Fourth Quarter Highlights:

• Net income of $17.4 million, up 105.1% from $8.5 million for 4Q22. Diluted EPS of $0.50, up $0.25 from $0.25 per share for 4Q22
• Core net income⁽¹⁾ of $16.2 million, up 77.2% from $9.1 million for 4Q22. Core diluted EPS⁽¹⁾ of $0.46, up $0.19 from $0.27 per share for 4Q22

• Loan production of $352.1 million in UPB, a 21.2% increase from 3Q23 and 26.8% from 4Q22
  • Year-to-date 2024 loan production through February 2024 totaled $254.4 million with an 11.1% weighted average coupon (WAC)

• Nonperforming loans as a percentage of Held for Investment (HFI) loans was 9.7%, a decrease from 10.1% as of September 30, 2023, and an increase from 8.3% as of December 31, 2022
• Resolutions of nonperforming loans (NPL) and real estate owned (REO) totaled $70.9 million in UPB,
  • Realizing gains of $1.5 million or 102.2% of UPB resolved

• Portfolio net interest margin (NIM) of 3.52%, up 18 bps Q/Q and an increase of 68 bps from 2.84% for 4Q22
• Completed the VCC 2023-4 securitization totaling $202.9 million of securities issued
• Liquidity⁽²⁾ of $63.2 million as of December 31, 2023
• Non-recourse debt to equity ratio of 1.2 times
• Book value per common share of $13.49 as of December 31, 2023, an increase from $13.00 as of September 30, 2023

Full-Year 2023 Highlights:

• Total loan portfolio of $4.1 billion in UPB, an increase of 16.0% from December 31, 2022
• Loan production volume of $1.1 billion in unpaid principal balance (UPB), a decrease from $1.8 billion for FY 2022
• Net income of $52.3 million, compared to $32.2 million for FY 2022. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $1.52 in 2023, compared to $0.94 per share for FY 2022
• Core Net Income⁽¹⁾ totaled $53.4 million in 2023, compared to $42.2 million for FY 2022. Core diluted EPS⁽¹⁾ of $1.54, compared to $1.24 per share for FY 2022
• Net charge-off and gain/(loss) on REO activity for FY 2023 was a gain of $2.0 million, compared to a gain of $5.5 million for FY 2022
• Portfolio NIM of 3.34%, compared to 3.64% for FY 2022
• Pretax return on equity of 17.5%, an increase from 12.2% for FY 2022

Velocity Financial, Inc. (NYSE: VEL) (Velocity or the Company), a leader in business purpose loans, reported net income of $52.3 million and core net income of $53.4 million for full-year 2023, compared to net income of $32.2 million and core net income of $42.2 million for the full-year 2022. Earnings and core earnings per diluted share were $1.52 and $1.54, respectively, for the full-year 2023, compared to $0.94 and $1.24 for the full-year 2022.

“I am pleased to announce that Velocity delivered record earnings for the fourth quarter and full year 2023, driven by strategic portfolio growth and proactive asset management,” said Chris Farrar, President and CEO. “While higher interest rates and rising inflation presented significant challenges for the mortgage market last year, our dedicated and experienced team turned these challenges into opportunities and delivered strong financial and operational results. We successfully increased loan production each quarter in 2023, while also increasing mortgage coupons by 86 basis point from the average rate for 4Q22. As a result, our net interest margins increased 68 basis points from 4Q22, and our asset management team continued to enhance shareholder value with positive recovery rates. Recently, we announced a $75 million capital raise we are deploying into accretive investments to fuel additional growth and attain our “5X25” goal of a $5 billion loan portfolio by 2025.”

Fourth Quarter Operating Results

Discussion of results:

• Net income in 4Q23 was $17.4 million, compared to $8.5 million for 4Q22
  • Driven by FV gains on new production and a 48.9% increase in net interest income

• Core net income⁽¹⁾ was $16.2 million, compared to $9.1 million for 4Q22
  • 4Q23 Core adjustments include a California apportionment tax liability reduction, incentive compensation expenses and costs related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan (ESPP)

• Portfolio NIM in 4Q23 was 3.52%, compared to 2.84% for 4Q22, a 24.0% Y/Y increase driven by an increased average portfolio yield from higher loan coupons on recent loan production and growth in NPL resolution gains, partially offset by higher funding costs
• The GAAP pretax return on equity was 20.7% for 4Q23, compared to 12.37% for 4Q22

Discussion of results:

• Velocity’s total loan portfolio was $4.1 billion in UPB as of December 31, 2023, an increase of 16.0% from $3.5 billion in UPB as of December 31, 2022
  • Primarily driven by 20.2% Y/Y growth in loans collateralized by Investor 1-4 Rental properties and a combined 15.2% Y/Y growth in loans collateralized by Retail and Warehouse properties

  • Loan prepayments totaled $118.0 million, an increase of 13.0% Q/Q and 35.7% Y/Y

• The UPB of Fair Value (FVO) loans was $1.27 billion, or 31.1% of total HFI loans, as of December 31, 2023, an increase from $268.6 million in UPB and 7.6%, as of December 31, 2022
  • The company elected fair value accounting treatment for new loan originations effective October 1, 2022

• The weighted average portfolio loan-to-value ratio was 67.8% as of December 31, 2023, down from 68.2% as of December 31, 2022, and consistent with the five-quarter trailing average of 68.8%
• The weighted average total portfolio yield was 8.70% for 4Q23, an increase of 119 bps from 4Q22, driven by a 93 bps increase in average loan coupons from 4Q22
• Portfolio-related debt cost for 4Q23 was 5.75%, an increase of 52 bps from 4Q22, driven by higher interest rates on 2023 securitizations and warehouse financing

Discussion of results:

• Loan production for 4Q23 totaled $352.1 million in UPB, a 26.8% increase from $277.8 million in UPB for 4Q22
  • Driven by continued strong demand for business-purpose loans. On a Q/Q basis, production volume rose 21.2% from 3Q23.

• The weighted average coupon (WAC) on 4Q23 HFI loan production was 11.2%, an increase of 86 bps from the WAC for 4Q22

Discussion of results:

• Nonperforming loans (NPL) totaled $394.6 million in UPB as of December 31, 2023, or 9.7% of loans HFI, compared to $279.2 million and 8.3% as of December 31, 2022
  • NPLs as a percentage of HFI loans decreased 32 bps from 10.1% as of September 30, 2023, driven by portfolio growth and a significant slowdown in the pace of loans transitioning to foreclosure

  • On a year-over-year basis, NPL growth was driven by the older, legacy amortized cost portfolio, and the Company’s collection philosophy that places loans in foreclosure quickly for early delinquencies

• Charge-offs for 4Q23 totaled $744.0 thousand, compared to no charge-offs for 4Q22
  • The trailing five-quarter charge-off average was $408.0 thousand

• The loan loss reserve totaled $4.8 million as of December 31, 2023, a 2.5% decrease from $4.9 million as of December 31, 2022
  • Resulting from the continued run-off of the amortized cost HFI loan portfolio

  • Loans carried at fair value are not subject to a CECL reserve

Discussion of results:

• Net Revenue in 4Q23 was $51.6 million, an increase of 59.6% compared to $32.3 million for 4Q22
• Total net interest income, including corporate debt interest expense and loan loss provision, was $29.9 million for 4Q23, a 41.9% increase from $21.1 million for 4Q22
  • Portfolio net Interest income was $34.9 million for 4Q23, an increase of 40.7% from 4Q22 resulting from the increased size of our portfolio and a 68 bps increase in NIM

• Total other operating income was $21.7 million for 4Q23 as compared to $10.8 million for 4Q22 driven largely by the FVO gains from 4Q23 originations
  • Gain on disposition of loans totaled $1.5 million for 4Q23, primarily resulting from loans transferred to REO

  • Net FVO marks on loans and securitized debt were $15.3 million as a result of new 4Q23 loan production and the decrease in Treasury rates during 4Q23

  • Origination income totaled $4.0 million, resulting from fee income realized on loans originated in 4Q23

Discussion of results:

• Operating expenses totaled $29.3 million for 4Q23, an increase of 40.7% from 4Q22, driven by higher compensation expenses from headcount growth and securitization expenses driven by impacts attributable to our fair value accounting election
  • Compensation expense totaled $15.1 million, compared to $11.8 million for 4Q22

    • Compensation growth was driven by hires of sales account executives and operational staff, in addition to commissions paid on higher loan production

  • Securitization expenses totaled $2.7 million, resulting from the issuance of the VCC 2023-4 securitization during the quarter. Securitization issuance costs are now expensed under fair value accounting and were deferred in 4Q22.

  • Loan servicing expense totaled $4.6 million, a 42.9% increase from $3.2 million for 4Q22, driven by the increase in our portfolio balance and nonperforming loans

  • REO expense increased totaled $2.1, an increase from $0.6 million for 4Q22, driven by increased valuation-related expenses

Discussion of results

• The company completed one securitization during 4Q23 totaling $202.9 million of securities issued
• The weighted average rate on Velocity’s outstanding securitizations was 5.22% as of December 31, 2023, an increase of 94 bps from December 31, 2022

Discussion of results:

• NPL resolution totaled 70.9 million in UPB, realizing 102.2% of UPB resolved compared to $25.3 million in UPB and realization of 102.3% of UPB resolved for 4Q22
• 4Q23 NPL resolutions represented 18.3% of nonperforming loan UPB as of September 30, 2023
• The UPB of loan resolutions in 4Q23 was 41.4% higher than the recent five-quarter resolution average of $50.1 million in UPB

Full-Year 2023 Operating Results

Discussion of results:

• Loan production in FY 2023 totaled $1.1 billion in UPB, a 36.5% decrease from $1.8 billion in UPB for 2022
  • Driven by higher interest rates throughout most of FY 2023

• Net interest margin (NIM) was 3.34% for FY 2023, a 30 bps decrease from 3.64% for FY 2022
  • Driven by higher securitization and warehouse financing costs

  • Partially offset by a higher weighted average coupon on 2023 loan production of 11.1% compared to 8.0% for FY 2022

• Average NPLs were $328.1 million for FY 2023, an increase of 23.3% from the FY 2022 average of $266.1 million
  • Average NPLs as a percentage of average loans HFI were 8.7% for FY 2023, compared to 8.6% for FY 2022

• Net charge-off and gain/(loss) on REO activity for FY 2023 was a gain of $2.0 million, compared to a gain of $5.5 million for FY 2022
• Net income totaled 52.3 million for FY 2023, a 62.3% increase from 32.2 million for FY 2022
  • Net interest income (after corporate interest expense and provision for loan losses) totaled $105.8 million, a 29.1% increase from $82.0 million in FY 2022, driven by HFI portfolio growth and higher coupons on FY 2023 loan production

  • Other income totaled $65.9 million, a 171.0% increase from $24.3 million in FY 2022, driven by the net impact of the Company’s fair value accounting election for loan production originated after October 1, 2022, and unrealized fair value losses on securitized debt

  • Expenses totaled $119.5 million, a 61.2% increase from $74.1 million in FY 2022, driven by an increase in compensation expense related to the Company’s fair value accounting election and securitization costs resulting from the issuance of six VCC securitizations in 2023. Under fair value accounting, securitization costs are expensed as incurred, whereas previously they were deferred and amortized over the life of the securitization.

• Core net income⁽¹⁾ totaled $53.4 million, a 26.6% increase from $42.2 million for FY 2022
  • Core income adjustments totaled $1.1 million, compared to $9.9 million for FY 2022

  • Core diluted EPS was $1.54 per share, a 24.5% increase from $1.24 per share for FY 2022

• Pretax return on equity was 17.5%, a 42.8% increase from 12.2% for FY 2022

Velocity’s executive management team will host a conference call and webcast to review 4Q23 and Full-Year 2023 financial results on March 7^th, 2024, at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time / 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time.

Webcast Information

The conference call will be webcast live in listen-only mode and can be accessed through the Events and Presentations section of the Velocity Financial Investor Relations website https://www.velfinance.com/events-and-presentations. To listen to the webcast, please visit Velocity’s website at least 15 minutes before the call to register, download, and install any needed software. An audio replay of the call will also be available on Velocity’s website following the completion of the conference call.

Conference Call Information

To participate by phone, please dial-in 15 minutes before the start time to allow for wait times to access the conference call. The live conference call will be accessible by dialing 1-833-316-0544 in the U.S. and Canada and 1-412-317-5725 for international callers. Callers should ask to join the Velocity Financial, Inc. conference call.

A replay of the call will be available through midnight on March 14, 2024, and can be accessed by dialing 1-877-344-7529 in the U.S. and 855-669-9658 in Canada or 1-412-317-0088 internationally. The passcode for the replay is #7107943. The replay will also be available on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website under "Events and Presentations.”

About Velocity Financial, Inc.

Based in Westlake Village, California, Velocity is a vertically integrated real estate finance company that primarily originates and manages business purpose loans secured by 1-4-unit residential rental and small commercial properties. Velocity originates loans nationwide across an extensive network of independent mortgage brokers built and refined over 19 years.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement our financial statements presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the Company uses non-GAAP core net income and core diluted EPS, which are non-GAAP financial measures.

Non-GAAP core net income and non-GAAP core diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures that represent our net income (loss) and net income (loss) per diluted share, adjusted to eliminate the effect of certain costs incurred from activities that are not normal recurring operating expenses, such as COVID-stressed charges and recoveries of loan loss provision, nonrecurring debt amortization, the impact of operational measures taken to address the COVID-19 pandemic and workforce reduction costs, and costs associated with acquisitions. To calculate non-GAAP core diluted EPS, we use the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding that is used to calculate net income per diluted share under GAAP.

We have included non-GAAP core net income and non-GAAP core diluted EPS because they are key measures used by our management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources. Accordingly, we believe that non-GAAP core net income and non-GAAP core diluted EPS provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. In addition, they provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business, as they remove the effect of certain items that we expect to be nonrecurring.

These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP financial measures are not based on any standardized methodology prescribed by GAAP and are not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies.

For more information on Core Income, please refer to the section of this press release below titled “Adjusted Financial Metric Reconciliation to GAAP Net Income” at the end of this press release.

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained in this press release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to anticipated results, expectations, projections, plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “goal,” ”position,” or “potential” or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases that are predictions of or indicate future events or trends and which do not relate solely to historical matters. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans, or intentions.

The forward-looking statements contained in this press release reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances that may cause actual results to differ significantly from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statement. While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith projections, assumptions, and expectations, they are not guarantees of future results. Furthermore, we disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events, or other changes, except as required by applicable law. Factors that could cause our results to differ materially include, but are not limited to, (1) the continued course and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and its direct and indirect impacts, (2) general economic and real estate market conditions, including the risk of recession (3) regulatory and/or legislative changes, (4) our customers' continued interest in loans and doing business with us, (5) market conditions and investor interest in our future securitizations, and (6) the continued conflict in Ukraine and (7) changes in federal government fiscal and monetary policies.

Additional information relating to these and other factors that could cause future results to differ materially from those expressed or contemplated in any forward-looking statements can be found in the section titled ‘‘Risk Factors” in our Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 14, 2020, as well as other cautionary statements we make in our current and periodic filings with the SEC. Such filings are available publicly on our Investor Relations web page at www.velfinance.com.

Velocity Financial, Inc.

Net Interest Margin ‒ Portfolio Related and Total Company

(Unaudited)

Quarters: