worth noting that emerging economies such as Vietnam and India are entering the global value chain by taking over the assembly link. In 2024, Vietnam's electronic exports exceeded US$120 billion, confirming the continued deepening of industrial transfer.
Technological revolution gives birth to new quality productivity
Driven by technological waves such as artificial intelligence, 6G communications, and quantum computing, industry boundaries are constantly being broken. Generative AI has given rise to exponential growth in computing power demand, and the unit price of Nvidia H100 chips has been hyped up to US$40,000 but is still in short supply; the spatial computing revolution triggered by Apple Vision Pro has made near-eye display technology a battleground; the energy density of lithium metal batteries has exceeded 500Wh/kg, which is rewriting the new energy vehicle industry structure. These technological breakthroughs are reshaping the industrial value network and giving birth to emerging tracks such as smart sensors and carbon-based chips.
Chinese companies have achieved parallel and leading in some fields: Huawei's 5G base station shipments ranked first in the world, BOE's flexible OLED panel yield exceeded 85%, and Yangtze Memory's 3D NAND flash memory stacking layers reached 232 layers. What is more noteworthy is that China has formed a full industrial chain advantage in new energy fields such as photovoltaics and lithium batteries. In 2024, the export volume of the "new three items" exceeded one trillion yuan, becoming a landmark achievement in the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade.
The road to a breakthrough: the dual-wheel drive of innovation and security
Facing the undercurrent of "anti-globalization", China's electronic information manufacturing industry is undergoing a critical transformation. In Shenzhen, Hefei and other places, the investment in major integrated circuit projects has not diminished, SMIC has made breakthroughs in the research and development of 3-nanometer process, and Changxin Storage has achieved mass production of DDR5 memory. These developments reflect China's determination to break through the "stuck neck" technology. But the challenges are still severe: the EDA tool market is still monopolized by Synopsys and Keng Teng Electronics, and the localization rate of lithography machines is less than 5%.
New thinking is needed for industrial chain security. Hefei Changxin acquired key patents by acquiring a Swiss semiconductor company, and TCL Technology acquired LG's Guangzhou panel factory to achieve technological leap. These M&A cases show that integrating global resources in an open environment is still an important path. At the same time, the construction of digital supply chain is accelerating, and the industrial Internet platform has connected more than 10 million devices, shortening the delivery cycle by 30%.
Future vision: infinite possibilities of integration and reconstruction
Looking at the time node of 2025, the electronic information manufacturing industry will show three major trends: first, the deep integration of "core-end-cloud", the proportion of end-side computing power will increase from 10% to 40%; second, green manufacturing will become a hard constraint, and the PUE value of the wafer factory needs to be reduced to below 1.1; third, the service-oriented transformation is accelerated, and the equipment networking rate exceeds 70%, giving rise to new formats such as predictive maintenance.
In this industrial transformation, China is transforming from a "manufacturing power" to an "innovation power". Shanghai Microelectronics' 28-nanometer immersion lithography machine has entered mass production, and Hefei Benyuan Quantum has delivered the first commercial quantum computer. These milestone events indicate the possibility of breakthroughs. When 5G+Industrial Internet empowers 3 million factories and computing networks support the training of large models with trillions of parameters, China's electronic information manufacturing industry will eventually occupy the commanding heights in the global industrial transformation. This is not only an inevitable choice for industrial upgrading, but also a strategic support for building a new development pattern.
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